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By Martín Antonio Encinas‐Romero, Patricia Guerrero‐Germán, Jesús Leobardo Valenzuela‐García, José R. Parga‐Torres, María A. Bracamontes‐Landavazo, Agustín Gómez‐Alvarez

A study was carried out to process a sulfide mineral concentrate from Norwest of Mexico containing 97 g/t Au, 0.15% Cu, and 15% Fe. An oxidative acid pretreatment was investigated using ferric sulfate as oxidant, followed by leaching of gold with sodium cyanide. Scanning electron microscopy, SEM-EDS, and X-ray diffraction, XRD, the analysis confirms the presence of quartz and pyrite species. First, a leaching was carried out without pretreatment, at ambient conditions, T = 25 °C and P = 1 atm, obtaining only a 45.2% gold extraction. Once the presence of Fe and Cu sulfides had been confirmed, the Eh-pH diagrams were constructed for the Fe-S-H2O and Cu-S-H2O systems, where it is appreciated that pyrite and chalcocite can dissolve with high oxidation potentials and forming sulfur, oxidizing to sulfate at highly acidic conditions. The oxidized concentrate was neutralized and adjusted to pH > 10.5; it was leached at ambient conditions, at different particle sizes, 44, 37, and 26.5μm, achieving an Au extraction of 75% using a concentration of 0.5% NaCN, 26.5μm particle size, 20% solids, and P = 1atm. Then the oxidized material was subjected to different temperatures, 25, 50, and 70 °C, under the same conditions and obtaining Au extractions up to 92% at 70°C. Additionally, the leaching process was compared using an autoclave reactor at moderate pressures, obtaining an increase in the extraction of Au up to 98% in 2 h, at T = 70 °C and P = 0.62 MPa.

Jan 23, 2022

By Carlos F. Perucca, Maria Virginia Ramírez A.

"Chile based SQM S.A., exploits potassium chloride rich salts at the Salar de Atacama, in northern Chile. The process includes the solar evaporation of natural brines existing in the Salar salt bed, followed by conventional flotation to recover Muriate of Potash (MOP) for fertilizer use.This paper describes a structured method developed to aid in understanding the metallurgical response of the solar evaporated salts to conventional flotation. The method uses classical metallurgical data analysis combined with laboratory and plant-scale testing, and rudimentary mineralogical studies.As a result of the study, several changes were made to the flotation circuit which produced an operation that is much more consistent and easier to control, and has an increased recovery. An optimized circuit, currently being financially evaluated, has also been conceptually designed based on the findings of this work.INTRODUCTIONSQM S.A. is the world’s largest producer and distributor of specialty fertilizers, iodine, lithium, as well as a wide array of industrial and specialty chemicals. SQM is a public corporation whose shares are traded in the Santiago and the New York Stock Exchanges.SQM S.A. exploits the mineral rights at the Salar de Atacama in northern Chile. Its production processes involve the solar evaporation of natural brines existing in the Salar salt bed, aimed at the recovery of Potassium, Lithium and Boron compounds."

Jan 1, 2004

By M. Craig Miller

As the trend continues in the U. S. toward inceased capital investment in longwall mining equipment and wider panels. the risk also increases for gotential financial and production loses due to undetected geologic anomalies. This paper describes how RIM Sm (Radio Imaging Method) is utilized in conjunction with more traditional exploration and interpretive methods to delineate fluvial channels. displacement faults and poor roof conditions in a Southeastern Ohio coal mine

Jan 1, 1990

On the Art of Metallography (Howe Memorial Lecture), by F. F. Lucas; Beneficiation of Iron Ore. Abstract of paper by C. E. Williams followed by Round Table Discussion; A Statistical Analysis of Blast-furnace Data, by R. 8. McCaffery and R. G. Stephenson; Air Discharge of Circular Tuyeres, by R. S. McCaffery and D. E. Krause; Open-hearth Steel Process as a Problem in Chemical Kinetics. by E. R. Jette; Carbon-oxygen Equilibrium in Liquid Iron, by H. C. Vacher and E. H. Hamilton; A Thermodynamic Study of the Phasial Equilibria in the Bystem Iron-carbon (Abstract), by Yap, Chu-Phay; Influence of Dissolved Carbide on the Equilibria of the System Iron-carbon (Abstract), by Yap, Chu-Phay; Inclusions and Their Effect on Impact Strength of Steel, I and 11, by A. B. Kinzel and W. Crafts: Method for Electrolytic Extraction of MnO, MnS, FeS and Si02, Inclusions from Plain Carbon Steels, by G. R. Fitterer; Permanent Growth of Gray Cast Iron, by W. E. Remmers; Some Notes on Blue Brittleness, by L. R. van Wert; Austenite-pearlite Transformation and the Transition Constituents, by A. Sauveur; Age-hardening of Austenite, by F. R. Hensel; Transformational Characteristics of Iron-manganese Alloys, by H. Scott; Composition Limits of the Alpha-gamma Loop in the Iron-tungsten System, by W. P. Sykes; Magnetic Properties Versus AUotropic Transformations of Iron Alloys, by T. D. Yensen and N. A. Ziegler; Dilatometric Study of Chrome-nickel-iron Alloys, by V. N. Krivobok and M. Gensamer; Low-carbon Steel, by H. B. Pulsifer; Bright Annealing of Steels in Hydrogen, by F. C. KeUey; Development of Continuous Gas Carburieing, by R. J. Cowan. Transactions, Institute of Metals Division, 1931. 500 pages. Index. Papers and discussions presented before the Division at Chicago, Sept. 22-26, 1930 and New York, Feb. 16-19, 1931. X-ray MetallograpIhy: X-ray Determination of Alloy Equilibrium Diagrams (Annual Lecture), by A. F. Westgren; Suppressed Constitutional Changes in Alloys. by G. Sachs; Texture of Metals after Cold Deformation; by F. Wever. Theoretical Metallurgy: Studies upon the Widmanatitten Structure. I.—Introduction. The Aluminum-eilver System and the Copper-silicon System; by R. F. Mehl and C. S. Barrett; Studies upon the Widmanstatten Structure, 11.—The Beta Copper-einc Alloys and the Beta Copper-alumnum Alloys, by R. F. Mehl and 0. T. Mareke; Application of X-rays in the Manufacture of Telephone Apparatus, by M. Baeyerts; Thermal Conductivity of Copper Alloys. 11.—Copper-tin Alloys; 111.—Copper-phosphorus Alloys, by Cyril Stanley Smith; Thermodynamic Study of the Equilibria of the Systems Antimony-bismuth and Antimony-lead, by Yap, Chu-Phay. Ganeral: Cemented Tungsten Carbide; a Study of the Action of the Cementing Material, by L. L. Wyman and F. C. Kelley; Influence of Casting Practice on Physical Properties of Die Castings, by C. Pack; Fabrication of the Platinum Metals, by C. S. Sivil; Effect of Certain Alloying Elements on Structure and Hardness of Aluminum Bronze, by 9. F. Hermann and F. T. Sisco. The WorkinG oF Metals: Metal Working in Power Presses, by E. V. Crane; Forming Properties of Thin Sheets of Some Nonferrous Metals, by W. A. Straw, M. D. Helfrick and C. R. Fischrupp; Die Pressing of Braas and Copper Alloys, by J. R. Freeman. Jr.; Plasticity of Copper-sina Alloys at Elevated Temperatures. by A. Morris: Directional Properties in Cold-rolled and Annealed Copper, by A. Phillips and E. 9. Bunn; Effect of Combinations of Strain and Heat Treatment on Properties of Some Age-hardening Copper Alloys by W. C. Ellis and E. E. Schumacher; Constituents of Aluminum-iron-silicon Alloys, by W, L. Fink and K. R. Van Horn; Equilibrium Relations in Aluminum-antimony Alloys of High Purity, by E. H. Dix, Jr., F. KeUer and L. A. Willey; Equilibrium Relations in Aluminum-magnesium Silicide Alloys of High Purity, by E. H. Dix. Jr., F. Keller and R. W. Graham; Constitution of High-purity Aluminum-titanium Alloys, by W. L. Fink, K. R. Van Horn and P. M. Budge; Experiments on Retarding the Age-hardening of Duralumin, by E. H. Dix. Jr. and F. KeUer; Aluminum-silicon-magnesium Casting Alloys, by R. S. Archer and L. W. Kempf; Modulurr of Elasticity of Aluminum Alloys, by R. L. Templin and D. A. Paul; Quenching of Alclad Sheet in Oil, by H. C. Knerr.

Jan 1, 1931

By Brendan Demich, Joseph McGuire, Emily J. Haas

Near misses recorded and reported by workers can provide awarenessto the potential causes of injury and prompt safety management initiatives. Although most companies require near-miss reporting, it is unclear what the value of these reports are, if any, and how they influence subsequent actions or controls to reduce on-the-job risks. Researchers at the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) conducted a case study with an aggregates company in which near-miss reports were analyzed at each of their locations over an entire quarter during the summer of 2018. Within that quarter, workers recorded 249 near misses. Of those, 167 were valid near misses that occurred at work. Researchers coded the reports using a qualitative 5 × 5 risk matrix. Of the 167 near misses, 19% were deemed low risk, 25% moderate risk, 30% high risk, and 26% critical risk. Several patterns in the near-miss incidents were documented, including classification of incidents and common corrective actions referenced (i.e., elimination/substitution, engineering control or redesign, work process/procedures, and personal protective equipment). The analysis provides insight into ways that risk communication and management programs can be improved to reengage workers and their situational awareness on the job.

By Tim O’Neil

More than 5,300 mining professionals from around the world attended the SME Annual Meeting and Exhibit, March 1-3 in Denver, CO. Seventy three technical sessions highlighted innovative technologies and applications for the development of mineral resources. And the exhibit featured 421 companies worldwide and 632 exhibit booths. The 1999 SME Annual Meeting had 10% international attendance. Professionals from outside the United States were guests at the first SME International Reception.

Jan 1, 1999

By J. C. Gerdeen

A new analytical model for the shear stiffness at a joint of the fully-grouted resin roofbolt is developed using the Theory of Elasticity and an analogy to a beam on an elastic foundation, Gerdeen [2]. The model developed in this study treats the elastic foundation modulus of the resin as being composed of both an elastic rock and an elastic resin. All previous attempts have neglected the elasticity of the rock and treated only the resin. A three dimensional finite element model of the bolt-resin-rock system is developed also and comparisons are made between the predictions made by it and the analytical solution. It is found that the agreement between the two representations ranges between 1.2% and 10.5%, with the greater differences being observed for systems of very large or very small bolt diameters and resin annulus thicknesses. Since such configurations are not the rule in practice parameter studies are performed using the analytical solution with the finite element solution being used as a check. For a 0.75 in. bolt, a resin annulus thickness of 0.1375 in., a resin with E = 7 x 105 psi and -1) = 0.210, and a rock of modulus E = 6.8 x 106 psi and V = 0.159 the shear stiffness is found to be 1.220 x 106 lb,/in, from the analytical solution and 1.245 x 106 lb,/in, from the finite element model. Applying the finite element model to the problem of the axial stiffness of the fully-grouted resin roofbolt a value of 6.002 x 106 lb./in. is obtained which proves to be at least 50% higher than any of the now existing analytical predictions.

Jan 1, 1976

Sufficient time has elapsed since the enactment of the amendments to the mining legislation in 1981 to enable an examination to be made of the way in which the licensing system operates in practice. One of the most important decisions in resource management in New Zealand is whether or not rights of access to the resource should be conferred by the Crown upon an appropriate private sector participant. The licensing system is the means for allocating these rights of access. The manner in which the licensing system is administered, therefore, is crucial to natural resource management in New Zealand. What is the mining licensing system in New Zealand designed to achieve? This simple question admits of no easy answer. Is it the identification and development of the mineral resources of New Zealand? Are these objectives tempered by issues of resource conservation and environmental protection? Is a balance to be achieved among these competing factors? Does the legislation contain any priorities? Does the system respond in an ad hoc manner to particular facts and circumstances or does it operate within a more predictable framework? To what extent are decisions made on access to minerals with reference to the development or conservation of other resources? These questions may be summarised in the title to this paper which poses the question whether mining licences are instruments for resource management.

Jan 1, 1988

By P. G. Claridge, R. A. Tenbergen

"Pipe Open Pit ore is delivered by rail to the Thompson Mill at a rate of 34,000 tons per week. Ore is milled at a rate of 220 tons per hour.Characteristics of the serpentinised peridotite host rock are such that significant deviations from hitherto experienced milling practice became a necessity because of coagulation of the gangue upon cominution.Extensive development work was done in the grinding and classification circuits to better understand the ore characteristics and optimize operating parameters and the use of available equipment. This work ultimately resulted in the change from 30 to 20-inch diameter cyclones.Coagulation of the ore slurry and the characterstics of the sulfide minerals necessitated an ""unconventional approach"" in processing as compared with the beneficiation of Thompson Mine ore.Recent changes in ore characteristics led to testing of antistatic agents to reduce tailing losses."

Jan 1, 1975

State ownership of mineral in the ground is not newthe Regalian Right is an ancient concept. And the compulsory purchase of land and the minerals beneath it by the State or a body approved by the State (Fitzgerald, 1952) was a principle well established and enforced in practice over a hundred years ago, when such powers became a practical necessity during the period of railway building in Britain and elsewhere:The acquisition of mineral properties which stand in the way of public construction projects still goes on. But in recent years nationalization is being increasingly undertaken as part of the planned use of national resources, for the closer regulation of economic activities, or merely, so it would seem, as a matter of political expediency or national pride. For instance, the unsevered coal in Britain came under State ownership in 1938 in an attempt to simplify a complex pattern of freehold titles which were impedingplanned mining operations. Later, unsevered minerals became a factor in negotiations arising under various town and country planning acts. The acquisition of the Rio Tinto mines by the Spanish Government implies political aspirations. Or State purchase may even be accidental: it was the easiest course for the Sierra Leone Government consequential upon its failure to prevent widespread trespass over legally-held diamond privileges in 1955.This paper has been prompted by problems that have arisen when properties containing unsevered mineral have been expropriated by the Crown in New Zealand: expropriations, it is true, that have been on a small scale in rela...

Jan 1, 1957

By Jeffrey Goodwin P. E., Melih Demirkan Ph. D. P. E., Kevin Tehansky P. E.

Just an hour drive down MD 301 from National Harbor, construction to replace the Governor Harry W. Nice Memorial/Senator Thomas ‘Mac’ Middleton Bridge (HNB) began in spring of 2020. The Maryland Transportation Authority (MDTA) contracted with Skanska-Corman-McLean (SCM) to deliver a new US 301 bridge spanning 1.9 miles from Maryland to Virginia over the Potomac River aiming to improve capacity, safety, and access of the roadway. The project area presented a geotechnical design challenge due to the installation of new bridge foundations in the problematic soils of the Atlantic Coastal Plain alluvial deposits. With the existing bridge remaining in service during construction, and the site’s logistical constraints placing new pile driving operations near existing abutments and piers, a complex instrumentation and monitoring plan was developed to ensure public safety throughout the project. This paper discusses the geological conditions of the project area, the collaborative approach of various design team members to develop an appropriate monitoring plan utilizing various instrumentation, an understanding of baseline conditional movements of the existing bridge, and impact response of adjacent construction activity to help deliver effective new bridge foundations while protecting the old ones.

Oct 1, 2022

By R. Frank Chiappetta

A new blasting technique has been developed by International Technologies, LLC. to eliminate subgrade drilling, lower ground vibrations, improve fragmentation and reduce explosive consumption. The new technique utilizes a uniquely designed borehole plug, with a bottom hole air deck and a predetermined stemming mass on top of the plug. This combination is referred to as the Power Deck?. Single holes and full scale tests were conducted by Blasting Analysis International, Inc. (BAI) to determine how the system works, the mechanisms behind its success and the best design parameters to use for the given rock conditions. Results have shown reduced or eliminated subgrade drilling, ground vibration reductions of up to 33%, reduced explosive consumption by 16 to 25%, and improved fragmentation by up to 25%. This paper summarizes the methodology, field test setups, analyzes procedures and results for one series of single hole and full-scale tests which were performed in a Pennsylvania, USA quarry.

Jan 1, 2004

By Heramb M. Bal

This paper will underpin the future development of intellectuals having greater understanding of patent law and legislation, IP rights, and innovation. To understand this idea, I present a case study of China?s progress in the last 31 years in the rare earth research, innovation, and simultaneously patents area. Rare earth elements (REE) are at the centre of high technology and are the next wave of world innovation. Much of modern society depends on rare earth elements through their use in computers, lasers, telecommunications, iPods, medical technology, military applications, and so on (Long et al, 2010). The rare earth research, a large research body is being provided by Chinese sources. China devoted three or four university centers to the study of rare earths (Lifton, 2009). These measures are all designed to keep China at the forefront of REE production, materials, technology, and innovation. As a result in the last fifteen years there has been a shift from a US-dominated REE industry patents to Chinese patents. The world must identify strategic areas of rare earth innovation and provide funding to firms and universities that conduct such research. Not only research and innovation is vital but filing patents and preserving IP rights for research and innovation is even more important. We (rest of the world) need a comprehensive strategy to guide the development of patent and IP rights for research and innovation. To achieve this, the development of intellectuals with superior knowledge of patents and IP rights are the future need of minerals industry. Keywords: innovation, rare earth, patent, IP rights

Sep 1, 2012

By R. M. Goktan

Point-attack picks are one of the most widely used tools for the mechanical excavation of rock and coal. In the literature, some practical formulas have been developed to estimate their performances under varying cutting conditions such as the pick geometry, cutting depth and cutting geometry. In this study, it is shown that Evans?s theoretical model, the most cited in the literature, has serious limitations concerning the changes in the cutting geometry. Analysis of the two independent full-scale linear rock cutting experimental data reveals that both his theory and its recent modification can not fully explain the mechanism of rock breakage under asymmetrical attack. The cutting force predictions made by employing such models are shown to be too significantly weak to be of any service in practice. In this study, a semi-empirical approach was followed by means of which cutting forces under varying cutting geometries could be made. By analysing the full-scale rock cutting test data, prediction equations of the peak cutting force and mean cutting force have been developed. Comparisons of laboratory determined and predicted force values indicate that the suggested prediction equations are applicable to quite different rock materialsm which have uniaxial compressive strength in the range of about 30?170MPa, and valid for different cutting geometries. It is also shown by regression analysis that the established prediction equations are statistically significant.

Jan 1, 2005

By John A. Owsiany

The effect of longwall mining on streams and shallow aquifers has been the subject of numerous research studies for more than twenty years. As a result of these studies, it has become common to consider an overburden thickness of 400 feet as the lower limit at which longwall mining methods may be used with little or no effect on hydrologic systems. This paper presents the results of a study documenting the response of a large high order stream to shallow cover undermining by longwall methods in the northern Appalachian coalfield. The field site is located in a narrow stream valley where the overburden, composed primarily of limestone and sandstone units interbedded with shales and siltstones, ranges in thickness from 340 to 285 feet above the main bench of the Pittsburgh coal seam. Streamflow monitoring and monitor well measurements indicate that no significant loss zones or water table lowering resulted from undermining the stream or the adjacent valley bottom area. Additionally, hydrographs for shallow near-stream wells exhibit fluctuations related to natural seasonal variations, which are nearly identical to those observed in a non-undermined control well in the same watershed. Environmental factors affecting streamflow were monitored through the use of a control stream in an adjacent non-undermined watershed to differentiate between natural and mining induced changes in flow.

Jan 1, 2001

By L R. Marshall, M J. Rubenach, T G. Blenkinsop, J S. Cleverley

The source and transport regions of fluidised (transported) breccias outcrop in the Cloncurry Fe-oxide-Cu-Au district, providing insights into the origins of other fluidised magmatic-hydrothermal breccias such as kimberlites. Discordant dikes and pipes with rounded clasts of metasedimentary calc-silicate rocks and minor felsic and mafic intrusions extend several kilometres upwards and outwards from the contact aureole of the 1530 Ma Williams Batholith into overlying schists and amphibolites. The brecciation initiated at depths >10 km and may have resulted in surface breaching. We used analytical equations for particle transport to estimate clast velocities (eÆ 20 ms-1), approaching volcanic ejecta rates (up to 80 ms-1). The wide range of CO2 fluid inclusion densities (up to 150 MPa), the localisation of the base of the breccias in contact aureoles, and the scale and discordancy of the bodies suggests the breccia transport process was triggered by an abrupt release of overpressured fluid. At these depths, such extreme behaviour may have been achieved by release of dissolved fluids from crystallising magma, in combination with a strongly fractured and fluid-laden source, sitting under a strong, low permeability barrier, and such parameters may be analogous to the asthenosphere/lithosphere boundary in the case of kimberlite initiation. The relationship of these breccias to the Ernest Henry iron-oxide-Cu-Au deposit suggests they may have been either fertile or æfailedÆ orebody feeders.

Jan 1, 2005

By J. R. Goode

Up to one half of neodymium and praseodymium production, key ingredients in permanent magnets, is produced illegally. About 60% of cobalt production, critical in lithium-ion batteries and other applications, comes from central African states, and much of it is produced illegally. Tantalum, important in modern electronics, is also primarily sourced from central Africa and, again, much of it illegally. Illegal mineral production, as exemplified here, is often used to fund armed conflict. Furthermore, it is typically conducted with scant regard for human rights and environmental protection. It also leads to depressed prices which in turn limits the possibility of legitimate producers entering the market. Systems of traceability and provenance, along with cooperative supply chain participants can limit the production of illegitimate material and thereby improve conditions in the countries of origin and reduce downward pressure on prices.

By Dennis Ofiara, Michael Lewis

An experimental 1.75 meter Shaft Boring Machine was designed and manufactured by The Robbins Company. The drill was used by contractor Drillcon Raise AB to drill test shafts at an SKB underground test facility. SKB is the Swedish authority responsible for safe management of nuclear waste materials. This “SBM1.8” Shaft Boring Machine was used to drill shallow test shafts ingranitic rock at SKB’s Aspo underground laboratory. The drill used a unique vacuum mucking system. The bored shafts were held to very strict tolerances for bore diameter, straightness, and verticality. This drill was launched and operated from a mobile launcher. Headroom and working space were limited. The SBM1.8 drill produced acceptable test holes. SKB will carry out several studies to determine the suitability of this geology, and of this technique, for safe nuclear disposal. In addition to future use at SKB, many applications are foreseen, particularly in the civil construction industry.

Jan 1, 2005

By Don Deardorff, Ke Yang, Yingcai Han, Ken Sorensen, Robert Kruger, Mark Petersen, Diane Fiorelli, Larry Goldfarb, Kathryn Petek, Kwabena Ofori-Awuah

Design of deep foundations for lateral loads requires an understanding of soil-foundation-structure response during loading. Lateral loads on a deep foundation (piles) could be due to earthquakes, winds, waves, and/or machine vibrations. Over the years, analysis of response of piles due to lateral loads evolved from closed-form solutions to p-y methods to strain wedge to finite element/finite difference modeling. Although analysis of lateral response of piles and shafts is routinely performed, there is no single guidance document and/or standard for design and testing. Several different analytical methods are available for the analysis, and the resulting design can result in significantly different responses which can create confusion. This is especially true for analyzing and designing piles in potentially liquefiable soils with lateral spread issues under seismic conditions.This guidance document is intended to assist geotechnical engineers, pile designers, and contractors in analysis, design, and testing of piles and drilled shafts for lateral loads. This document discusses the background of different analytical and testing procedures and presents the recommended methods for analysis, design and testing of piles for lateral loads.Chapter 1 defines the different kinds of lateral loads to which a single pile or pile group may be subjected. This first chapter also presents different types of piles used to resist lateral loads.Chapter 2 discusses geotechnical issues related to lateral pile design such as liquefaction and lateral spreading and other non-seismic issues. Also addressed in Chapter 2 is geotechnical site characterization (as related to lateral loads) in terms of site investigation, in-situ testing, geophysical testing, laboratory testing, and estimation of soil/rock properties.Chapter 3 discusses the background and available analytical methods and tools for the analysis and design of single piles and drilled shafts. Several methods of analyses from closed-form elastic solutions to the finite element/finite difference solutions and their applicability are discussed. Available commercial computer software packages for analyzing single piles and drilled shafts are also presented.Chapter 4 expands the discussion of single piles and drilled shafts into the analysis and design of pile groups. In addition, group effects, resistance of pile caps, results of previous experimental and analytical studies, and available analysis tools and software for pile groups are discussed.Chapter 5 presents the issue of lateral resistance of piles and drilled shafts as discussed in different national and international building and non-building codes. A summary of extensive research on several codes are presented to facilitate the compliance with different codes.Chapter 6 discusses structural design issues of individual piles and drilled shafts such as depth of fixity.Chapter 7 discusses soil structure interaction issues related to kinematic and inertial effects due to seismic loading and available methods of analyses.Chapter 8 discusses and presents the typical procedures for the lateral load testing of piles. This guideline was developed as an aid to the practicing engineer in providing information, direction and commentary on the lateral design of deep foundations. Although all reasonable effort has been made to accurately compile the material and information contained herein, no warranty is made with regard to any such material or information and the Deep Foundation Institute assumes no responsibility for any possible errors or any direct or indirect result of the use of any such material or information. It is not intended that this document address every factor affecting lateral design for every situation. Therefore it is the responsibility of the person utilizing information from this document to confirm that it is appropriate and correct for their situation as well as to understand and properly apply

Jan 1, 2012

Jan 1, 1994