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  • IMMS
    Halogens Geochemistry in Ferromanganese Crusts – Does The Electrochemical Model Apply?

    By Kira Mizell, James Hein

    "INTRODUCTIONThe majority of studies on the genesis of ferromanganese crusts focus on the adsorption and accumulation of metals, and therefore cations, especially those of economic interest. From thes

    Jan 1, 2017

  • IMMS
    Ecosystem Modeling For Impact Assessment Of Possible Methane Leakage During Methane Hydrate Utilization

    By Tetsuo Yamazaki

    Natural methane hydrate has been scientifically studied as a carbon reservoir globally. However, in Japan, the potential for energy resource has been industrially highlighted. There is less domestic

    Jan 1, 2005

  • IMMS
    Indian Underwater Mining Programme, Its Long Term And Short Term Objectives

    By M. Ravindran

    The Government of India started its deep seabed exploration programme during 1982. This programme was started as one of national importance and several national laboratories were involved to realize t

    Jan 1, 1994

  • IMMS
    Seabed Classification at Seafloor Hydrothermal Sulfides Fields Using Multi-beam Sonar

    By Tao Chunhui

    The seabed deposits type and distribution are very complex at the hydrothermal field. In this paper, we provided an approach to study the seabed deposits classification at the Precious Stone Mountain

    Sep 14, 2011

  • IMMS
    Relative Assessments Of Manganese Nodules And Co-Rich Crusts In South Pacific EEZ's

    By D. S. Cronan

    Studies on polymetallic manganese nodules and Co-rich crusts in the EEZ's of the Cook, Line, Ellice and Phoenix Islands between 0-20°S show that Ni and Cu reach their greatest combined abundances

    Jan 1, 1989

  • IMMS
    New Inactive Hydrothermal Site Discovered At 16° 38? N, MAR

    By G. Cherkashov

    A new hydrothermal field with massive sulfide deposits was discovered in 2004 at 16º 38.4?N, 46º 28.5?W on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Hydrothermal signals had already been recorded from bottom waters and

    Jan 1, 2004

  • IMMS
    Possibilities For Commercial Minerals In The Irish Offshore Area

    By M. Geoghegan

    Under the provisions of the U.N. Law of the Sea Convention Ireland is likely to have mineral rights to an area of continental shelf some six times its present land area. Apart from the major potential

    Jan 1, 1988

  • IMMS
    A Study on Processing of Seafloor Massive Sulphides from the Loki’s Castle Area at the Arctic Mid-Ocean Ridge

    By Kurt Aasly, Przemyslaw B. Kowalczuk, Rolf Arne Kleiv

    Seafloor massive sulphides (SMS) can serve as a potential resource of metals such as Cu, Zn, Au and Ag. SMS rock samples from the Loki’s Castle area at the Arctic Mid-Ocean Ridge are comprised of sulp

    Jan 1, 2018

  • IMMS
    Marine Diamond Mining - Now An Established Industry

    By Richard H. T. Garnett

    On the western continental shelf of southern Africa diamonds derived from onshore sources are concentrated in gravels within drowned terrestrial and marine geomorphological features. First discovered

    Jan 1, 1998

  • IMMS
    A Multidisciplinary Field Study of Cobalt-Rich Crusts, Tropic Seamount, North-East Atlantic: Marine E-Tech

    By Mark Lee, Isobel Yeo, Sarah Howarth, Christian Millo, Javier González Sanz, Paul Lusty, Bramley Murton, Pierre Josso

    "Seafloor cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts represent the most important yet least explored resource of ‘E-tech’ elements on the planet (Hein et al. 2003; ISA, 2008; Hein et al. 2010; Hein et al. 2013

    Jan 1, 2017

  • IMMS
    Commercial And Technical Realities Of Deep Ocean Mining

    By Jon Machin

    ?ORE? is defined as ?mineral/s that can be mined at a profit?. So, what is ORE at 2,000 m water depth? Is it 5% Copper or 1.8% Nickel/Cobalt? One of the key factors that determine what is ORE, pr

    Jan 1, 2004

  • IMMS
    Likely Directions In Deep Ocean Mining To 2010

    By David Heydon

    The big money is backing both manganese nodules and manganese crusts as the most likely deep ocean mining development by 2010, but seafloor massive sulphides of copper/gold/zinc offer an alternative b

    Jan 1, 2004

  • IMMS
    The Role of Bimodal Magmatism and its Products in Volcanogenic Massive Sulfide Ore-Forming Systems: A Case Study from the Middle Okinawa Trough, Japan

    By Toru Yamasaki

    "Bimodal lithostratigrafic assemblages are of significance in volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS)-hosted lithology. The largest deposits are either bimodal-siliciclastic or maficsiliciclastic, and the

    Jan 1, 2017

  • IMMS
    The Kermadec Arc: A Hot Prospect For Gold-Rich Massive Sulfide Deposits?

    By Cornel E. J. de Ronde

    Volcanic arcs, including both island arc and intra-oceanic arc systems, combined extend for ~22,000 km around the Earth, with the majority (~20,000 km) occurring in the Pacific basin. These arcs are

    Jan 1, 2002

  • IMMS
    Shallow Submarine Alkaline Volcanism And Hydrothermal Activity In The Tabar-Feni Island Chain, Papua New Guinea

    By Mark D. Hannington

    Results of the R/V Sonne Cruise (Edison) to the Tabar-Feni Arc from March 11 to April 5, 1994, a joint German-Canadian research cruise aboard the vessel R/V Sonne, undertook detailed mapping of the Ta

    Jan 1, 1994

  • IMMS
    Simple And Effective Sampling Methods For Marine Minerals Exploration

    By J. R. Woolsey

    The cost of an offshore exploration project is mainly dependent on the size of the vessel engaged for the work and increases dramatically with increasing size. Of the various factors influencing vesse

    Jan 1, 1986

  • IMMS
    Stakeholders’ Perspectives on Deep Sea Mining: A Case Study in Germany

    By Tina Schneider

    Scientists show that polymetallic nodules and massive sulfides from deep sea mining contain valuable metals. These metals have the potential to overcome future shortages of supply. Hence, companies, g

    Jan 1, 2018

  • IMMS
  • IMMS
    Managing Deep-Sea Exploration Programs from Concept to Success

    By Odyssey Marine Exploration

    Odyssey is a world leader in marine exploration and has undertaken expeditions in varying environments throughout the world addressing many commercial and regulatory demands. Odyssey works in a variet

    Jan 1, 2018

  • IMMS
    Geophysical Exploration And Resource Assessment Of Deepwater Polymetallic Sulfide Deposits, Papua New Guinea

    By M. E. Williamson

    From December 2004 through March of 2005 an extensive geophysical program was conducted to delineate polymetallic sulfide deposits in the Bismark Sea for a major mining concern. Deeply towed sidescan

    Jan 1, 2005