Search Documents

By B. E. Mix

THE present methods of unloading ore and coarse-crushing at the Magna plant of the Utah Copper Co. are the developments of the past five years. Hand dumping and breaking have given way to the rotary car dump and large gyratory; and the bucket elevators and stationary screens have been replaced by conveyors and shaking screens. The coarse-crushing plant may be broadly divided into two units: the primary crushing and the secondary crushing, or primary roll, unit. The former was erected in 1923; with the exception of the excavation, the construction was carried on by forces of the company. Excavation was started in the middle of March, the first concrete was poured July 16, erection of the steel building started Oct. 30, and the unit was com-pleted and operating Dec. 30. The unit has a capacity of over 24,000 tons of ore per day, and cost more than a million dollars. Remodeling of the primary-roll unit extended over a period of years preceding this, some of the work having been done as early as 1918.

Jan 8, 1925

Executive J V W. REYNDERS, Chairman WILLIAM H. BASSETT E DEGOLYER H C BELLINGER RICHARD PETERS. JR. Finance H. A. GUESS GEORGE OTIS SMITH, Chairman F. JULIUS FONS Admissions GEORGE D. BARRON, Chairman DAVID LEVINGER P. A MOSMAN El K MASTERS J. A. SINGMASTIIR Alternates F. G. BREYER C W HAMILTON F. E PIERCE

Jan 1, 1923

By Tom Westgarth

As papers are placed before you upon large gas-engines in Belgium and Germany, it was considered that some information should be given upon the same subject in Great Britain. I therefore agreed to compile these notes, which I have made very short in view of the somewhat full nature of the other papers presented to this meeting, and considering the complete nature of the many publications which have been made recently upon the subject of large gas-engines. I give below Tables I. to VI., showing the number and particulars of large gas-engines which have been built or are building by British makers, and in view of the growing size of gas-engines I have concluded that engines of less than 500 h.p. cannot now he included in the category of large gas-engines, and therefore I have not considered engines under that power. Table I.—-" Oechelhauser " Type Gas-Engines. Built or Building by William Beardmore Co., Limited, Glasgow Indicated ! Engines. Horse-Power Type. Nature of Work. Gas Used. 6 2,500 Twin cylinder. Dynamo. Producer. 1 in Single cylinder. Rolling-mill. Producer. 4 1,250 Twin cylinder. Dynamo. Producer. 2 1,250 Single cylinder. Dynamo. Producer. 4 625 Single cylinder. Dynamo. Producer. 1 625 Single cylinder. Rolling-mill. Producer. 1 625 Single cylinder. Air compressor. Producer. 2 500 Single cylinder. Air compressor. Producer. 7 500 Single cylinder. Cement-mill driving Producer. Total, 28 engines ; 32,600 indicated horse-power. * Presented at the Joint Meeting of the Iron and Steel Institute and the American Institute of Mining Engineers, London, July, 1906, and here published under a mutual agreement between the Councils of the two Institutes.

Jan 1, 1907

By AIME

The following corrections (in italics and bold face) were received too late for the September issue of Transactions: Page 270, Abstract, line 1, spelling should be goethite. Page 270, column 1, authors' box, authors' affiliations should read: L. A. BAKER, formerly Principal Research Scientist, is Pellet Plant Superintendent, Cliffs Western Australian Mining, Cape Lambert, W. A., Australia. C. G. THOMAS is Experimental Officer, Minerals Research Laboratories, C.S.I.R.O., North Ryde, N.S.W., Australia. R. J. CORNELIUS and K. S. LYNCH are General Superintendent, Product and Process Development, and Superintendent, Pellet Plant, respectively, Hamersley Iron Pty. Ltd., Dampier, W. A., Australia. G. J. ARMSTRONG, formerly Chief Metallurgist, Hamersley Iron Pty. Ltd., is Mill Superintendent, Samin Ltd., Burra, S. A., Australia. Page 271, column 2, line 41, should read "highest possible spalling temperature and to adjust the. . :' Page 275, column 1, line 1, should read "(LOI) figures are shown in Table 1 and vary from 2.61..." Page 275, column 1, line 16, spelling should be goethite. Page 276, column 2, line 6, should read "Predicting Grate Speed and Production Rate: The cor-..." Page 276, column 2, line 8, should read "basis of Blends A, B, C, D, and Plant Ore 1, shown in Table..." Page 276, Table 3, heading under "Prediction Method" should read Blend E. Page 277, column 1, line 38, should read "=293 tph of specification pellets (see Table 1 for loss-..." Page 277, column 2, replace caption for Fig. 14 with the following: Fig. 14-Example of calculation of hood temperature profile during downdraft free-water drying, given plant free-water drying time. Page 277, column 2, replace caption for Fig. 15 with the following: Fig. 15-Example of calculation of hood temperature profile during drying, given plant goethite drying time.

Jan 1, 1974

Payloader The Frank G. Hough Co. has made available another four-wheel drive tractor-shovel. It has a 1 cu-yd bucket with 60 hp Diesel or 54 hp gasoline power optional. The use of large pneumatic tires, same size all around, and drive on all four wheels gives this new Payloader traction to work effectively in sand, mud and snow, and travel on pavements with- [ ] out injuring the surface. Rear wheel steer with power booster plus short wheel base makes it easy to operate and highly maneuverable. Four speeds in both directions insure fast travel speeds for transport and fast operating speeds on shuttle loading or similar operations. Bulldozer blade, crane hook, fork lift and snow plow attachments are available, quickly interchangeable with the bucket to further increase its multi-purpose usefulness. Circle No. 1

Jan 1, 1952

By T. Sterry Hunt

THERE are about sixty bodies which chemists call elements ; the simplest forms of matter which they have been able to extract from the rocky crust of our earth, its waters, and its atmosphere. These substances are distributed in very unequal quantities, and in very different manners. As regards the frequency of these elements in nature, neglecting for the present those which constitute air and water, and confining ourselves to the solid matters of the earth's crust, there are a few which are exceedingly abundant, making up nine-tenths, if not ninety-five hundredths, of the rocks so far as known to us. The elements of which silica, alumina, lime, magnesia, potash, and soda are oxides, are very common, and occur almost everywhere. There are others which are much rarer, being found in comparatively small quantities. Many of these rarer elements are, however, of great importance in the economy of nature. Such are the common metals and other substances used in the arts, which occur in nature in quantities relatively very minute, but which have been collected by various agencies, and thus made available for the wants of man. It is chiefly of the well-known metals, iron, copper, silver, and gold, that I propose to speak to-night ; but there are two other elements not classed among the metals, which I shall notice for the reason that their history is extremely important, and will, moreover, enable , us to comprehend more clearly some points in that of the metals themselves. I speak of phosphorus and iodine. You all know the essential part which the former of these, com-

By T. Sterry Hunt

THERE are about sixty bodies which chemists call elements ; the simplest forms of matter which they have been able to extract from the rocky crust of our earth, its waters, and its atmosphere. These substances are distributed in very unequal quantities, and in very different manners. As regards the frequency of these elements in nature, neglecting for the present those which constitute air and water, and confining ourselves to the solid matters of the earth's crust, there are a few which are exceedingly abundant, making up nine-tenths, if not ninety-five hundredths, of the rocks so far as known to us. The elements of which silica, alumina, lime, magnesia, potash, and soda are oxides, are very common, and occur almost everywhere. There are others which are much rarer, being found in comparatively small quantities. Many of these rarer elements are, however, of great importance in the economy of nature. Such are the common metals and other substances used in the arts, which occur in nature in quantities relatively very minute, but which have been collected by various agencies, and thus made available for the wants of man. It is chiefly of the well-known metals, iron, copper, silver, and gold, that I propose to speak to-night; but there are two other elements not classed among the metals, which I shall notice for the reason that their history is extremely important, and will, moreover, enable us to comprehend more clearly some points in that of the metals themselves. I speak of phosphorus and iodine. You all know the essential part which the former of these, com- * An address before the Polytechnic Association of the American Institute, during the meeting of the American Institute of Mining Engineers in New York. Printed in this volume by request of many members.

Jan 1, 1873

By Paul C. Merritt

The story now unfolding on the Mesabi Range is more than just another chapter in the continuing history of iron mining. It is an epic of foresight, research and pioneering instinct just now culminating in the rapid growth of a new industry hardly more than ten years old. And that growth has been impressive. In the decade that has passed since Reserve Mining Co. blazed a trail as the first successful large- scale commercial taconite operation, the number of plants now existing or soon to be operating has grown to six. From Reserve's initial capacity of 3 million tons of pellets per year, total production capacity on the Range has surged to 31.5 million tons while capital investment has leaped from $300 million in 1955 to almost $1 billion today. During the past year alone, more than $500 million has been committed to these projects, an amount probably greater than that going into any other single mining area in the world. There is more yet to come.

Jan 10, 1965

By HENRY COLEMAN

WE as employees of these related companies, I am sure, are proud to be affiliated with them, and have great faith in the sagacity and fore- sightedness of our employers. Most of us here have been called into important positions in these organizations, and it should be our most earnest endeavor to sense and carry them out as if they were our very own. We have been asked to supervise and carry on a work over which our employers cannot personally watch. It has been well said that the most efficient organization is that which requires the least attention from its head. Because of the very nature and condition of our work, which separates us by many miles from our employers and makes it impossible for us to receive attention and instructions from the heads of our departments, save for occasional visits and correspondence, we are given a great opportunity to prove that we can be efficient workers without too much attention from the heads of our departments. There are few employees who cannot do their duty when it is laid before them in specific terms, and when their employers are always there to see that their plans are carried out. But the employee who is really giving efficient service sees his duty himself and willingly does it. '

Jan 1, 1931

By J. S. Owens, R. W. Marsden, J. W. Emanuelson, R. F. Werner, N. E. Walker

The iron ores of the Mesabi Range occur in a 340 to 750-foot thick, Precambrian cherty iron formation termed "taconite." For about 65 years, extensive natural iron ore bodies were mined, and the ores either shipped as a direct ore or processed by gravity methods to a shipping grade iron ore. Since 1956, magnetite taconite ores, occurring in magnetite-rich horizons in the Biwabik iron formation, have been commercially concentrated and agglomerated. The transition from natural ores to concentrating-grade ores is progressing rapidly so that, in the near future, a major percentage of the iron ore shipped from the Mesabi Range will be as iron ore pellets produced from taconite. Natural iron ores of the Mesabi Range occur in the Biwabik formation as trough ore bodies in elongated channels and as irregular and tabular deposits in fractured areas associated with faults and folds. Ore bodies range in size from a few thousand tons to hundreds of millions of tons and may occur in any part of the iron formation. In some areas of strong ore development, ore was formed from the hanging-wall argillite to the footwall quartzite. The natural ores and beneficiating-grade natural crude ores were formed by the oxidation of the iron minerals, magnetite, greenalite, stilpnomelane, minnesotaite, and siderite, to hematite and goethite and by the removal of much of the silica in the cherty quartz and in the associated silicates by leaching. The ores are believed to have formed by the oxidizing and leaching action of surface waters. Magnetite taconite ores occur as stratigraphic zones in the Biwabik formation where it contains sufficient magnetite to be concentrated profitably, by magnetic methods, to give a magnetite concentrate that is agglomerated into a high quality product. Unoxidized taconite has an extensive distribution away from and between channels of oxidation and leaching but only a part of the unoxidized taconite is of ore grade. Two general types of magnetite taconite ore occur: ( 1) magnetite taconite of the Main Mesabi Range, generally west of Mesaba, which is composed of magnetite associated with cherty quartz, greenalite, stilpnomelane, minnesotaite, and carbonates and (2) magnetite taconite of the Eastern Mesabi, generally east of Mesaba, composed of magnetite associated with quartz, cummingtonite, actinolite, ferrohypersthene, hedenbergite, fayalite, hornblende, pyroxene, garnet, and biotite. The Mesabi taconite is a metasediment derived from an iron- and silica-rich chemical sediment that has been regionally metamorphosed and, on the eastern end, additionally metamorphosed by the Duluth Gabbro Complex.

Jan 1, 1968

By B. A. Stainton, John D. Gill

OUR combined economic activities have as their goal the maximum of individual well-being and national security. In this age of intense international competition the two objectives are closely related. For many decades, the maximum of well-being and ability to maintain national security have moved generally upward. The best single measure-perhaps the only adequate measure -of the level of the rising goal is the per capita real national income (national income corrected for price changes). For centuries before the industrial revolution the income of the world's population changed little from generation to generation. In our country prior to 1800 the growth of national income was hardly measurable from decade to decade. Since 1850, perhaps since the "industrial revolution," the growth of per capita real income has been increasing geometrically. Of major importance is the accelerative growth of the productive ability of our economy. Inadequate consideration of its implications is partly responsible for periodic delays in solving our princi-

Jan 1, 1946

Joseph K. Stone, Jr. (Kaiser Engineers, Oakland, Calif.)—I would like to compliment the authors on their clear presentation of the results of their study of the pneumatic processes. We hope that the Inland Management decision to make this information available to all will induce others to release additional valuable fundamental data which they have accumulated in the field. There are two points upon which we would like to comment. In the discussion of Table VII it was indicated that the "oxygen consumptions were about the same as has been reported for other oxygen steelmaking processes". This conclusion is apparently based upon the consumption of 2100 cu ft per ton shown in Table VII. The data in Table IV also permits calculation of 2520, 2280, 2250 and 2700 cu ft per ton in heats 1 to 4, respectively. These figures are in the same general range as those reported for the Kal-Do and Rotor Processes using Thomas iron, but considerably above the following figures for four of the operating L-D Process Plants while using iron which is similar to American basic iron: Donawitz 1760 cu ft per ton Adapted from Cuscoleca' LinZ 1900 cu ft per ton Trenkler & Hauttmann2 Dofasco 1850 cu ft per ton D. O. Davis:3 In addition to the differences between the consumption of gaseous oxygen in the Inland operation and in the L-D Process, there is another closely related difference. The L-D plants for which data are cited are using approximately 1 pct ore while the authors' process used about 7 pct of sinter. Assuming 65 pct Fe in the sinter, the difference amounts to 400 to 500 cu ft

Jan 1, 1959

By F. R. Hensel

PURE silver and silver-lead alloys have been studied as to their suitability for bearings.1-8 A review of the properties of thallium and the silver-thallium constitutional diagram was made by the author to analyze the possibilities of silver-thallium compositions for antifriction materials.† The silver-rich end of the diagram as reported in the literature9-11 was found to be sketchy and it was necessary to carry out considerable experimental work to arrive at definite conclusions. Some of the results of this work are reported in this paper. TEST MATERIALS In the beginning of the work, only fused alloys were investigated. Later, research [TABLE I. Composition of Fused Silver thallium Alloys Tested for Antifriction Properties PERCENTAGE ALLOY No.OF THALLIUM 15330.48 153406 231 HT2.04 2312.10 232 HT3.83Balance 2324.07Silver 233 HT5.86 2336.38 2349.84 234 HT10.07] was carried out on electroplating methods and diffusion processes. In preparing the fused alloys, care was taken to exhaust the toxic fumes caused by the thallium content. The compositions of the series of fused alloys are listed in Table I. The silver-thallium alloys were melted in clay-graphite crucibles and cast into preheated steel molds of 3/4-in. diameter. In the cast condition, they showed a cored structure, as indicated by the micrographs of Figs. I to 3. The etching reagent used was a mixture of 2 grams K2Cr2O7, 8 c.c. H2SO4, and 100 c.c. H2O. The cored structure is unsatisfactory for the type of corrosion resistance required for bearing applications, and homogenizing experiments were carried out at various temperatures, the results of which are shown in Figs. 4 through 8. The alloys with a lower thallium concentration, which were heated for 2 hr. at 525°C. show an almost completely homogenized solid solution type of structure. With higher thallium concentration, the homogenizing temperature was dropped to 475°C. to eliminate the formation of a liquid phase. It is evident that heating for 2 hr. at this temperature did not result in complete elimination of the cored structure. As would be expected, cold-working of the cast structure is an expedient in establishing equilibrium conditions. The fine homogeneous grain structure shown in Fig. 7 corresponds to the cold-worked area under the Rockwell ball penetration when the hardness was taken before heat-treatment. A detailed structural study was made on a cast silver-thallium alloy containing 3.67 per cent thallium. Three micrographs (Figs. 9, 10 and 11) show the transition

Jan 1, 1945

By J. W. Downey, A. E. Dwight, R. A. Conner

THE MgCu2 type Laves phase has been observed in the thorium-osmium and thorium-iridium systems. Two alloys corresponding to ThOs2 and ThIr, were prepared by arc melting a 5-g charge in a water-cooled copper. crucible. Both alloys were very brittle. X-ray diffraction patterns were obtained using filtered Cu and Co radiation with a Straumanis-type DeBye-Scherrer camera. The a,, values as shown in Table I were obtained by a Nelson-Riley extrapolation. The structure belongs to space group Oh7-Fd3m. Relative intensities for each of these compounds were calculated on the assumption that 8 thorium atoms occupy (a) positions and 16 osmium or irid-ium atoms occupy (d) positions. The calculated intensities are the product of the Lorentz-polarization factor, the multiplicity factor and F', the structure factor, neglecting the absorption and temperature

Jan 1, 1959

By M. A. El-Aouar

Drilling muds are complex colloidal systems. In an effort to analyze the physical properties that affect their performance at high temperature, an investigation was made of the hydrothermal stability of the monoionic hydrogen, calcium and magnesium forms of montmorillonite and attapulgite. Samples were heated to 400°1F in a simple autoclave and analyzed for cation exchange capacity, c-axis X-ray diffraction spacing and pH factor us sodium hydroxide titration dependence. Out of the six monoionic clay minerals tested, calcium montmorillonite and magnesium attapulgite showed the least base exchange capacities and were relatively unaffected to heat. It is concluded that, of the six clays studied, these two clays were the most suitable forms for use in drilling fluids. INTRODUCTION The drilling of deep wells is dependent upon the drilling mud, and problems frequently arise concerning the effect of mud temperature and prolonged heating. Drilling muds are complex colloidal systems. In an effort to analyze their behavior in deep, hot boreholes, it was thought desirable in this investigation to study suspension of pure, monoionic montmorillonite and attapulgite clays before and after hydrothermal heating. Chemically, clays are hydrated aluminum silicates, such as montmorillonites and attapulgites. The structure of montmorillonite is composed of units made up of two silica tetrahedral sheets with a central alumina octahedral sheet. Attapulgite consists of double silica chains running parallel to the c-axis with the chains linked together at their longitudinal edges. The apexes of the tetrahedrons in successive chains point in opposite direc-tions.4,7,10 One of the most important characteristics of clay minerals is their property of sorbing certain anions and cations and retaining them in exchangeable state. The property of exchange capacity is measured in terms of milliequivalents (meq) per 100 gm of clay. The cation-exchange capacities are taken at pH 7 from titration curves which show the relation between pH and milliequivalents of added NaoH.9,11 The following are causes of cation exchange: (1) broken bonds around the edges of the silica alumina units would give rise to unsatisfied charges, which would be balanced by adsorbed cations; (2) substitution within the lattice structure of trivalent aluminum for quadrivalent silicon in the tetrahedral sheet and of ions of lower valence; and (3) the hydrogen of exposed hydroxyls may be replaced by a cation which would be exchangeable. The primary techniques employed to study the effects of hydrothermal treatment were titration curves and X-ray diffraction analyses. Titration curves were useful in characterizing the nature of the clay mineral surface and the stability of the various samples to attack by acid or alkali before and after hydrothermal treatment. X-ray diffraction analyses were used to determine changes in the nature and crystal structure of the minerals present and to determine the cations in exchange positions on the montmorillonite samples. EXPERMENTAL PROCEDURE PREPARATION OF SAMPLES Selected samples of Wyoming bentonite and attapulgite clay from mines along the Georgia and Florida border were purified by centrifugation to remove all particles larger than 2 microns. In preparing magnesium attapulgite, first a 1.00-normal solution of magnesium acetate was prepared. The pH of the solution was adjusted to 7.0 by adding magnesium oxide. One hundred grams of attapulgite clay were mixed in a blender for 30 minutes with the magnesium acetate solution. The attapulgite solution was left overnight, and then filtered in a Buchner funnel. The suspension was leached with further quantity of magnesium acetate solution and then washed with distilled water for 20 days, after which the filtrate was free from magnesium ions. The concentration of magnesium attapulgite in the clay slurry was adjusted and determined quantita-

By Robert T. Ault

The nature of fracture in unnotched tensile and notched tensile sheet and round specimens and V -notched and precracked Charpy-type sheet specimens of both wrought stress -relieved and re-crystallized molybdenum was investigated over the temperature range of -78° to 300°C. The sharp rise in fracture stress, for unnotched tensile samples, as the temperature is increased above the brittleness transition temperature (Tb), is found to be a result of an increase in flow stress due to plastic constraint and an increased strain rate which results from the onset of necking at Tb . Quasi-brittle fracture in notched tensile samples is found to occur when the tensile stress at the elastic-plastic interface, beneath the root of the notch, reaches a maximum critical value, which is independent of test temperature over the range from —78° to 25°C, but dependent on microstructure. In the temperature range between 150° and 300°C, unnotched tensile and notched tensile samples alike are found to fracture by a ductile fibrous tearing process which is discontinuous in nature, as a result of the competition between the processes of tearing, through continued plastic flow, and local work hardening. Results from the V-notched and fatigue-cracked Charpy-type impact tests demonstrate that crack initiation is the governing factor in the low-temperature (-78° to 25°C) fracture process for molybdenum. In recent years, there has been considerable interest, and a commensurate number of investigations, concerning the duc tile-to-brittle transition in refractory metals. There has not developed, however, a satisfactory explanation for the uniaxial tensile fracture-stress transition which accompanies the well-known ductility transition. This matter therefore warranted investigation. In a similar manner, the increased importance of notched tensile strength values in evaluating materials and in design criteria requires a better understanding of the factors which control the fracture behavior of notched tensile samples. In a previous investigation1 of the nature of initial yielding and fracture in notched sheet molybdenum at room temperature, it was suggested that plastic constraint was the controlling factor in governing the fracture behavior of notched samples. The final portion of this investigation was concerned with the fracture toughness of molybdenum. Of particular interest was the comparison of effective surface energies for fracture in V-notched samples with fatigue-cracked, Charpy-type samples in order to ascertain the relative importance of the initiation and propagation phases of the fracture process. MATERIALS AND TEST PROCEDURE Sheet tensile, notched tensile, and V-notched Charpy specimens were prepared from 50-mil, stress-relieved molybdenum sheet.* Half of these specimens were vacuum-annealed for 1 hr at 1200°C and 7.5 x l0-5 Torr and furnace-cooled to produce a relatively uniform grain size of 0.30 mm diameter. Round notched and unnotched tensile specimens were prepared from warm-rolled and swaged 5/8-in.-diam bar.* These specimens were vacuum-annealed for 1 hr at 1350°C and 5 x lom5 Torr and furnace-cooled to produce a grain diameter of 0.11 mm. Material analyses in ppm were: C N O H Sheet 290 10 4 1 Bar 50 30 30 2 The unnotched tensile sheet specimens had a 1/4-in. gage width and a 1-in. gage length. The unnotched tensile round specimens had a 9/32-in. gage diameter and a 1-1/4-in. gage length. The sheet and round notch tensile specimens are shown in Fig. 1. All of the notched tensile specimens tested were tandem-notched in order to study the location and mode of fracture initiation. The tandem-notched specimens were carefully machined so that the largest variation in notch depth on a single specimen was 0.001 in. Thus, when fracture occurs, the extent of plastic deformation that exists in the un-fractured notch section is that which exists just prior to fracture. All of the tandem-notched sheet specimens were electrolytic ally polished and chemically etched prior to testing. The V-notched Charpy-type specimens machined from the 50-mil sheet material had the standard dimensions of 2.125 in. long, 0.394 in. deep, and a 0.010-in. root radius. The unnotched tensile and notched tensile tests were conducted over the temperature range of -78° to 300°C, in a 10,000-lb Instron Universal Testing Machine, at a constant crosshead speed of 0.020 in. per min. The V-notched Charpy-type

Jan 1, 1964

The following is a partial list of members and guests who called at Institute headquarters during the period Sept. 10, 1917, to Oct. 10,1917. Thomas J. Adams, Rahway, N. J. Leon Root Long, Tirapata, Peru, So. Am. L. W. Bahney, Waterbury, Conn. F. M. McClenahan, Ben Avon, Pa. D. W. Brunton, Denver, Colo. E. Francis McCrossin, Birmingham, Ala. J. R. Buchanan, Pasadena, Cal. P. S. Moses, Savannah, Ga. R. C. Canby, Wallingford, Conn. William A. Nelson, Cartersville, Ga. Paul R. Cook, Zaruma, Ecuador. Edmund Newton, Minneapolis, Minn. F. Crabtree, Pittsburgh, Pa. Askin M. Nicholas, Porrington, N. S. W., J. T. K. Crossfield, Chuquicamata Chile. Australia. Wayne Darlington, Georgetown, S. C. E. G. Norton, Chicago, Ill. R. W. Deacon, Elizabeth, N. J. M. L. O'Neale, Coal City, .Ala. Alexander Deussen, Houston, Tex. W. E. Pomeroy, El Paso, Tex. G. G. Dobbs, Bessemer, Ala. Joseph P. Ruth, Denver, Colo. E. B. Durham, Canonsburg, Pa. Gustavus Sessinghaus, Denver, Colo. L. H. Duschak, Berkeley, Cal. A. L. Sweetser, Boston, Mass. F. A. Fahrenwald, Cleveland O. G. M. Taylor, Colorado Springs, Colo. A. H. Fay, Washington, D. a. Allan G. Waite, Dragoon, Ariz. C. L. French, Brooklyn, N. Y. H. Vincent Wallace, Los Angeles, Cal. Carlos F. Galan, Riverside, Mex. H. A. Wentworth, Boston, Mass. Herman Garlichs, St. Louis, Mo. Alfred W. G. Wilson, Ottawa, Canada. Ernest Klepetko, Anaconda, Mont. Samuel S. Wyer, Columbus, O. D. A. Lyon, Washington, D. C. M. M. Albertson has accepted a position with the McIntyre-Porcupine Gold Mines, Ltd., Schumacher, Out., Canada. James A. Block is now employed by the Ray Consolidated Copper Co., of Hayden, Ariz.

Jan 11, 1917

By John V. Beall

BROMO Seltzer blue has gone to war. The blue of the Bromo Seltzer bottle is a product of cobalt, the Nation's No. 1 strategic metal. When the National Production Authority, on Nov. 21, 1950, ordered a 70 pct cutback in domestic use of cobalt, a stab of pain was felt in the hearts of the glass, porcelain enamel, steel, paint, pottery, and electrical and electronic equipment industries. The reason: A full-scale wartime economy with astronomical requirements for jet engines, high velocity projectiles, armor plate, electronic equipment, and the many products needed to win a war. There is little potential comfort for cobalt users in nonessential manufacturing, and the military will be pinched for optimum supplies of the metal. However, if proper measures are taken immediately and current plans are completed, in two years there will be far more cobalt available than ever before. When normal times return, cobalt supplies should be sufficient to meet peacetime military requirements, and greatly expanded domestic requirements that will result from new technological development for wartime but adaptable to peacetime products. The pres-

Jan 1, 1951

Member ship L P MATHEWSON, Chairman GEORGE D BARRON LOUIS D HUNTOON JOHN A CHURCH, JR H N SPICER Alternates LEWIS W FRANCIS WILBER JUDSON F T RUBIDGE Increase of Membership JOHN A CHURCH, JR, Chairman Other members to be appointed

Jan 1, 1923

MRS. SIDNEY J. JENNINGS, President, MRS. ARTHUR S.. DWIGHT, First Vice-President, MRS. KARL EILERS, Second Vice-President, MRS. H. W. HARDINGE, Third Vice-President, MRS. BRADLEY STOUGHTON, Recording Secretary, MRS. AXEL 0. IHLSENG, Corresponding Secretary, MRS. ARTHUR S. DWIGHT, Acting Treasurer. Welfare Committee MRS. C. C. BURGER, Chairman, Sub-Committees Americanization Belgian Relief MRS. LEVI HOLBROOK, Chairman, MRS. HENRY H: KNOX, Chairman, Emergency MRS. HERMAN A. PROSSER, Chairman. Since the annual meeting held in February, 1917, when the Woman's Auxiliary to the A. I. M. E., was formed, the work of organization, which of necessity must be slow, has steadily gone forward. Under the Chairmanship of Mrs. C. C. Burger of the Welfare Committee, three active sub-committees have been formed: that of Americanization; under Mrs. Levi Holbrook, who is eminently fitted for such a position, by her active and valuable work in a number of the fine patriotic societies of our country; the Belgian Relief Committee, under Mrs. Henry H. Knox, which has clone phenomenal work in the three months of its existence, and whose report is later given in detail; and the Emergency Committee under Mrs. Herman A. Prosser, which has a fund already established, and is. in close touch with Major Arthur S. Dwight, ready to act when necessity arises. The officers of the Auxiliary feel more than gratified at the response so far received, and in a later issue will print extracts from letters, if permission can be gotten from the writers, showing the interest and enthusiasm that have beer aroused by the formation of a Woman's Auxiliary. Answers have even come from far Korea "the hermit nation," from Australia, from South America, showing what a bond of sympathy and, helpfulness is in process of growth. It is our sad duty to announce the death of our Treasurer, Mrs. George D. Baryon, who, from the very inception of our plan to organize, was an inspiring and valuable co-worker. Her place will be difficult to fill. Mrs. Arthur S. Dwight is Acting Treasurer at present. The Auxiliary wishes to express its heartiest thanks to Mr. Stoughton, the genial and efficient Secretary of the A. I. M. E., for his cooperation and valuable suggestions in the difficult work of organizing. He has indeed been "a guide, philosopher and friend." SUSANNE M. IHLSENG (MRS. AXEL 0.), Corresponding Secretary.

Jan 7, 1917