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By N. W. Bliss

"Bauxite has been the almost universal ore of aluminum for about 100 years, with most of the world's reserves oc¬curring in the developing countries. As a result of fiscal and political activities prompted in part by the energy crisis, the formation of the IBA combined with increasing freight and labour costs, these reserves are no longer as competitive or as secure as they once were. This has given fresh impetus to the development of processes for alumina production that utilize raw material other than bauxite. Canada has no bauxite and it is prudent to look for alter¬native raw materials within our own boundaries suitable for one of these processes.Of the three igneous rocks that have been used as a source of alumina, only anorthosite is considered as a potential source in Canada. The Al content would be extracted by a sinter process, which currently requires a raw material with a. minimum of 28% Al2O2. Thus, about 4 tons of anorthosite and 10 to 12 tons of limestone are needed to produce one ton of alumina. There are two petrologically distinct types of anorthosite, one containing the plagioclase andesine-labradorite and around 26% Al2O3, and the other containing upwards of 30% Al2O3, in by¬townite-anorthite; for our purposes they may be con¬sidered as low- and high-alumina anorthosite respectively. The high-alumina anorthosites are somewhat rare; the low-alumina anorthosites are much more common, partic¬ularly in Eastern Canada. Geologically speaking, there is no shortage of anorthosite in Canada. The reserves are im¬mense, although their low Al2O3 content coupled with con¬siderations of location, access and proximity to limestone could be constraints to their development. Fly ash from coal-fired thermal power stations and nepheline syenite can also be used in a sinter process, but neither is likely to be utilized in Canada in the immediate future.The H+ process utilizes an acid attack to leach Al from a raw material with at least 20% Al2O3. One of the best raw materials is kaolinite-bearing clay; not only is it high in Al, but most of it can be extracted. With the possible exception of the Whitemud clay in Saskatchewan, Canada is apparently deficient in clays with sufficient reserves to support an alumina plant utilizing the H+ process. Low-alumina clays with illite and montmorillonite may also prove to be a suitable raw material if advantageously sited with respect to industrial centers. The average shale con¬tains only 15% Al2O33, much of which may be contained in minerals, such as feldspar, not amenable to acid leaching. If shale is used as a source of alumina, it will be because it contains some other valuable commodity, such as oil or uranium, the extraction of which leaves the spent shale upgraded in extractable Al2O3 and lowers the over-all costs to a point where it is economic, Thus, rejects from coal washing plants are most commonly considered as a source of alumina; they are already mined, are available in large and ever increasing amounts, and may contain significant amounts of combustible material which upgrades the Al2O3, content of the resulting ash. Coal rejects from existing and developing coalfields in Alberta and British Columbia are a possible source of raw material, but present data indicate they may contain insufficient Al2O3."

Jan 1, 1976

By H. Marquis

This paper is concerned with an analysis of a number of failures of large-size, hypervelocity light gas gun chambers and barrels. A brief description of the light gas gun principle and of the various types of guns is first given. The failures and the investigations carried out are then described in detail, with the failures divided into two groups. The first group comprises those failures caused by certain conditions to which the guns may be submitted, and includes, for example, severe local heating of the bore surface causing hardening and cracking of the steel. These conditions were accidental and steps were taken to prevent them. The remaining failures were due to faults in the material or in the heat-treatment, manufacturing or assembling procedures. Specific problems, such as hydrogen embrittlement, and the use of high strength gun barrels above their ductile-brittle transition temperature by preheating prior to firing, are briefly considered. Some interesting observations are also presented on the use of surface markings, and angles of fracture of large fragments, as an

Jan 1, 1962

By D. E. M. Plaumann, B. S. Fee, R. D. Hansen, R. R. Klimpel

"The steps from experimental curiosity through to commercial product can be slow and tortuous in spite of the quality of the technological advances offered by the new development. Data generation and interpretation need to be done in lab tests as well as full-scale evaluations and, in each, the advantages of the new reagent must be clearly identifiable and measurable.The Dow Chemical Company has patented a novel new collector for the flotation of zinc. Fl (2-hexylthioethylamine hydrochloride) has several unique structural features that suggest atypical mechanisms for zinc collection. Laboratory data have demonstrated significant flexibility with respect to grade and recovery balance at dosages lower than those typically used for xanthates.In mill trials, the same phenomanon is evident - the choice between high grade and high recovery allows one to select the desired quality of zinc concentrate. One trial in particular was run over a three month timeframe and Fl gave improvements in recovery of 2.5% and a reduction in lead levels with less than 0.5% loss in grade. The dosages of other reagents in the flotation circuit were also reduced.Data demonstrating improved recovery and grade in lab trials will be discussed. Extensive data from the mill trial will illustrate how Fl works in both rougher and cleaner circuits."

Jan 1, 1990

By Chris Larsen, Carole Fortin, Dave Scott, Curtis Deredin, Ian Orford, Jean Guy Gauthier, Andy Trusiak, Lyne Côté, Mike Cooper

"Upon successful commissioning of the Stage Grinding Project (Cormier et. al., 2002), process improvements predicted through pilot plant testing were obtained in several flotation circuits, resulting in higher grades and recoveries for zinc and lead concentrates. Subsequent to establishing new baseline operating conditions from the Stage Grind Project implementation, additional opportunities were identified, and through the application of Six Sigma methodologies further gains were made. Six Sigma improvement projects were carried out in the copper-lead, zinc, lead upgrading and bulk flotation circuits. The overall performance increase resulting from incremental improvement projects has been substantial.Most remarkably, given the operational maturity up to the late 1980’s, the Brunswick concentrator team has continued to deliver a steady stream of major improvements over the past fifteen years. While senior managers and their programs have changed several times, there have been some critical constants over the long run. Common elements have been a commitment to team work, a commitment to recruit and maintain technical personnel, a structured business improvement framework supported organizationally by senior management, and focus on a few priority initiatives rather than trying to fix everything at once.The paper briefly discusses the longer term setting and then endeavors to illustrate, with examples, how improvements are presently achieved by applying the Six Sigma quality program.INTRODUCTIONThe Noranda Inc. Brunswick Mine, located near Bathurst, New Brunswick, is one of the world’s larger lead/zinc mines. Milling of ore began in 1964 from the No. 12 orebody, with an expansion in 1966 to accommodate ore from the No. 6 mine. In excess of 100 million tonnes have been milled to date. The concentrator employs differential flotation to produce lead, zinc, copper, and lead/zinc bulk concentrates. The ore is massive sulphide, with approximately 20% valuable minerals, 60% pyrite and 20% silicates."

Jan 1, 2005

By Don Langlois, Udo Weber

"The effect of grinding media performance on milling and operational behaviour was demonstrated under different selected milling conditions of calcium carbonate. A variety of grinding media material and bead sizes, along with 2 different stirrer tip speeds, were used in the grinding process to generate a particle size reduction of the calcium carbonate (CaCO3). To determine the optimum milling parameters the collected test data was used to calculate and evaluate specific energy as well as stress intensity under different milling conditions.INTRODUCTIONAs a result of increasing energy costs and raw material prices it is important to look at the efficiency of the manufacturing process. Wet grinding and ultrafine wet grinding in stirred media mills are now a possible cost-effective production step for the processing of industrial minerals and precious metals. The generation of smaller particle sizes (down to micrometer scale) can be advantageous for further production steps – i.e. better liberation of precious metals or improved industrial mineral qualities.In the following, the wet grinding process is investigated under different milling conditions of calcium carbonate. Different grinding media materials varying in specific weight, bead size and stirrer tip speeds are used to determine optimal energy consumption for the milling process.DESCRIPTION OF TEST CONDITIONS AND PARAMETERSMill ParametersTests were performed in a Drais Laboratory Perl Mill PML H/V with an installed electrical motor power of 3 kW. The mill chamber is silicon carbide where as the stirrer and discs are made of yttria stabilised zirconia. The mill working volume is 0.9 l. A screen cartridge with a screen size of 0.2 mm is used to separate the beads and slurry at the outlet of the mill. All tests were performed with a grinding media filling grade of 80% (Mill working volume). The stirrer tip speed was set at 6 m/s and 10 m/s."

Jan 1, 2009

By A. Becker, C. Gauvreau, L. S. Collett

"A scale model was designed to simulate the airborne Barringer INPUT time domain electromagnetic system. The amplitude of the response to a vertical conductive dyke varies considerably with the conductor's thickness conductivity product (TCP). The response increases from a minimum detectable level at a TCP of about 2 mhos, rises to its maximum value at a dyke TCP of 15 mhos and then falls again so that conductors with a TCP exceeding 500 mhos would probably remain undetected. Measurements made with both standard receiver coil configurations (maximum or minimum coupled) indicate comparable effectiveness for both systems, either from the viewpoint of vertical conductor detection or from the viewpoint of discrimination against overburden anomalies."

Jan 1, 1972

By K. Swedburg, M. Samuels

"The New Afton concentrator was commissioned in June 2012, reaching the design milling rate in September 2012. By late 2013, through a campaign of optimization and de-bottlenecking, it was recognized that the installed plant was capable of greatly exceeding the design throughput of 11,700 tpd. Because the value of the metal contained (by increasing the plant feed rate) exceeded the offsetting losses of copper and gold recovery (as the operation moved to a coarser grind), the concentrator feed rate was strategically increased with support of New Gold, while the operations team was given a mandate to evaluate, and then implement, flow sheet options that could re-establish the original design criterion grind target and achieve the corresponding improved recovery. Broadly, the two options implemented were the addition of a tertiary grinding stage consisting of Metso Vertimill® prior to rougher flotation (in order to address the grinding required at increasing throughput by increasing the power), and the addition of three Woodgrove Staged Flotation Reactors (SFR) added to the cleaner circuit after regrind of the rougher concentrate (to address the increased mineral loading to the cleaner circuit). Through test work, it was anticipated that the SFRs would be capable of achieving final concentrate grade in a single pass without the integration of recirculating loads, a strategy sometimes referred to pre-cleaning. This paper describes the expectations generated for the Woodgrove SFR unit operation through pilot plant testing on site, and compares those results with the performance of the expanded circuit that exceeded the original design criterion of P80 160 µm, which was commissioned in the second quarter of 2015.INTRODUCTIONThe New Afton concentrator, located near Kamloops, BC Canada, commenced operation in June 2012. The mill achieved the design throughput of 11,000 tonnes per day average during the month of September 2012 and, following various operational optimization efforts (O’Hara et al, 2015), achieved the design p80 grind size of 160 µm at the design milling rate in July 2013.During August 2013, trials were carried out to determine the throughput rate limits of the mill circuits and to evaluate mill metallurgical performance at higher rates. Milling rates up to 15,500 dmt per 24 hours were achieved during this trial, demonstrating potential capability for sustained milling rates exceeding the nominal design capacity. As was expected, the higher milling rates resulted in a coarsening of the grinding circuit product size, and resulted in marginally lower recoveries in the rougher flotation circuit. Despite the lower recoveries, the higher milling rates resulted in higher metal production and the financial analysis favored running at rates of at least 13,000 tonnes per operating day, with the higher cash flow in the near term offsetting the value of metal production loss at the end of the mine life (due to the short term increase in the rate of reserve depletion). Milling rates were sustained above 13,000 tonnes per day through the second half of 2013, and increased above 14,000 tonnes per day by mid-2014 (Figure 1)."

Jan 1, 2016

By M. N. Brodie

"The ability to adjust the speed of a SAG mill offers benefits to the process and to equipment maintenance. It can be provided with some slight effect on availability ranging from somewhat enhanced to somewhat reduced, depending on the particular equipment that is used. Several techniques have been developed for monitoring the magnitude of the contained charge, and several algorithms have been used to control mill feed rate and mill speed. The various benefits and the means by which they can be realized are examined and compared. Reasons for Variable SpeedProcess RequirementsThe recovery of minerals from ore is dependent on particle size and residence time in process. Separation in a given plant is most efficient at a particular rate and a particular size (e.g., 80% minus 200 mesh). If the particle size increases, less mineral will be liberated. If the particle size is significantly reduced, the process of choice may not be able to effect separation, and power, media, and maintenance costs would be increased.If a SAG mill-ball mill combination delivers the desired throughput at the correct size for efficient separation when processing ore of the design hardness, some adjustment must be made to maintain this condition when the ore changes. The processing of ore softer than design will result in overgrinding, unless:• the throughput is increased inversely to the change in hardness which lowers recovery by overloading the separation facilities;• or the SAG mill feed rate remains constant, but the speed is reduced to feed coarser material to the ball mill for finish grinding to the desired size.There is also the effect of changing milldiameter to consider. A nominal 36 ft diameter SAG mill will have an effective diameter of 35 ft with new liners and 35 ft 6 in. with worn liners. A mill designed to operate at 0.76 p.u. (per unit) of critical speed with new liners (9.84 rpm) will be changed to 0.765 p.u. with worn liners. If 0.76 p.u. is the desired value, the mill speed should be reduced to 9.77 rpm."

Jan 1, 2003

By T. Holmes, D. C. Russell, G. Jolly

"The AMEC Oakville office is involved in the design and construction of an iron ore concentrator located in Liberia. Currently, the site ships Direct Shipped Ore (DSO) to overseas customers. The DSO mine-site and port can experience heavy annual rainfalls. The IMSBC Code requires that cargoes are only accepted for loading when the moisture content of the cargo is less than its Transportable Moisture Limit (TML). The moisture content of the DSO has, on occasions, risen to near or above its TML. AMEC was asked to advise whether the concentrate produced from the new concentrator would or would not have the same problems with moisture content and ship loading as the DSO.INTRODUCTION Liberia was, at one time, the world’s sixth largest exporter of iron ore and used some of the most modern mining operations of their time. However, the country has not produced iron ore over the past seventeen years because of civil unrest. The return of stability to the country has allowed the redevelopment of the iron ore industry. ArcelorMittal Liberia (AML) obtained a concession for mining in the Nimba County area of Liberia (Figure 1) in December, 2004 and has studied the known iron ore deposits and former mining operations in this area. It began phase 1 operations in June 2011 with the direct shipping of high grade ore at a rate of up to 4Mtpa. The processing of the lower grade ore in phase 2 of the project requires additional processing capability to produce at the design rate of 15Mtpa. DSO and Concentrate The DSO in the first phase is selectively mined at an average grade of 60% Fe, and then crushed and screened to -10 mm with no washing or concentration. Testing of samples has indicated a size distribution that is finer than typical sinter feed material, although critical material below 0.10 mm is low in most cases, and overall the ore is coarser than typical concentrates or ultrafine products (Feasibility study report, 2011). The phase 1 DSO facility will cease operation after the phase 2 concentrator comes into operation."

Jan 1, 2014

By A. G. Doll

"Multi-stage crushing plants, including high pressure grinding roll (HPGR) circuits, require more materials handling equipment than SAG and ball mill circuits. A temptation exists to neglect the energy consumption of materials handling when doing desktop comparisons of HPGR versus SAG milling circuits because estimation of materials handling power requirements can demand significant general arrangement drafting that is not available when performing preliminary scoping or ""desktop"" studies.The largest component of materials handling power is consumed by conveyors when lifting material between stages of crushing, meaning that a simple potential energy model can be used to evaluate conveying specific power consumption. This potential energy consumption for conveying can then be factored to provide overall materials handling specific energy consumption suitable for desktop studies of HPGR and other multi-stage crushing circuits. The technique also permits different crushing circuit flowsheets to be evaluated, at a preliminary level, by simply counting the number of times a conveyor must ""lift"" ore from ground level up to a bin or other equipment mounted up high.INTRODUCTIONTrade-off studies of multi-stage crushing plants involving high pressure grinding rolls (HPGRs) versus semi-autogenous grinding (SAG) mill circuits typically focus on the operating cost savings of crushing plants versus the capital cost savings of SAG mill plants. Very high-level (or desktop) studies of this type do not include a great deal of engineering work, meaning that the details (and costs) of ancillary systems are often not captured when doing the comparisons. The more complicated nature of the multistage crushing plants means there are more ancillary systems than a SAG mill plant, risking a skewed analysis of the operating costs, benefiting the HPGR option.One of the ancillary systems that may be overlooked is the more complicated conveying systems inherent in multi-stage crushing plants. Due to the mass of material being handled in large mining operations, these conveyors become a significant portion of the operating costs. A simple way to estimate the specific energy consumption of conveying systems without requiring engineering drawings and a site layout would allow high-level studies to capture this operating cost."

Jan 1, 2015

By Robert Boyd

The Diamond Markets ? Supply has continuously increased over the past 25 years ? However, global supply is expected to drop by 1 to 2% by 2015 ? Demand Driven Market ?Demand is expected to grow 3% annually through to 2015 ? Supply Squeeze Anticipated (2010 to 2015) ? Consumption is exceeding rate of discovery, mine development and reserve replacement ? These fundamentals are driving increased capacity and production at existing mines in South Africa, Botswana and Russia and new areas such as Canada ? Canada is now the third largest diamond producing country in the world ? These fundamentals are also driving record levels of exploration expenditures throughout the world with particular focus on Africa and Canada

May 1, 2006

By J. B. Morrow

Methods of Coal Preparation Fundamentally, the object of coal preparation is to increase, economically, the value of a fuel by making it more suitable to the uses of the consumer. This can be accomplished in three major ways: 1.Screening or sizing 2.-Mixrng or blending 3.-Cleaning By combinations of any or all of these methods we can prepare coal to meet standard specifications-a process of standardization which is the more desirable the more nearly it approaches the unvarying quality of packaged goods, where the package you buy today and tomorrow is the same as that you bought yesterday. It should be noted that it is readily possible to get good cleaning and still have poor preparation because of faulty screening and mixing, and, on the other hand, it is possible to get a passable grade of cleaning, combined with good screening and mixing facilities.

Jan 1, 1931

By Patrick Polk

For many years, sulfuric acid producers all over the world have been forced to meet ever more strict environmental regulations to reduce SO2 emissions. The sulfuric acid industry has implemented new solutions in order to comply with the new lower SO2 emissions target. Haldor Topsoe (Topsoe) has responded to this challenge by continuously improving the range of VK sulfuric acid catalysts and providing tailor-made catalyst solutions to meet the demands of the sulfuric acid producers for lower SO2 emissions. Reducing emissions through catalysis: requires less capital than installing a scrubber, requires no additional process chemicals, generates no waste or by-product to dispose of. In 1996 Topsoe introduced VK69, a cesium-promoted vanadium catalyst, designed for operation in the pass(es) after the intermediate absorption tower in double absorption plants. The high activity of VK69 allows for a more than 50% reduction in SO2 emissions from existing double-absorption plants. Topsoe currently has more than 110 installations of VK69. To comply with the still more stringent regulations being placed on the sulfuric acid industry to lower SO2 emissions, Topsoe has developed a new sulfuric acid catalyst designated VK-701 LEAP5™. This catalyst was introduced to the market in 2010. VK-701 LEAP5™ is based on a novel technology which circumvents the internal transport deficiencies of existing commercial sulfuric acid catalysts and thereby offers exceptionally high activity in strong, SO3 rich gases. Sulfuric acid plants have used this catalyst to meet emissions requirements lower than previously believed possible with a catalyst only solution. This paper will present examples on how to reduce emissions by implementing a tailor-made catalyst solution using VK69 and VK-701 LEAP5™.

Jan 1, 2014

By Jim Sadowski, Steve Stewart, Bob McMurdy, Martin Nevens

"Mohawk Garnet has been operating a small pilot plant near Sudbury, Ontario for several years attempting to produce commercially viable garnet. The challenges of operating a pilot scale mining, processing, and product handling operation as a full time plant have led Mohawk Garnet to seek a better way. In co-operation with Mohawk Garnet, Outotec (USA) Inc. has taken on the technical and design challenges of increasing garnet product from twenty tonnes per day to two hundred tonnes per day.Outotec performed a comprehensive test and flowsheet development program applying Outotec’s density separators, spirals, flotation, and other technologies to design a successful process for the separation and recovery of the valuable garnet for Mohawk.This paper explores the test program, the process flowsheet development work, plant design and preliminary engineering of a new garnet processing. The various technical challenges, process technologies involved, and design concepts will be discussed.INTRODUCTIONMohawk garnet has been operating a small-scale garnet mine and process plant in Wahnapitae, Ontario near Sudbury.The current operation was intended to be a pilot plant and so only produces 20-25 tonnes of garnet concentrate per day. The garnet is bagged and sold for use as abrasive. The process is inefficient with low yields, poor material handling and very high cost per tonne. Mohawk garnet approached Outotec to help them improve their garnet process and transform themselves into a larger scale and more efficient operation."

Jan 1, 2010

By F. R. Erick Mulder

"AbstractTwo bottom-hole samples have been taken from two new completions in the Turner Valley field, Royalite Lowery No. 8 on the west flank and Royalite No. 73, which was deepened into a lower fault block, on the northeast flank. From the bottom-hole oil of Royalite Lowary No. 8 a synthetic sample was prepared to simulate the original fluid in the reservoir, saturated at the gas-oil contact conditions. The sample from Royalite Lewery No. 8 has been shown to be the original fluid present at this well and represents the oil phase near the oil-water contact in• the reservoir. Complete chemical analysis, P.V.T., and viscosity data have been obtained on these reservoir fluids, which represent the range of saturation from the gas-oil to the oil-water contact in the Turner Valley oil structures. Sampling techniques and the application of the analytical data to reservoir conditions and field operations are discussed. Super-compressibility curves for an average separator tail gas have also been prepared. These data have not been available before. They will be of fundamental value in futu.re reservoir engineering studies of this field and will also serve as a guide in determining operating practices."

Jan 1, 1950

By E. Sharifi

Advanced Process Control (APC) has been one of the most beneficial tools in the past decades available to minerals processing industry. Low capital cost together with significant improvements in process optimization have made APC an attractive investment option for nearly all mineral processing units. During economic downturns, importance of process optimization becomes even more relevant as metal producers tend to target de-bottlenecking and process efficiency improvements rather than large-scale capacity upgrades. APC project clearly has a lot of potential to improve process performance but there are also some pitfalls to be identified and avoided in order to achieve a desired outcome. Above all, APC project implementation is collaboration between the system vendor and user. Targets for the optimization must be agreed together with the customer and process performance must be defined before and after the optimization project. Most importantly, performance of the process must be monitored on a continuous basis during and after the project and potentially improved further. This paper discusses Outotec’s experiences from various concentrator optimization projects. Some examples are discussed in more details; however, the main target is to present general guidelines enabling a successful APC project implementation.

Jan 1, 2014

By K. Yamaguchi, Sekimoto. H.

"Platinum Group Metals (PGMs) used as catalyst which reduces toxic substances in emission gas exhausted from an automobile should extensively be recycled because they are rare metals produced only at the limited regions. The recycling process is to smelt an alumina honeycomb, in which PGM is built, in molten iron with flux such as lime and silica to separate them. PGMs are concentrated in molten iron while alumina in slag.The objective of this study is to understand the factor to concentrate PGMs in liquid iron as much as possible. Fundamental research of the distribution of the PGMs between the slag and liquid iron was carried out to recover the value metals of platinum, palladium and rhodium from the three-way auto catalyst. The distribution ratios of platinum, palladium and rhodium between the Al2O3-CaO-SiO2 slag and liquid iron are from 10-6 to 10-5, and these are concentrated in comparison with slag phase by about 1 million times to the liquid iron at 1873 K. The distribution ratios of platinum between the FexO-CaO-SiO2 slag and liquid iron decrease from 0.1 to 2?10-4 with increasing the CaO content in the slag. The CaO addition to the FexO unary slag is effective in concentrating platinum in molten iron.Based on the distribution ratios obtained in this work, recovery of PGMs was determined. The recovery of platinum, palladium and rhodium increase with increasing the mass ratio, Mmetal/Mslag. In the case of the conditions of Mmetal/Mslag = 0.04, the recoveries of PGMs showed more than 99.97%. The use of liquid iron and carbon saturated liquid iron as the collector metal is advantageous for the PGM recycling of the three-way auto catalyst. We found that PGMs are enriched to the molten iron or the carbon saturated iron and the slag loss of PGMs is negligible small."

Jan 1, 2014

TABAKOTO / SEGALA ? Annual gold production approximately 100,000 oz ? Debt free ? Unhedged ? Combined surface reserves 949,000 oz ? Combined 9 year life Tabakoto open pit reserve 568,000 oz (3.4m tonnes @ 5.26 g/t Au) Segala open pit reserve 381,000 oz (3.98m tonnes @ 2.98 g/t Au)

May 1, 2006

By W. J. Pearson

"""POTASH"" is a term applied to the compounds of the element potassium (K) and when used in agriculture and industry is ex-pressed in terms of potassium oxide (K2O), regardless of the actual com-position of the compound. When a chemical analysis is made of a fertilizer, the amount of K is deter-mined and then calculated to the equivalent amount of K2O. However, the compound K2O does not exist in nature. Most of the world's potash supply is derived from mineral deposits similar to those in Saskatchewan and New Mexico. However, there is some production from concentrated surface brines such as occur in Searles Lake, California; Salduro Marsh, Utah; the Dead Sea; and from well brines in Micl1igan."

Jan 1, 1960

By Vahid Faghihi

SatraPM is a web-based software package, aiming to help project managers to easily handle their construction projects via internet. This software is capable of handling all projects of an organization, in which all projects can be defined in EPS the same as users in OBS. A 3D accessing module links EPS, OBS and inherent functions in order to provide a secure environment for the data to be processed throughout the system. This paper intends to take a deeper look at capabilities of SatraPM in helping project managers to keep track of and control their construction projects as well as its potential future features.

Aug 1, 2013