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By Christian Wawrzyniak

An analysis method for modeling compensation grouting based on the finite element method is presented. By this method the design parameters of compensation grouting, grouting pressure and grouting volume, can be evaluated. Also the subsidence of a building due to tunnel driving as well as the lifting of the building by compensation grouting can be simulated. The stress changes in the tunnel lining and in the foundation of the building are computed as well. The application of the analysis method is demonstrated on two examples for compensation grouting in combination with construction of tunnels.

By Stephen Hammond

?Our own prejudices form the greatest barrier to creating an inclusive working environment.? Have you witnessed? Racism or Negative Comments about an Aboriginal Person? ?You are free to compete with all the others?, and still justly believe that you have been completely fair.? Lyndon B. Johnson

May 1, 2008

By André Santos Caires de Sousa

As equipes de manutenção das pontes de Vega não possuíam uma ferramenta de armazenamento de dados de longo prazo, que permitisse analise de falhas e a avaliação das condições operacionais necessárias à manutenção preditiva. Com essa deficiência, as condições de ocorrência de paradas não programadas eram favorecidas. Fazia-se necessário uma ferramenta que permitisse o desenvolvimento de aplicações mais sofisticadas para monitoramento de equipamentos das Pontes Rolantes, além de que todo diagnóstico realizado era localmente na ponte e com as informações atuais (posteriores ao evento ocorrido). Após a implantação os ganhos foram satisfatórios, reduziu-se o tempo de atendimento das ocorrências, a planta se adequou ao padrão mundial de Prevenção de Fatalidades do grupo ArcelorMittal, reduzindo o trabalho em altura, exposição do executante ao risco, custo de manutenção e quantidade de paradas não planejadas, além de suportar o foco na manutenção preventiva e preditiva.

Oct 30, 2017

By George A. Lawrence, J. C. McHardy

"Field operating experience with an improved flotation mechanism for handling various flotation applications is covered in this paper. Some aspects of designing flotation machines are also presented. Operating data from extensive testing of commercial size equipment under actual plant operating conditions in the following applications is detailed:1. Copper Flotation2. Fine Coal Flotation3. Base Metal Sulfide FlotationDesign features, design improvements, modifications tested, and overall performance data are reviewed. Some mecl1anical performance data as well as metallurgical performance results are presented. Some comparisons with conventional flotation equipment are reported in this paper.Flotation sizing theories are reviewed and an actual equipment selection ex2.mple is presented. Scale-up criteria used for developing large cells are briefly covered.The paper concludes with a brief review of anticipated future flotation equipment design needs. IntroductionThe mining/milling industry is faced with increasing pressure to cut costs while maintaining product quality and indeed, in some instances, expanding production. For copper, nickel, iron, molybdenum, lead and zinc sulphides, coal, phosphate and some other minerals;, flotation remains the primary method of concentration and recovery of the valuable mineral away from the gangue. Cost reduction in flotation can be broadly focused on two areas:1. Flotation Chemicals2. Flotation Equipment"

Jan 1, 1985

By G. L. Oldwright, F. K. Shelton, W. E. Keck

"INTRODUCTION Zinc must be of high grade to satisfy the present demand. Even when the amount of premium paid is small, the purer metal as the buyers' preference. The following specifications for spelter were taken from the American Society for Testing Materials for 1927, Part I, pane 524. (The specifications for 1930, p. 582, are tile same.)Another specification for zinc of a much higher grade than any of the above has been established lately by the same society. The committee on zinc die-casting (Proc. Am. Soc. Test. Mat., vol. 31, 1931, p. 263) reached the following, conclusions: I. ""That the purest of zinc is necessary to produce stable zinc-base die castings, and as a result requested specifications for zinc spelter .with total impurities not over 0.02 percent."" Their tests showed that the die castings made of the purest zinc had the least elongation and the greatest tensile strength, and exhibited the least changes with temperature.Still more far-reaching claims are made for the properties of zinc containing over 99.99 percent metal. Zinc foil, for instance, may someday be made as a common commercial product. It would seem likely that the demand for zinc of high grades rill continue and that even purer varieties may be desired. This demand fits in with the modern trend in manufacturing plants of reducing the number of variables to a minimum by using pure materials, and of controlling the processing of metals during their various stages of fabrication by mechanical means instead of by expert laborers."

Jun 1, 1933

By W. Wittke

SUMMARY: Geotechnical problems often lead to an increase of construction time and costs for large highway and railway projects. Some reasons, which have led to failures and thus to a delay of construction works as well as to increasing costs, are demonstrated by means of case histories, in which the author was involved as expert or planner. Proposals are made how to identify the reasons and to avoid repetitions. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG: Bei Großprojekten der Verkehrsinfrastruktur stehen häufig geotechnische Aufgabenstellungen im Vordergrund. Wegen geotechnischer Probleme kam und kommt es häufig zu Termin- und Kostenüberschreitungen. Anhand einiger Beispiele, bei denen der Autor als Gutachter und Planer beteiligt war, wird gezeigt, welche Ursachen zu Schadensfällen und damit auch zu Termin- und Kostenüberschreitungen geführt haben. Es werden Hinweise und Anregungen gegeben, wie die Ursachen erkannt und Wiederholungen von Schadensfällen vermieden werden können. RÉSUMÉ: À grands projets de l'infrastructure de la circulation, souvent des tâches géotechniques sont au premier plan. Par suite de problèmes géotechniques, souvent des dates et frais ont été dépassés. Au moyen de quelques exemples, à lesquels l'auteur participait comme expert et planificateur, les causes sont mises en vue qui menaient à des cas de dommage et par cela aussi à des dépassements de dates et frais. Des indications et suggestions sont données pour s'apercevoir des causes et éviter des répétitions de cas de dommages.

Jan 1, 2003

By Zirlene Alves da Silva Santos

O desgaste abrasivo é o principal responsável por quebras de equipamentos e, como consequência, paradas não programadas para manutenção; pois causa a perda progressiva de material das partes móveis em contato e movimento relativo. O presente estudo analisa o desgaste abrasivo na superfície do rolete de carga dos transportadores de correia. Para a análise foi utilizado o equipamento abrasômetro do tipo roda de borracha conforme norma ASTM G65. Os procedimentos de ensaio contemplaram: o corte de quatro corpos de prova de aço 1020, limpeza, pesagem - utilizando balança de precisão, avaliação superficial com rugosímetro e ensaio de dureza. Dois corpos de prova foram revestidos com a tinta Laranja Munsell 2,5YR6/14m, para simular as condições de campo. Em seguida, foi realizado ensaio no abrasômetro ASTM G65; utilizando o procedimento “A” previsto na norma ASTM G65 - classificado como desgaste severo com carga de 130N. Logo depois, foi calculado o volume de material perdido e a taxa de desgaste. Os resultados obtidos nos ensaios possibilitaram concluir que, o desgaste predominante na superfície dos roletes de carga é o abrasivo por 3 corpos, em função, principalmente, do transbordo de minério do processo. A superfície do corpo de prova, sem revestimento, apresentou uma perda de material que compromete a vida útil do rolete e da correia. Já, na amostra revestida, foi possível observar que o desgaste abrasivo por três corpos ocorre, mas é reduzido consideravelmente; isso pode ser explicado pela diminuição da rugosidade superficial.

Oct 30, 2017

Roasting of a Copper Sulfide Concentrate

Sep 13, 2010

By D O’Dea, B Godel, T Honeyands, B Ellis, T Harvey

X-ray computed tomography (XCT) is a non-destructive technique that allows the exploration of the internal structure of solid objects in 3D. Over the past ten years, the combination of XCT with more conventional 2D techniques and quantitative 3D image processing and analysis (commonly referred to as digital rocks) has allowed us to address some of the most challenging problems in ore deposit studies. The range of X-ray energies used in XCT allows the X-rays to be transmitted through complex and dense materials including iron ores (eg sinters, lumps, granules). Recent high-resolution XCT scanners have the ability to generate multiscale (25 down to 0.3 µm voxel size) imaging of a given sample enabling the characterisation of 3D textures across a range of scales. This paper will focus on the application of digital rocks to iron ore sinter particles (using filtered polychromatic X-ray beam). The paper is divided into three parts and includes: i) details on the methodologies including their benefits and limitations and the effect of spatial resolution; (ii) the quantification of pore network topology and pore characteristics (eg open versus closed pores, pore size distribution and pore morphologies; degree of connectivity of the pore network and its tortuosity); and (iii) the evaluation of the technique to characterise various phases within the material and quantify 3D mineral textures.CITATION:Godel, B, Ellis, B, O’Dea, D, Honeyands, T and Harvey, T, 2017. Digital rocks for iron ore sinters – towards a D quantification of sinter textures, in Proceedings Iron Ore 2017, pp 529–534 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne).

Jul 24, 2017

By André de Albuquerque Vicente

Foram estudadas as microestruturas de quatro juntas soldadas de aço inoxidável austenítico produzidas através do processo MIG/MAG com diferentes gases de proteção, dentro de um projeto que visava estudar o comportamento de juntas soldadas de aços inoxidáveis austeníticos a altas temperaturas. Utilizou-se o metal de adição 22.12.HT e diferentes gases de proteção: 100% Ar, Ar + 2% CO2, Ar +4% CO2 e Ar + 20% CO2. Para cada mistura gasosa, foi soldado um corpo de prova. Estudouse a variação das frações volumétricas de ferrita delta em função dos diferentes gases de proteção utilizados. Observou-se aumento no teor de carbono e consequente diminuição das frações volumétricas de ferrita delta nos metais depositados com gases de proteção com maiores concentrações de CO2, evidenciando-se que o carbono é um forte estabilizador da austenita nos aços inoxidáveis austeníticos.

Aug 17, 2017

By C. E. Reistle

The tests reported in this paper were made in the East Texas field in the summer and fall of 1932 as a part of the Bureau of Mines study of the operation of flowing wells and reservoir performance; and to determine, if possible, the minimum reservoir pressure necessary to produce the wells in this field by natural flow through different sizes of flow strings. The minimum reservoir pressure that would be required to maintain natural flow through 2 1/2-inch tubing was determined experimentally for the existing energy conditions in the East Texas field. With the present available data, however, it 'is impossible to predict accurately or to determine by calculation the necessary energy requirements for maintaining the vertical flow of oil and gas mixtures under all conditions. Although some valuable data were obtained which seem to have application to the solution of problems involving vertical flow, this important research of the petroleum industry is so involved that more study of the complicating factors influencing the flow of oil-gas mixtures through vertical pipes is required. Versluys4 has presented a mathematical analysis of the vertical flow of oil and gas mixtures which covers the fundamental theories of the problem-although, as he points cut, there are factors, particularly friction, slippage, and solubility of the gas in the oil that must be mown or determined experimentally before the equations he has developed can be applied to actual

Jan 1, 1933

This paper describes the behaviour, under creep conditions, of a cast lead creep specimen consisting of five crystals, the boundaries of these crystals being substantially at right angles to the direction' of tension, i.e., across the long axis of the specimen. This particular specimen was obtained in an attempt to produce a single crystal in the manner described in the appendix of a previous paper (1).Thus, the specimen was of the same shape and size, was composed of the same purity lead and received the same preliminary treatment as the single crystal test-pieces.The object of the experiment was mainly to observe the effect of the crystal boundaries on both the deformation of the test piece and the process of recrystallisation and to compare the creep rate of the test-piece with that of a specimen consisting of one crystal only.EXPERIMENTAL METHODThe specimen had an effective test length of 10 cms. and a cross $ection of 0·5 in. x 0·25 in. In Fig. 1 is given a sketch of the specimen to scale showing the positions of the crystal boundaries on all four surfaces. Except for those of crystal No. 4, which was confined to approximately one-half the cross section of the specimen, the boundaries of each crystal traversed the four faces.The specimen was mounted in exactly the same manner as the single crystal specimens. During the creep test, it...

Jan 1, 1941

By Matheus Teixeira Fraga

É comum o uso de modelos matemáticos no intuito de prever a qualidade do coque, sendo a maioria dos modelos atualmente disponíveis baseada nas propriedades dos carvões. Para este trabalho foram feitas misturas binárias e ternárias de carvões com variados teores de matéria volátil, a fim de se produzir coque em escala laboratorial. A reatividade ao CO2 em termobalança e resistência mecânica em tambores foi avaliada. Dois modelos para previsão de indicadores de qualidade do coque foram avaliados, o modelo aditivo e o modelo de interação. A partir da metodologia desenvolvida em laboratório foi possível produzir, avaliar e comparar coques feitos a partir de diferentes carvões e misturas. O modelo aditivo mostrou uma boa capacidade de prever a reatividade dos coques. No entanto, para os índices derivados dos testes de tambores os valores calculados mostram uma diferença importante em relação aos experimentais, indicando interação dos carvões no processo de carbonização. Nos resultados do modelo de interações, os valores calculados para reatividade e resistência mecânica, se comparados com os resultados do modelo aditivo, mostraram uma melhora na capacidade de previsão da qualidade do coque. O modelo de interações se apresenta como uma ferramenta interessante na seleção e mistura de carvões.

Aug 17, 2017

Core samples, which were collected by the author from the Busang prospect, East Kalimantan, reflect a progressive evolution of a large magmatic-related hydrothermal system that is comparable to that encountered in many similar systems elsewhere in the Pacific region. The initial, localized deposition of sheeted porphyry quartz-molybdenite veins took place at high temperatures and fluid salinities, and at relatively deep levels. This was followed by an extensive phase of phyllic (sericite-quartz-pyrite ¦ tourmaline-apatite) wallrock replacement and vein formation. Propylitic (epidote-chlorite-carbonate-quartz) alteration was formed marginal to the phyllic assemblages. These porphyry-related events were centred in the Southeast Zone, and are probably associated with the emplacement of a felsic intrusion at depth. This event contributed only trace gold to the system. The early stages of hydrothermal activity were followed by an episode of quartz (¦ adularia) û carbonate û base metal sulfide veining, which was accompanied by argillic (illitic-kaolin clay) wallrock alteration. This event was sulfide-rich in the Central Zone and carbonate-dominated in the Southeast Zone. Gold mineralisation was observed in Central Zone drillcore to be associated with both sulfide, as well as carbonate, deposition. A final stage of epithermal-style quartz ¦ stibnite û realgar veins are, in the Central Zone, locally gold-bearing. The latter two events are interpreted to be associated with the late-stage exsolution of metal-bearing brines from the felsic intrusion that formed the earlier porphyry quartz-molybdenite veins and widespread phyllic-propylitic alteration.

Jan 1, 2002

By Kwangmin Kim, Junnhyeok Park, Taehee Lee, Minkyu Kim

Mine tailings storage facilities (TSFs) can be a significant source of fine, respirable dust. This dust poses concerns, especially for nearby communities, because of its detrimental impact on respiratory health. To address these concerns, this study examined the effectiveness of commercially available polymers, known for their biocompatible and environmentally friendly features, to prevent dust generation from upstream-type TSFs in active mining operations. It focused on two areas in TSFs: the tailings beach and slope/dike surfaces. Two types of polymers—polyethylene glycol and poloxamer—were selected, and their effectiveness was evaluated in a series of phased laboratory and field tests. The lab tests investigated the moisture-retention capacity of the tailings after treatment with the polymer solutions as well as the ability of these solutions to reduce dust emissions. Polymers were applied to a tailings bed surface in the lab and dust was generated from this surface using a wind tunnel. PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations were measured using laser-diffraction dust sensors, and the polymers were found to have reduced dust emissions up to 95%. Small-scale wind-blowing tests were conducted in the field (specifically, in a controlled environment at a TSF) to evaluate polymer effectiveness on the tailings beach and slope/dike areas. The tests revealed that the AP could efficiently suppress approximately 80% of PM10 and PM2.5 dust emissions at both types of areas. Finally, 1000 gallons of AP solution were discharged at the top of tailings beach and slope/dike areas, respectively, and found to be effective. The results of these tests showed the high potential of the biocompatible polymers to be a feasible solution for reducing the respirable dust emissions from upstream TSFs in arid and semi-arid regions.

By Kwangmin Kim, Junnhyeok Park, Taehee Lee, Minkyu Kim

Mine tailings storage facilities (TSFs) can be a significant source of fine, respirable dust. This dust poses concerns, especially for nearby communities, because of its detrimental impact on respiratory health. To address these concerns, this study examined the effectiveness of commercially available polymers, known for their biocompatible and environmentally friendly features, to prevent dust generation from upstream-type TSFs in active mining operations. It focused on two areas in TSFs: the tailings beach and slope/dike surfaces. Two types of polymers—polyethylene glycol and poloxamer—were selected, and their effectiveness was evaluated in a series of phased laboratory and field tests. The lab tests investigated the moisture-retention capacity of the tailings after treatment with the polymer solutions as well as the ability of these solutions to reduce dust emissions. Polymers were applied to a tailings bed surface in the lab and dust was generated from this surface using a wind tunnel. PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations were measured using laser-diffraction dust sensors, and the polymers were found to have reduced dust emissions up to 95%. Small-scale wind-blowing tests were conducted in the field (specifically, in a controlled environment at a TSF) to evaluate polymer effectiveness on the tailings beach and slope/dike areas. The tests revealed that the AP could efficiently suppress approximately 80% of PM10 and PM2.5 dust emissions at both types of areas. Finally, 1000 gallons of AP solution were discharged at the top of tailings beach and slope/dike areas, respectively, and found to be effective. The results of these tests showed the high potential of the biocompatible polymers to be a feasible solution for reducing the respirable dust emissions from upstream TSFs in arid and semi-arid regions.

By Luciano Henrique Andrade de Resende, Maria Rita Oliveira Rebouças

O processo de Monitoramento Controles, realizado pela área de Governança, Riscos e Compliance, requer preparação e verificação de um grande volume de dados. Isso feito de forma manual e com a necessidade de cruzar dados de diferentes fontes, torna o processo bastante complexo, impactando diretamente na periodicidade e acurácia dos testes. O objetivo de trabalho era prover uma ferramenta e uma metodologia que fosse capaz de automatizar esse processo, tornando-o contínuo e possibilitando análise de uma grande massa de dados, proveniente de diferentes fontes e com uma saída padronizada. Após análise de ferramentas de mercado e a realização de provas de conceito, foi definida a ferramenta e modelo de trabalho a ser aplicado. O resultado foi a implantação de um processo de Monitoramento Contínuo de Controles (MCC) que traz: ganho de produtividade, ao permitir que testes sejam executados de forma automática; ganho de eficiência, por permitir realizar o teste em toda a base de dados, sem necessidade de amostra; aumento na assertividade, por reduzir probabilidade de erro humano provenientes de atividades manuais; além de retorno financeiro e mitigação de riscos.

Oct 1, 2019

By Afonso Rangel Garcez de Azevedo

A indústria produtora de papel é responsável pela geração de uma quantidade significativa de resíduo sólido, que na maioria das vezes não tem um destino adequado. Segundo dados da Associação Brasileira de Celulose o parque produtor esta diversificado em diversas partes do pais. Na região noroeste fluminense esta localizada a Cia Paduana de Papeis – COPAPA que produz aproximadamente 36.000 ton/ano de papel e 13.500 ton/ano de resíduo. Sem um destino adequado para este material tornou-se necessário o estudo da incorporação do mesmo em argamassas. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar o efeito da incorporação do resíduo da produção de papel na trabalhabilidade de argamassas de múltiplo-uso através do ensaio de determinação do índice de consistência. Os resultados mostraram que com uma incorporação de até 20% sobre a massa de cal a argamassa continua com parâmetros de trabalhabilidade, podendo ser empregada na construção civil

Aug 16, 2017

By Leandro José de Barros Cardoso

A CSN possui 4 linhas de estanhamento eletrolítico (LEE) com capacidade de produção de 700 kt/ano de Folha de Flandres, nas quais durante o processo de estanhamento podem ocorrer desvios de qualidade que impactam no custo final do produto, afetando diretamente o custo de transformação da folha-de-flandres. Um destes desvios são as manchas superficiais (MS), caracterizadas por manchas na superfície do revestimento da Folha de Flandres que prejudicam o aspecto final do produto. O objetivo deste projeto foi reduzir o índice de desvio NOK por manchas superficiais das Linhas de Estanhamento 5 e 6 de 0,28% para 0,14% até abril de 2013. O projeto foi realizado utilizando a metodologia Lean Seis Sigma, obtida pela união do “Lean Manufacturing”, que visa a eliminação de desperdícios durante o processo produtivo e o Seis Sigma como uma estratégia gerencial que busca a maximização do desempenho dos processos. A metodologia é dividida em cinco etapas: Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve e Control. Após a conclusão do projeto observamos uma redução de 65% no índice de desvio do defeito em relação à média do ano anterior (2012). Com esta redução obtivemos um ganho financeiro de R$212.000,00. Este projeto também serviu como projeto de Certificação de especialista Green Belt.

Aug 8, 2018

By Mayer Cori

El trabajo técnico que se describe en este artículo estuvo orientado a ubicar indicadores de productividad y eficiencia en las principales actividades de operaciones mineras subterráneas, con el objeto de diseñar e implementar la herramienta Business Inteligencie (BI), basada en un modelo de minería de datos de estructura ramificada (técnica ERPC) y un proceso analítico en línea (OLAP) que sintetiza la información en forma de reportes y cuadros de mando. La herramienta no solo hace posible tomar decisiones de manera fácil, oportuna y asertiva, sino también realizar consultas y reportes a la medida.

Apr 30, 2019