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The notes from which this paper has been prepared were set down at the time of the author's departure from Australia in 1935. Mr. Frank Forman, Government Geologist of Western Australia, who has very kindly read the paper in manuscript, affirms that the views here set forth are now accepted by most geologists. Thus, Forman's recent presidential address before the Royal Society of Western Australia (1937) mentions sediments in the Kalgoorlie Series "including banded jaspers and jaspilites."While it may, therefore, be superfluous to belabour the question further at this time, Mr. Forman has encouraged the author to publish this paper as a summary or both past and present views.To those specially interested in the subject of the paper, a study of pertinent Plates attached to Western Australian Geological Survey Bulletin No. 71, 1917, is suggested.The type of rock which is variously called "jasper bar," jaspilite, or "ferruginous quartzite" is familiar to all mining men who have worked in the West Australian goldfields.In its typical form it is a "striped" rock consisting of alternate layers of white or pinkish silica with red to brown bands of iron-bearing silica.In the course of geological work in many parts of Western Australia I studied exposures of jasper bar and was repeatedly impressed with the similarity of much of the material to the sedimentary "banded iron formation" of Canada. It was, therefore, a surprise to learn that the jasper bars were not generally regarded in Australia as sedimentary horizons. It is true that Honman offered convincing evidence of the sedimentary origin of the jaspers...

Jan 1, 1939

By N. Niyogi

La nacionalización de las minas de coque en 1971 y la toma de posesión de otras minas de la India originaron cambios en la industria minera del carbón. Por tal motivo, se estudiaron programas de racionalización para dirigir la industria minera hacia las tareas del futuro. En ese sentido, el presente texto señala los problemas de diseño e implementación del depósito de carbón de Jharia. Asimismo, se muestran las tendencias del desarrollo en el futuro utilizando el proyecto de la mina de carbón en Jharia.

May 1, 1982

By Marcio José Campos Borba

A cotação do minério de ferro caiu muito nos últimos anos. Em função disto, a Vale buscou se adaptar para continuar atendendo às condições do mercado. Considerando que o principal cliente mundial atualmente é a China, que os principais concorrentes estão na Austrália, e que as suas operações deste produto estão localizadas no Brasil, os desafios da Vale têm sido cada vez maiores para se produzir com qualidade e com baixo custo. Com este cenário, o desdobramento da estratégia da empresa, bem como sua execução, têm merecido destaque especial na Diretoria de Ferrosos Sudeste. Em meio a este momento, foi implantado o Escritório de Projetos, que recebeu a responsabilidade pela condução do planejamento estratégico, desdobramento da estratégia e gestão de carteira de projetos nessa Diretoria, de forma integrada com outros pilares da Gestão da Qualidade.

Oct 30, 2017

By A. George Stern

The literature dealing with the drilling of oil wells has become extensive during the last few years, and oil men can find much information relating to drilling muds in the technical literature of the petroleum industry. Although large tonnages of clay are used in preparing drilling mud (also known as drilling fluid), almost no information has been published to apprise the clay industry of the types of minerals used, with their requirements and limitations. It is from this point of view that the present report has been prepared.

Jan 1, 1941

By Renato Drescher Subtil

A tecnologia de cominuição de minérios através de Prensas de Rolos de Alta Pressão vem se destacando nos diversos segmentos da mineração, o que faz com que as usinas de pelotização de minério venham introduzindo Prensas de Rolos em seu processo produtivo. Apesar dos benefícios dessa mudança, observa-se pouco conhecimento da influência das variáveis intervenientes ao processo de prensagem e sua relação com o Ganho de Superfície Específica. Essa compreensão é fundamental para a maximização do desempenho de prensagem. Esse artigo utiliza Redes Neurais Artificiais (RNA) para predição dos resultados no Ganho de Superfície Específica e quantifica a relevância de cada variável no processo de prensagem. Os valores preditos gerados pela RNA obtiveram ótima aproximação com os dados reais, o que indica que utilização de RNA possibilita a intervenção proativa no processo produtivo podendo resultar em uma melhoria de desempenho da prensa.

Aug 17, 2017

By David Brown, Dirk van Dyk

Horizontal rotating mills are being used all over the world associated with different mineral and power generation industries. David Brown South Africa, with over 140 years of experience in gear manufacture and design, has been supplying these industries with innovative designs at exceptional quality. The gearing systems associated with these industries are challenged daily with operating conditions with are not always fully understood. Failures are therefore experienced, over time in the industry, which can therefore not always be fully explained. David Brown South Africa has developed a gear monitoring system, the Intelligent Gearing System, in association with Transmission Dynamics (UK), in order to monitor and analyze these operating conditions in real time. The system has been designed on the principles of Six Sigma, incorporating Design for Six Sigma. The purpose with this system design is to monitor the operating conditions on the pinion, record the information and analyze the data in relation to the rate of fatigue damage to the girth gear and pinion. This is done in real time and unattended. The output from the Intelligent Gearing System can be fed back into the operating system of the mill user, in order to display an alarm for operating conditions exceeding the design criteria as well as information on the rate of fatigue damage due to these operating conditions. When the mill operating conditions are better understood, and the effect on the fatigue life of the mill gearing components, mill users can forecast critical spare holding levels with an increased accuracy. The Intelligent Gearing System also allows early actions to remove reasons for system overloads.

Jan 1, 2007

By V. A. Melezhik, P. K. Skufin, L. P. Nilsson

these factors into account. Theoretical and

Aug 1, 1994

By Robinson KJ

Education in Australia now has to respond to a very wide political and policy agenda. The political emphasis is upon increasing participation and retention rates with a view to greater graduation rates in `high-tech' disciplines. There is an implied linkage between `education' and `economic well-being'. Our argument is that equalitarianism in education tends towards mediocrity. In this context many Geoscience educators view the future with pessimism. The argument is that science has been `sold short' and needs revitalising. We contend that Geoscience coursework should be a feature of both secondary and tertiary education in Australia. To this end we propose six policy initiatives to increase the content of Geoscience in education programmes.

Jan 1, 1989

By Tristan Worsey, Nathan Rouse, Kyle Hall

Drilling accuracy is the foundation to any successful blast operation. Even the best blasting practices cannot overcome poor drilling and still obtain desired results. Inaccuracies in boreholes can result in flyrock, increased vibration, uneven floor, and other undesired effects. As depth increases, variation in actual burden and spacing is expected even if collars are located precisely. Problems arise when this deviation reaches a point where it adversely affects the function of the blast design. Not only can unsafe conditions such as insufficient burden at the face develop, but poor fragmentation can compound adverse effects. As with any troubleshooting, problems cannot truly be fixed if they cannot be measured. As a result, significant work has been done in the past on this subject. Currently, there are both cheap and expensive methods used to quantify deviation for a given borehole. However, implementation of these techniques is limited. In general production blasts, little is known about the variance in designed versus true borehole geometry. This is especially true if the blaster does not see telltale signs of drilling deviation. However, losses in blast performance may exist and provide an opportunity to obtain better fragmentation and reduce fines. As drill and blast operations strive for better optimization, greater focus is being placed on drilling accuracy and solutions to this problem. The following paper details the use of several current methods for deviation measurement in order to help prevent compromises of safety and improve overall blast performance.

Jan 1, 2018

By Dan Payne

The Crinum mine has recently completed workings in the southern area of the mine. Over the 10 years of longwall production 40 million tonnes have been extracted and the mine has experienced over 40 longwall face, 3 main gateend, and 2 tail gateend roof falls as well as 5 roadway roof falls away from the longwall. Weak roof (less than 10MPa (1450psi) in the bolted horizon) has been the principal roof control issue at the mine. However, weak, highly cleated coal, water inflow from overlying aquifers, some minor structure and a diatreme in the main headings have also contributed to the challenges at the mine. This paper describes the geotechnical experience over the 10 years, the mine?s approach to addressing the issues and the relative success of these approaches.

Jan 1, 2008

By Thainá Silveira Garcia Mendes

A manutenção de monumentos e obras históricas deve ser executada com o uso de argamassa de cal, devido à sua maior permeabilidade e por preservar as características originais da obra. Entretanto, o uso de revestimento de tinta acrílica comercial sobre esta argamassa interfere na permeabilidade da construção como um todo, por vedar a superfície das paredes e tetos, internos e externos. Como uma alternativa que permite maior permeabilidade, tem-se a tinta à base de solo, constituída de água, cola branca e solo rico em silte e argila. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo quantificar e comparar as permeabilidades de amostras de argamassa de cal revestidas com tinta acrílica e com tinta de solo. Usou-se o método do tubo de Karsten para medir a permeabilidade dos dois revestimentos em comparação com a argamassa de cal sem revestimento. Os resultados dos ensaios indicaram que o revestimento de tinta à base de solo apresenta permeabilidade significativamente maior que a acrílica, sendo então mais indicada para o uso em restauro e manutenção de edificações históricas.

Oct 30, 2017

By Anna Beatriz Almeida Leandro da Costa, Djalma Valério Ribeiro Neto, Flánelson Maciel Monteiro, Mauro Froes Meyer, Bruna Pereira do Nascimento Souza

As argilas são matérias primas fundamentais na confecção dos produtos cerâmicos. Na produção de revestimentos cerâmicos as argilas com baixa quantidade de óxido ferro (Fe2O3), que resultam em peças com coloração branca ou bege, são preferenciais. Esse tipo de argila não é comumente encontrado pela indústria, o que torna seu valor expressivamente mais alto. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho é analisar as propriedades tecnológicas de massas cerâmicas produzidas com uma argila caulinítica do município de Boa Saúde-RN para produção de revestimentos. O procedimento experimental teve início com a fabricação das massas cerâmicas usando a argila, quartzo, caulim, feldspato K e dolomita, todos materiais com granulometria de 0,074mm. O processo de compactação das amostras ocorreu em uma prensa hidráulica com pressão de 21 MPa. As peças foram secas em uma estufa e sinterizadas no forno do tipo mufla, sem atmosfera protetora, nas temperaturas de 1000°C e 1100°C, com taxa de aquecimento de 10°C/min e patamar de isoterma de 60 minutos. No total, foram confeccionadas quarenta (40) amostras, sendo vinte (20) por temperatura. As propriedades tecnológicas das amostras foram aferidas através dos ensaios de absorção de água (AA%), retração linear (RL%), perda ao fogo (PF%), porosidade aparente (PA%) e massa específica aparente (MEA). Os resultados dos ensaios apontam que a argila estudada pode ser destinada para o setor de revestimentos do tipo poroso.

Mar 1, 2019

By José Galindez

Tomando como premisa que los procesos, tareas, rutinas y demás actividades relacionadas con la actividad minera han quedado alteradas con la aparición del COVID -19, este artículo presenta y analiza alternativas digitales —tales como dispositivos móviles, plataformas digitales, chatbots, e-learning, programas de mantenimiento digitalizado, logística robotizada y uso de drones— que hoy resultan imprescindibles para continuar operando de manera segura.

Jul 30, 2020

By Oscar Pugliesi

Dado que la minería es una de las actividades económicas más importantes del Perú, su desarrollo y aprovechamiento depende de un plan de recuperación económica que se implemente en el país. En este sentido, el objetivo del texto es realizar un análisis estructural del sector minero, preveer el cálculo de las inversiones requeridas en el sistema en el sector minero metalúrgico a corto plazo y mostrar las perspectivas y proyecciones de las exportaciones metales y concentrados para el período 1978-1980

Nov 20, 1978

By H. Y. Sohn, Hang Goo Kim

Computer simulations were carried out using calcium ferrite slags containing 25 wt% CaO, and the results compared with those obtained using fayalite slags. There was little difference in overall elimination of Pb and Bi, but elimination of Sb and As was much lower with calcium ferrite slag. When calcium ferrite slag is used only in the converting stage and fayalite slag in the smelting stage, as in the Mitsubishi process, the contents of Sb and As in the blister copper can be kept to reasonable levels. This allows advantage to be taken of the considerably higher iron oxide-holding capacity of calcium ferrite slag than of fayalite slag at the high oxygen potential under converting conditions, thus preventing precipitation of magnetite. Satisfactory agreement was obtained between predicted values and observed data from a Mitsubishi converter

Jun 18, 1905

Models are used in engineering to reproduce reality as faithfully as possible so that the expected response of a system for given actions or inputs can be determined. In the field of rock engineering, both empirically based and numerical models are widely used to determine the likely response of the rock surrounding excavations. Many of the empirical models are developed from statistical analysis of case histories or from direct observation; however, empirical models are limited because they should be used only within the range of conditions of the observational database. Synergy exists between empirical and numerical models, because empirical models can be used to calibrate and validate numerical models. The empirical approach can benefit from the capability of numerical models to investigate specific mechanisms, which would not be possible using observations alone. Two cases are presented in which the synergy between empirical and numerical models is demonstrated. The first case examines the analysis of discontinuity effects on the strength of slender pillars in limestone mines, and the second case evaluates the effects of stress orientation on coal mine entry stability. It is concluded that numerical model calibration and verification comprises an important first stage in the successful application of models in rock engineering design. Application of numerical models allows mechanisms and interactions of various parameters to be analysed, greatly improving the understanding of the system. The improved understanding can be used to extend the application of empirical design methods, resulting in improved safety and efficiency of rock engineering designs.

Jan 1, 2014

By Christopher J. Bise

INTRODUCTION The principal means for transporting men, supplies, and mined material in an underground or surface mine are rail systems, conveyor belt systems, or a combination of the two. Typically, large underground mines use rail haulage from the mining sections to the hoist, with conveyor belts being used within the sections. Small mines use conveyor belts in the mains and sub- mains as well as in the panels. The size and layout of surface mines also contribute to variations in the way these haulage systems are applied. The following sections address the typical problems confronting mining engineers in designing these haul- age systems. For rail, these include rail selection and turnout design, locomotive tractive-effort calculation, and motor sizing. Belt haulage calculations include belt width and speed specifications, tension and take- up requirements, idler spacings, and motor sizing. TRACK LAYOUTS Introduction The adequacy of mine track layouts is dependent upon such factors as rail weight (Table l), suitable ties, a well-drained roadbed, and properly designed curves, grades, and track alignment. As long as the installation conforms to the manufacturer's recommendations, good service can be expected from the rail system. Typically, mining-engineering calculations for rack layouts have dealt almost exclusively with the design of turnouts. As such, the following section provides the necessary information for computing the theoretically correct dimensions of turnouts. Turnout Design Fig. 1 shows a typical turnout with an identification of the component parts. Fig. 2 identifies the variables that are used to determine the turnout dimensions. The formulas that concern the mining engineer are those listed: [ ]

Jan 1, 1986

By Lewis Martin

Spokane Research Center personnel are currently conducting research on cable bolts to assess their material and support properties, to provide design criteria for roof control systems under various types of underground mining conditions, and to provide background data for computer models of cable bolt supports. Laboratory studies of cable bolts made of conventional steel cables with Garford bulbs and collars resulted in recommendations on characteristics such as embedment length, hole diameter, cable bolt diameter, and configuration of cables. A completed series of laboratory tests has determined the minimum embedment length of resin required for resin-grouted, cable bolt ground support.

Jan 1, 1996

By Jennifer Riefenberg

Ground control hazards, coal quality, ore reserve estimation, and pollution modeling seem unrelated topics from most mining perspectives. However, geostatistical methods can be used to characterize each of these, and more topics. Exploratory drill core data, and continued drilling and field measurements, can provide a wealth of information related to each of the above areas and are often severely underutilized. Recent studies have led to the development of the Multiple Parameter Mapping (MPM) technology, which utilizes geostatistics and other numerical modeling methods, to generate a "hazard index" map, often from exploratory drill core data. This mapping has been presented for ground control hazards relating roof quality, floor quality, numerically modelled stresses due to mining geometry, and geologic features. A review of the MPM method, future directions with the MPM, and a discussion of using these and other geostatistical methods to quantify coal quality, ore reserve estimation, and pollutant modeling are presented in this paper.

Jan 1, 1996

By Ana Cláudia S. G. Motta

O presente estudo foi realizado com o intuito de determinar parâmetros microestruturais que definem os comportamentos eletroquímico e elétrico de uma célula a combustível do tipo óxido sólido, SOFC (Solid Oxide Fuel Cell). A caracterização microestrutural foi realizada por microscopia eletrônica de varredura, possibilitando a revelação de particularidades dos microconstituintes como porosidade, tamanho médio de grão e suas distribuições. As micrografias obtidas foram submetidas à análise digital de imagens, obtendo assim a quantificação de propriedades das microestruturas dos eletrodos (catodo e anodo) e do eletrólito. A análise de microscopia revelou a presença de uma camada de pequena espessura (interlayer) de céria dopada com gadolínio localizada entre o eletrólito e o catodo. O eletrólito exibiu grãos com uma tendência equiaxial, com tamanho médio de grão de 3,43 µm. O anodo apresentou um gradiente de porosidade, não alcançando a porcentagem de porosidade ideal para que a difusão de gases ocorra de maneira eficiente. A região catódica demonstrou valores de porosidade em conformidade com o recomendado na literatura.

Oct 30, 2017