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By G. Davey

High speed stirred milling is a relatively new method of grinding in the metalliferous process industries. However it has been it has been in wide spread use in the industrial mineral field for over 30 years for various minerals. Many existing metallurgical operations are looking to maximize economic return from existing deposits, requiring new thinking and technologies. The operating experience of two existing copper operations will be covered to show the effect of the introduction of the Metso Stirred Media Detritor (SMD) a new type of high speed stirred mill. Both operations have derived significant metallurgical benefits from the introduction of this new technology. The benefits and process difficulties are covered and explained.

Jan 1, 2003

By Crone Duncan

The search. for massive sulphide orebodies is steadily being extended to greater depths as well as expanding outward into the large portion of the earth's surface where the sulphide bodies are deeply weathered. Massive sulphide orebodies are generally not large in dimensions. They are not like disseminated type sulphide bodies that form large ground exploration targets that can be detected at greater and greater depths simply by increasing the geometrical spacing between the geophysical transmitter and receiver. In¬creasing the transmitter-receiver spacing with massive sulphide bodies eventually "waters down" the anomaly from the body until it disappears into noise. If high surface conductivity is present, as is common in areas of deep weathering, the problem is compounded by the increasing response of the surface layer, as the receiver-transmitter spacing is expanded. The search to greater depths has important implications other than just detection of the orebody. Drilling costs are increased and the probability of missing the target are increased. Missing an orebody is an expense that is difficult to evaluate in dollars per line mile of survey especially since one does not know the value of what was missed. A ground Pulse EM method has the capabilities of solving the problems of deeper exploration particularly in areas of surface weathering it can attain deep penetration without large coil spacings, it also provides information from a complete range of frequencies. The method has other operational advantages since it is free of geometrical restrictions as to coil alignments and can operate in areas of high power line noise.

Jan 1, 1975

By A. Mayton

The prolonged exposure of equipment operators to shock and whole-body vibration (WBY) is linked to cumulative back, neck, and abdominal disorders. In low-coal mines, space restrictions make seat suspensions difficult to use in isolating operators from shock and WBY. Researchers at NIOSH, Pittsburgh Research Laboratory, are responding to these issues by investigating viscoelastic foams. For the full-load case. an ergonomic seat with viscoelastic foams isolated the shuttle car operator from shock at 15Hz. Researchers used results from additional foam testing with an analytical model to identify viscoelastic foams that provide shock isolation at a frequency below 5 Hz.

Jan 1, 1998

By Y. Gonzalez

The reaction kinetics of sulfuric acid leaching of brass foundry flue dusts were studied. As received flue dusts were separated into two size fractions, a coarse fraction (median size 103.5 microns) and a fine fraction (median size 3.4 microns). Experiments were performed on both fractions al-though most results are reported for the coarse fraction. Leaching experiments were conducted in a stirred reactor to determine those factors which govern the kinetic response of the sys-tem. The kinetics were followed by determining the increase in the concentration of dissolved copper with time. The effects of temperature, concentration and oxygen partial pressure on the rate of copper dissolution were examined. In addition, reaction residues were examined by SEM, EDAX and X-ray analysis. An activation energy of 4.8 kcal/mole (20.08 kJ/mole) was calculated. The rate was found to be significantly dependent on oxygen partial pressure and acid concentration. The order of the reaction with respect to oxygen partial pressure and hydrogen ion concentration was approximately 1.50 and 0.37, respectively. Results indicate that the dissolution reaction is limited by diffusion and can be described by the following mathematical expression where ~ is fraction of copper extracted in time t

Jan 1, 1988

By Edwarde R. May

The Flambeau volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit located in northwestern Wisconsin occurs within the southern lobe of the Canadian Precambrian Shield. The steeply dipping tabular body occurs in a complex pile of cyclic schistose intermediate to felsic fragmental volcanics. No chloritic alteration pipe is recognized but adjacent rocks have undergone magnesia metasomatism and subsequently were metamorphosed to the upper greenschist and lower amphibolite facies. Although modest in size the deposit is of special interest in that it has an extensive and well preserved supergene enrichment blanket. Economic minerals found within a pyritized quartz-sericite schist are chalcocite and bornite overlying primary chalcopyrite.

Jan 1, 1976

By W. L. O?Connell

[Patent Issue No. Date Issued To Subject 386,504 July 24, G. Sweanor The separation of quartz from a 1588 metal with a liquid such as CS2 or CHC13 under water by introducing mixture into water layer. Quartz will stay in water layer while metal sinks through organic.]

Jan 1, 1963

By J. J. Antony

The Cactus Gold Mine is a joint venture comprised of Middle Buttes Partners Ltd. (CoCa Mines, Inc.--operator, T. Congdon and W. Carey) and Compass Mining, Inc. The project includes 2.4 sq. miles of contiguous mining claims and leases in the Mojave Mining District, Kern County, California, approximately B5 miles northeast of Los Angeles. The property is readily accessible year round by all-weather roads and is within 6 miles of the main line of the Southern Pacific Railway.

Jan 1, 1988

By Harry W. Barr

Judging by the inquiries that come to Battelle, a number of companies have run into problems in determining the size and character of markets for mineral fillers in general and specialty fillers in particular. Usually these problems arise during a project to develop a new mineral filler when management suddenly realizes that a considerable sum of money will have to be spent before any profits are realized from sales of the new filler. What management needs in this case is the odds for or against the success of the development. And these odds frequently are controlled by the markets for the new filler. Basically, the problems involved in gaging markets can be simplified to how much of this new filler can be used and by whom? But there are some potential booby traps in these simple questions that should be exposed. This paper will discuss a few of these problems such as: 1. Describing the filler so that the prospective customer recognizes its possible applicability. 2. Finding; a prospective customer who can verify the filler's applicability. 3. Expanding successful test results to total industry markets. 4. Appraising competitive products, and 6. Discovering all the possible uses for the new filler.

Jan 1, 1961

By E. S. Bianchin

The more complex control needs of today's mineral processing plants combined with ever-changing digital technology have brought numerous improvements to process control systems. This paper discusses recent advancements in distributed control systems (DCS) which facilitate the implementation of process plant automation. Some of the topics of discussion include integrated function controllers, weigh scale and analyzer interfacing, operator interfacing, personal computers, process information management and process plant management.

Jan 1, 1988

By G. P. Hand

The graphite industry as a whole has gone through many changes over the years. Most of the graphite used in major applications since the turn of the century were basic natural or electrode by-product synthetic materials, processed using simple crushing, screening, or grinding techniques. In the mid 1970's new thermal technology was developed which changed the face of the .graphite industry, and opened up a panacea of new products and capabilities. Materials produced through this new technology have helped revolutionize new products and processes in industries including automotive, batteries, fuel cells, electronics, iron, lubricants and steel. This paper outlines the continued improvements in those industries as well as the as well as the outlook for new technology in this rapidly changing area.

Jan 1, 1997

By Michael Edesess

The salt gradient solar pond has been the focal point of accelerating international attention and interest in recent months. Only recently have most investigators in the renewable energy field come to realize the versatility of the solar pond, and its ability to overcome certain problems usually associated with solar technologies. These realizations, together with clear demonstrations in Israel and elsewhere of its technical feasibility, have combined to bring the solar pond to the forefront of renewable energy technologies. The solar pond is a natural or site-built pond, about one to five meters or more in depth, which has been altered to retard the loss of absorbed solar energy. The absorbed solar energy is usually lost through upward buoyancy of the warmed water, followed by the loss of its heat to the atmosphere. The chief solar pond technology -the salt gradient, or "nonconvective" solar pond-prevents this upward buoyancy by means of a vertical density gradient achieved with dissolved salt. The deep waters in the solar pond reach high temperatures, up to and even above the boiling point of pure water.

Jan 1, 1981

By S. S. Hsieh

The important carboxylic acid components of tall oils were tested individually as phosphate flotation reagents. These included C18 unsaturated fatty acids and C10 to C18 saturated fatty acids and resin acids. These experiments were conducted to evaluate such factors as the degree of unsaturation, hydrocarbon chain length, isomeric form, side-group modification, and cyclic structure. The effects of mineralogical characteristics on flotation response also were considered. The results of this systematic evaluation provide guidelines for selecting efficient substitute reagents and also provide fundamental data for further research on improved flotation technology.

Jan 1, 1980

By Louis W. Towle

A brief history of the use of Ammonium Nitrate in explosives and blasting agents is given. Methods of manufacture and physical properties of the various types of Ammonium Nitrate are given with particular reference to their use in blasting agents Important properties of blasting agents discussed are sensitiveness, methods of initiation, velocities of detonation, strength, density, products of detonation, rate of pressure development, and borehole pressure.

Jan 1, 1959

By K. N. Santini

Natural zeolites are gaining recognition as an important commodity with an increasing number of industrial and consumer applications. This potential has prompted the Anaconda Minerals Company and other firms to investigate occurrences and markets for zeolites. The deposits of mordenite-rich tuff at Rome are of interest for their economic potential and for the excellent opportunity they provide to study a zeolite deposit formed in a hydrologically closed basin. Location The Rome property is located approximately 9 km west of Rome, Oregon, in Townships 31S. and 32S., Range 41E., Malheur County. It lies within the Owyhee Uplands of the northern Basin and Range physiographic province (Figure 1). The area discussed here includes a major portion of the depositional basin in which the zeolitic tuffs occur.

Jan 1, 1982

By C. W. Hunt

I wish to register strong disagreement with the choices of drilling sites chosen by the Continental Scientific Drilling Committee, while endorsing the stated objectives. Of special significance is the lack of any site involving the metals most needed today in the US, while 9 to 13 km of drilling are allocated to gold and silver districts and 11 to 17 km to base metal (mainly copper) districts. Why is nothing proposed for platinum group or chromite? Is this because the committee did not know of such a site? If so, I offer such a site in California (see Fig. 1). The mineralization shown in Table 1 occurs in a large peridotite body in western Tehama County, CA. Petrography has demonstrated unequivocal evidence of migrated PGE deposited in peridotite and chromite of hypabyssal nature. Active diapirism (due probably to serpentine buoyancy) above a reactivated mantle to surface conduit marks the position of the conduit. Young explosion breccia cemented loosely by volcanic glass and tuff demonstrates the significance of the conduit as the prime source of the various emissions. Deep drilling could result in major metals discoveries as well as shedding light on the grand questions of platinum group mineralization. What role water has played in this occurrence is not yet certain; but chlorine and asphaltite have been detected in and adjacent to native PGM, suggesting a major role for water. The explosion breccia suggests that this excellent site could overlie entrapped geothermal steam.

Jan 1, 1988

By M. S. Bickers

Prior to 1970, the environmental liabilities associated with mine construction and management were few. Mostly, they were aimed at health and safety matters. At that time less than two dozen codes were incorporated into the engineering design and they were somewhat static and well known by the engineering designers and managers. These codes issued by governmental agencies and professional associations are listed in Table 1

Jan 1, 1988

By W. E. Horst

Historically, research organizations have made significant contributions to the development and commercialization of new chemical products for the mining industry and examples of commercial results are cited With the recent demise of research organizations within the mining industry and dynamic changes in the industry, the supporting role of R&D groups has become limited or non-existent. Cat- reduction requirements and new raw-material sources offer future opportunities for R&D organizations to continue their effective participation in the commerical development of new chemical products. Potential areas of interest for future process applications are reviewed.

Jan 1, 1986

By D. Kwak, S. Han, J. Kim, Y. Lee

"INTRODUCTION In carbonate rocks, it is difficult to characterize due to the high degree of heterogeneity in pore geometry. Carbonate rocks have various types of pore systems such as fractures and vugs, and this heterogeneity should be considered for more realistic prediction of oil production in carbonate reservoirs. This study carried out water flooding experiments using five carbonate rock samples in order to observe the change of physical properties. Firstly, qualitative and quantitative analyses were conducted for each carbonate samples by use of XRD and XRF to evaluate the mineral content. All samples are mainly composed of CaCO3 and after that, the ICP experiments were carried out for the water passing through the carbonate. As a result, it was possible to measure the quantity of CaCO3, MgO, Fe2O3 component in water and due to this effect, the permeability of carbonate was altered especially in the front part of the core. Finally, after the carbonate was saturated by 30 API crude oil, water injection to enhance the oil recovery was repeated and it was confirmed that the oil-producing characteristics are different depending on the dissolution characteristics of carbonate rock samples. CORE SAMPLE ANALYSIS Porosity and Permeability Experiment Porosity and permeability were measured. The procedures are as follows (Figure 1). 1. Measure the diameter and length of the dry core using Vernier caliper. 2. Put the core in the core holder, run vacuum pump until the inlet and outlet pressure gauge equal. 3. Saturate the core using ISCO pump to inject water at 650 psi 4. Measure the amount of water and calculate the porosity 5. Set up the outlet pressure at 500 psi. 6. The flow rate measure when the equilibrium 7. Calculate the permeability through Darcy’s Law. 8. Cutting of core upstream and downstream about 13cm, and measure the each of permeability."

Jan 1, 2016

By Yehia El-Ibiary, M. P. Evans

One way of increasing conveyor systems productivity is by monitoring the key parameters in the systems. In this paper, a new line of smart bearings will be presented and discussed. The new bearings are capable of monitoring temperature, vibrations, and belt speed for early detection of potentially serious problems. The new smart bearings have built in sensors that are carefully integrated and protected for long life service. These bearings are going to be the key to increasing the up time of belt conveyors in the future.

Jan 1, 1996

By Trevor Riters

Advancements in Emerson’s instrumentation technology have brought value and efficiencies to the mining industry. Some think of instrumentation as basic sensors and valves, but with our solutions, we equip operators with real time, accurate, and reliable data that they can use to operate more effectively. Working with Caltrol, an Emerson Impact Partner, we successfully engineered wireless skids for a leach pad to provide precise measurement and control of raffinate solution to many of the large mine sites in Arizona.

Feb 1, 2025