Search Documents

By D. B. Haas

THE HYDRAULIC TRANSPORT of solids is becoming increasingly prevalent throughout the world. Major long-distance slurry pipelines currently in operation transport commodities such as coal and various ore concentrates distances of up to hundreds of miles. In the United States, a number of large-diameter, high-tonnage pipelines are under consideration for the transport of Western Plains coal to markets up to 1000 miles away. In these and other applications, the solids are generally quite fine, with 14 mesh being a typical limit of particle size for long-distance (over 100 miles) slurry transport. There are applications where it might be practical to transport solids consisting of larger particles distances of up t o 100 miles. Deposits of high-quality metallurgical coal are found in the inner foothills belt along the eastern edge of the Rocky Mountains on the Alberta-B. C. border. There are few existing railroad s and the possibilities of constructing extensions are limited because of environmental and economic factor s. In these circumstances, the most efficient transportation system might consist of a pipeline to transport the coal from the mine to beneficiation plants located near existing railroads 50 or 100 miles away. Such systems would minimize environmental effects, capital cost s and operating costs. To determine whether such a system would be technically feasible, experimental testing is needed to determine the energy requirements for transporting coarse coal in a pipe line. Currently, run-of-mine metallurgical coal is crushed to less than 1 1/2 inches before going to the beneficiation plant. In the proposed scheme, coal of this size would be transported through a pipeline to the beneficiation plant located at the railroad. The Transportation Development Agency and the Department of Supply and Services have awarded a contract to the Saskatchewan Research Council to study pipelining of coarse coal in pipelines ranging from 4 inches to 12 inches in diameter.

Jan 1, 1977

By Michel Carreau

Presentation topic Introduction to Renewable Power in Remote Mining Industry Trend What are the Challenges and How to address them Acceptability (Management Buy-in) ? RP not core business to mining company Significant upfront costs Project Risks - Technological and Delivery Wind and solar power variability Operating hybrid power (Operator Buy-in) Conclusion Introduction ? RP at Remote Mining Sites Mining Project Cost Energy represents 25% of mining project CAPEX Energy represents 25% of OPEX Diesel, HFO, ? cost : 30+ cents/kWh RP - Proven technology - Excellent track record ?Wind (20 years), Solar PV (10+ years)? Hundreds of GW installed ?Reliable, High availability, very small OPEX. ?Wind/Solar cost : 15 to 22 cents/kWh (with good resource) ?Potential 10% to 20% Reduction in net cost of energy ?Price certainty for 20 to 25 years

May 1, 2013

By M. L. Jeremic, G. J. P Delaire

"The mechanical aspects of cable bolt failure are considered from the point of view of properties of grout and cable, as well as of the rock in which it is anchored. The results from recent investigations made in-situ as well as in the lab are combined and presented with reference to other work done in the area. An attempt is made to stimulate the thinking along these lines so as to initiate further research which may enhance the design of cable bolting as it applied to mining operations.IntroductionIn the past twelve year s systematic cable bolting has found application in many areas. In civil engineering rock anchors have been used to provide tension at the heel of a dam permitting the reduction of its cross section. They have been used in retaining walls to reduce construction time and costs by eliminating the need for struts and braces which complicate pouring the foundation walls. It is also possible to use rock anchors in providing reactions where tall buildings are subjected to uplift on one side due to wind forces. Cantilever bridges may be constructed by implementing rock anchors to provide anchorage requirements. Anchorage piles or dolphins or mooring ships have also been built using these. In the mining area rock anchors, commonly known as cable bolts because they are made of hoist cable may be implemented in the reinforcement of hanging walls or to retain rock slopes.In order to sustain de-pressurized ground where rock separation developed along the pressure arches, cable bolts were utilized at the Tsumeb Mine in South-West Africa and also at the Strathcona Mine in Sudbury, Ontario, In both places old degreased hoist ropes were installed in downholes from crosscuts above a given stope and then grouted without tensioning. Jeremic and Cassidy described the use of cable bolts to increase hanging wall stability and postpone fracturing, in addition to producing pre-support for improvement of stope back stability."

Jan 1, 1983

By A. C. Headon, K. W. Lam, D. P. Dautovich

"Microbiological activities affecting the performance of materials have been encountered in diverse situations within Ontario Hydro. Case histories of bacterial problems which are presented include ground rod corrosion at transformer stations, corrosion of a bare steel cooling water intake structure in Lake Huron and corrosion of steel components in a nuclear generation station vacuum building. Possible microbiological activities which may affect the corrosion behaviour of containers for the disposal of nuclear fuel waste in the future are discussed, as are bacterial actions suspected of causing an odour problem in residential water heaters.IntroductionBacteria are ubiquitous. Except by use of sterilization methods, bacteria -free environments are no t possible to find. Bacteria lie dormant in hostile environments, spread easily through air and water currents and reproduce rapidly under favourable conditions. Although different types of bacteria have different preferable conditions for growth, they are highly adaptive and in general, whenever there is a source of water and carbon (carbon dioxide or organic matter), there will be bacterial activities . These activities often induce or enhance costly metallic corrosion in industries and water odour problems in rural water supplies . Underground structures and systems in contact with natural water or water containing organic matter are most susceptible to bacterial attack.The types of metal-degrading bacteria , their characteristics and the conditions for growth have been reviewed extensively in the literature(1,2,3). There are several often encountered groups of bacteria which, through their metabolic processes, may lead to the degradation of metals. A large variety of bacteria produce corrosive in organic or organic acids as waste, such as the well known formation of sulphuric ac id by aerobic sulphur oxidizers . Anaerobic sulphate reducers produce hydrogen sulphide which is corrosive and has an obnoxious smell, slime-forming bacteria from slime which shelters sulphate reducers and iron bacteria oxidize ferrous to ferric ion which precipitates as hydrated oxides creating oxygen concentration cells . The following are bacterial problems encountered in Ontario Hydro. Although the number of recognized cases has been few, they show the diversity of location and environment where bacterial problems could arise. These include ground rod corrosion at transformer stations, corrosion of bare steel in a water intake structure, corrosion of steel in a nuclear generation station vacuum building and an odour problem in residential hot water tanks. In addition, possible bacterial- enhanced corrosion in containers for future disposal of nuclear fuel wastes are also discussed."

Jan 1, 1984

By M. B. Myers

The subject matter of this paper will be discussed under three main headings. 1.-Fire-Resistant Fluids: (a) the need for such materials, based on historical events; (b) a definition of fire -resistant fluids; (c) general description, characteristics, operational parameters, advantages and disadvantages of oil-in-water emulsions (HFB), water-polymer fluids (HFC) and anhydrous or synthetic fluids (HFD). 2.-A review of equipment associated with the use of fire-resistant hydraulic fluids; (a) performance testing of hydraulic equipment, i.e. gear pumps, vane pumps, axial and radial piston pumps, hydraulic motors, etc., pressure, speed, filtration limitations, etc., and effects on valves, elastomers, paints, etc.; (b) hydraulic system design features and selection of suitable units; (c) types of mining applications currently employing fire-resistant fluids. 3.-Test methods used to evaluate fire-resistant fluids: (a) fire testing methods, i.e. wick tests, spray ignition testing, hot manifold tests, factory mutual tests, all to establish fire-resistancy parameters and acceptance; (b) new developments in fire-resistancy evaluation; (c) the examination of other performance tests, e.g., effects of evaporation, sliding wear, life of rolling element bearings, etc.

Jan 1, 1979

By A. M. Cann, C. I. Godwin

"The Kemess porphyry copper-molybdenum deposit occurs in the Intermontane Belt of north-central British Columbia. The deposit is in andesitic to basaltic flows and tuffs which may be correlated with the Savage Mountain Formation of the Upper Triassic Takla Group. Most known chalcopyrite and molybdenite is associated closely with a 500-m-diameter zone of intense quartz-sericite-pyrite alteration. A zone of supergene enrichment, up to 30 m thick, underlies a leached capping about 20 m thick. The age of mineralization and the surrounding granodiorite and quartz monzonite pluton is Early Jurassic. K-Ar and Rb-Sr analyses indicate that the mineralization and alteration is slightly younger (l82±6 Ma) than the granitic intrusion (KAr: about 205±6 Ma; Rb-Sr: 190±4 Ma). The low 87Sr/J6Sr initial ratio for the granodiorite is typical of plutons in the Intermontane Belt.IntroductionKemess is a medium to small porphyry copper-molybdenum deposit with significant gold and silver values (Pilcher and McDougall, 1976). This paper describes the lithologies and alteration at this property; geochronology by Rb-Sr and K-Ar methods defines the ages of mineralization and surrounding plutons to be Early Jurassic.The property, located in the Thutade Lake area of northcentral British Columbia (NTS Map 94E; lat. 57°04'N; long. 126°44'W), is about 425 km northwest of Prince George (Fig. 1). Closest road access is 35 km southeast of Kemess. Final access must be by float plane or helicopter. The British Columbia Railway right of way passes 70 km to the southwest of theproperty.A prominent gossan zone at Kemess was staked in 1967 by Kennco Explorations (Western) Ltd. following detection of geochemical anomalies during stream sampling the previous year. During 1968, 1969and 1971, Kennco completed 232 m of X-ray diamond drilling, conducted geological mapping and carried out geochemical sampling of silts and soils (Stevenson, 1969; B.C. Ministry of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources, G.E .M., 1969 and 1971). Getty Mines Ltd. optioned Kemess in 1975and 1976. They remapped the area and diamond drilled 12 BQ and NQ holes, totalling 2065 m (B.C. Ministry of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources, Expl. B.C., 1975)."

Jan 1, 1980

By Adam J. Szladow

"INTRODUCTIONThe low calorific value and the high moisture and ash contents of run-of-mine (r.o.rn.) lignite limits the utilization of Saskatchewan lignites to thermal power plants in Saskatchewan, Manitoba and western Ontario. On the other hand, the low sulphur content and the low mining cost make lignites potentially attractive for new coal markets, if suitable processes can be found for upgrading. Economic upgrading to a higher quality fuel would make lignites more acceptable for industrial and utility boilers.This paper presents a summary of the process engineering evaluation of coal upgrading technologies conducted in support of a study of selected lignite upgrading processes. The summary presents the relative advantages and offers specific comments on the application of coal upgrading technologies for lignites. ResourcesLignite comprises the largest fossil fuel energy deposits in Saskatchewan. The total resources of immediate and future interest exceed 27 billion tonnes. The measured and indicated lignite resources of immediate interest are large enough to last for over 200 years at the current production rate of about 10 million tonnes per year (Table 1).Saskatchewan lignitedeposits are present in three different geologic formations: (I) the Ravenscrag Formation of Paleocene Age in southern Saskatchewan; (2) the Swan River Formation of Lower Cretaceous Age in central north Saskatchewan; and (3) the Judith River Formation of Upper Cretaceous Age in central west Saskatchewan. The deposits in the Swan River and Judith River Formation are not currently of economic interest.The Ravenscrag deposits are confmed to four lignite basins, namely: the Estevan, the Willow Bunch, the Wood Mountain and the Cypress basin (Fig. 1). The estimated resources of immediate interest in the four basins are over 7 billion tonnes (Table I). These resources include lignite seams at least 1.5 m thick, at depths of less than 45 m.The average quality of lignite varies relatively little between the four basins considering the distance between deposits (Table 2). There is, however, a progressive increase in moisture and ash content, and a decrease in calorific value and carbon content as one moves westward from the Estevan to Wood Mountain and Cypress basins. The Estevan area deposits are of higher rank despite the fact that they are stratigraphically younger than the Willow Bunch deposits (Cameron and Marconi, 1979).In upgrading lignite to a higher quality fuel, it is important to know not only the average proximate and ultimate analysis (Table 2) but also other lignite characteristics influencing the product quality . For example, Figure 2 shows the effect of lignite HIC ratio on the product equilibrium moisture for hydrothermal treatment of lignite. It is apparent that lignites with a higher HIC ratio, or high liptinite content yield much better quality product for the same hydrotreatment conditions. Other examples of lignite characteristics which are important in upgrading include distribution of sulphur forms and mineral matter, maceral composition and degree of surface oxidation."

Jan 1, 1989

By Mousa Mohammadi

Due to operational advantage of dragline in simultaneous excavation and back-filling, the equipment has gained vast importance in open-pit mining. Besides, absence of auxiliary haulage units and a myriad of other benefits are also credited in favor of excavation of muck piles by the draglines. However, the aspects of production, productivity and economics are of utmost significance in dragline operation and planning. In this light, the present paper is an endeavor to analyze availability and utilization of dragline operations. The paper presents a good amount of data for 4-draglines operating in one of the major opencast projects in India. The study reveals the trends of availability and utilization of these draglines during last 11-years. Furthermore, the study also highlights the salient reasons for loss of available hours and for idling of the draglines. Some startling information and facts have been illustrated in form of graphs and pie charts.

Aug 1, 2013

By B. Jena, M. Rigaud, S. C. Panigrahy

"The influence of flux addition on the structure and properties of pellets produced from low silica specularite with peat moss and bentonite as binders was investigated. Specific pellets basicities in the range of 0.4 to 3.2 were obtained by the addition of limestone or a combination of dolomite and limestone as flux. A t basicities < 1.6, the bonding in the pellets was provided by a glassy silicate phase. At basicities =1.6, calcium ferrites were the predominant bonding phase. When dolomite was added as a flux, presence of magnesia-ferrite was noted. The reduction behaviour of pellets at different basicities was found to be influenced by the type of flux and binder. The pellet compression strength and swelling characteristics were improved with increased basicity.IntroductionThe properties of iron ore pellets are influenced by the type and nature of the ore or concentrate, additives and their subsequent treatment to produce pellets. The interaction between various constituents of the concentrate and additives, i.e. iron oxides, gangue and fluxes etc. result in the formation of various mineralogical phases which affect the degree and nature of bonding achieved in the pellet and the structure and distribution of pores. The pellet properties such as pellet strength and reducibility are influenced by the extent and type of bonding achieved between the ore particles. In view of the present emphasis on the production of high quality pellets to meet progressively stringent quality control requirements, it is essential to investigate the effect of additives on the bonding mechanism and properties of the pellets.In the past, the effects of additives on the bonding mechanism of pellets have been investigated. It is important to note that the conditions and parameters to be controlled are typical of a given concentrate/ore. In this paper, the results of the investigation on characterization of fluxed pellets produced from a low silica specularite concentrate are reported.This investigation was also aimed at assessing the suitability of peat moss for use as a binder for the production of low silica fluxed pellets. Peat moss is abundantly available in the vicinity of iron ore mines in Quebec and encouraging results have been obtained du ring the production of high silica acid and fluxed pellets."

Jan 1, 1992

By A. L. Craven, J. P. L. Bacharach, D. B. Stewart

"Inert gas use for underground mine fir e control is a well-established mature technology in some parts of the world. This paper reviews three candidate inert gases and describes three case histories where inert gas fire-fighting technology was used in actual underground fires.IntroductionInerting is the introduction of an inert gas into an atmosphere in contact with a fire to reduce the level of oxygen and hence the intensity of the fire 10 the point of extinction. The benefits of inerting include:a. Reduced Explosion HazardBy displacing oxygen from the atmosphere surrounding the fire the risk of secondary gas explosions is reduced. For example, simple methane-air mixtures at standard temperature and pressure are non-explosive below 12% oxygen. In actual mine fires, combustible gases may include hydrogen and carbon monoxide as well as methane. Such gases are also rendered non-explosive with oxygen removal to below 40/0. Fuel-rich oxygen-deficient mixtures can however be made explosive through dilution with air. Such dilution can occur downwind of the fire. It is also important to remember that the atmosphere in a sealed-off fire zone is rarely homogenous.b. Reduced Fire Intensity and SpreadIn a fire zone the initial combustion may well set alight materials surrounding the fire. Inerting can reduce the intensity and spread of secondary combustion and can cool the area surrounding the fire zone after the fire itself has been extinguished.c. Reduced Air LeakageLeakage of air into sealed areas in excess of the natural leakage may be reduced either by introducing inert gas into the leakage paths to replace air or by pressure balancing seals and providing a chamber of nitrogen on the outbye side of the seals. Both methods assist in the reduction of the intensity of combustion and hasten oxygen starvation."

Jan 1, 1986

By T. W. Sullivan

"This paper explores the history of AC static variable frequency control drive systems on open cast mining machinery, in particular electric mining shovels and electric walking draglines, over the past ten years. It critiques the peformance of these drive systems from a productivity and operating cost standpoint and evaluates the over-all success of the original design concepts as they were envisaged in the 1970s. The paper details the state-of-the-art as it exists today as well as design improvements contemplated for the immediate future.IntroductionConsidering the fact that the very first successful application of an alternating current electrical distribution system occurred at the Gold King gold mine near Ames, Colorado, U.S.A., in the year 1891, it seems somewhat ironic that almost 100 years later, AC excavator drive systems are just now becoming commonplace in the mining industry.If one were to read the biography of Lucien L. Nunn, the first person to successfully install a commercially viable alternating current power distribution system, one would quickly visualize a parallelism between his fight to achieve acceptance of his new lower cost technology and that of those commissioned with the belief that AC static variable frequency control drive systems are not only a better performing, lower cost drive system for mining excavators today, but moreover, the drive systems of the future in our industry.This paper will deal with the evolution and incorporation of AC static drive systems on open cast mining excavators. It will trace the history of the development of these drive systems in the mining industry, the current state-of-the-art concerning these systems, and what the future holds for these excavators in our industry."

Jan 1, 1990

By T. Patching

"Introduction The occurrence of coal was first reported in the Drumheller area in 1793 but it was not until 1912 that production of coal was recorded. In that year 13,000 tonnes were mined in the Drumheller area. Three years later the Drumheller mines ranked next in the Province to those in the Crowsnest and Lethbridge districts, with an output of 225,000 tonnes. By 1917 production had increased to 600,000 tonnes, moving Drumheller to second place in output in the province, second only to the Crowsnest district. It held this rank until 1960. Production, almost all from underground mining, rose to over a million tonnes a year by 1920 and remained between one and two million tonnes per year until 1954. Competition from newly discovered oil and natural gas, beginning around 1950 caused a steady loss of domestic coal markets, especially from underground mines. By 1960 Drumheller's production had fallen below a half a million tonnes per year and the field ranked third in output in the province, being surpassed by new stripping operations in the Castor field. By 1965 only a couple of producing mines remained in the Drumheller valley, and output was only about a quarter of a million tonnes per year(1). Throughout the life of the field production was seasonal, depending mainly on the domestic heating market. In 1979 the last mine ceased production. For the last several years of its operation it had remained open in the summers to provide tours for visitors(2). The Drumheller mining operations were located along or near the Red Deer River valley which is 300 to 400 feet deep, and extended from a few miles above the city of Drumheller to East Coulee, about 13 miles down the river in a south-easterly direction. Intervening mining communities existed for some years at Wayne and Rosedale. During the peak years of production some 2000 to 2500 miners and their families lived in these communities and the surrounding areas."

Jan 1, 1985

By H. Warren Newcomen, Dennis C. Martin

"This paper describes the investigation of a large, progressive slope failure on the southeast wall of the east pit at Highmont Mine, British Columbia Geotechnical investigation s consisted of geological and structural mapping, assessment of blasthole drilling records, review of rock core information, slope movement monitoring and back analysis of various possible failure modes. Climate records and mining history were also assessed to determine their relationship to slope movement.Analysis of movement monitoring records and geotechnical information indicates that the failure is deep seated. The upper portion of the failure surf ace occurs along clay filled discontinuities. The lower portion of the failure surf ace appears to occur through the highly altered rock mass. High groundwater pressures and mining at the toe of the slope are documented to have had a major influence on stability at various times during the failure. Stability analyses results are presented and possible remedial measures are discussed.IntroductionHighmont Mine is located near Logan Lake in the Highland Valley approximately 50 km southwest of Karnloops, British Columbia (Fig. I). Mining of the porphyry copper and molydenum ore bodies began in 1980. In May, 1983, when mining in the east pit had progressed to a depth of about 60 m (200 feet) , a failure (designated the Southeast Failure) began to develop in the southeast corner of the east pit. Subsequent mining to a depth of 110m (360 feet) was accompanied by frequent and substantial slope movements involving between 500000 and I 000 000 m3 of rock . The slope was monitored extensively to assess short-term movement trends for operational safety. Geological mapping, core logging and rock mechanics testing were used in conjunction with the long-term monitoring information to determine the failure mechanism, conduct stability analyses, assess the effects of instability on pit design and enable design and installation of remedial measures."

Jan 1, 1988

By Leroy G. Hagenbuch

"IntroductionAn integrated Truck Management Information System (Truck MIS) evolves as seemingly separate functions combined to yield a single homogeneous result / product. The concept of a computer integrated Truck MIS includes truck dispatch, truck maintenance management and truck weighing.A truck management system is only as good as the information / data bases input to it. The concept of an integrated system works best with automated data gathering. Automated data gathering provides timely and normally, the most accurate historical information/data bases. Data bases are, however, historical, which is a problem to be overcome in a computerized truck management information system, especially in regards to a truck dispatch system as loading sites / loading conditions and some dump site conditions continually change. As these changes occur, data base s must change as well, and thus the need for the continual update of data bases that the computer uses for a Truck MIS.For a truck dispatch system to achieve reliability / viability, dispatch decisions need to revolve around real time data gathered in an automated way. Integration of all truck management function s through automated data gathering lead s to the best over-all system.An integrated system is a combination of many different factors and is only as good as each factor / building block put in the system. With the proper building blocks, an integrated Truck MIS is very feasible - an MIS System that includes weighing, time and motion study, truck maintenance and maintenance management, as well as truck dispatch.Truck MISAn integrated Truck MIS provides for truck dispatch as the ultimate end result, a truly automated /integrated truck dispatch system (to function non-operator-dependent). The following comprises its central building blocks:-Time.- Haul Cycle Segments.Truck Status, i.e. Load on truck,- being loaded,- loaded,- unloaded,- in service,- out of service.- Vehicle Location.Loading Equipment Status.- in service,- out of service.Optional- distance travelled in each haul segment.With this data provided on a non-operator dependent basis, it is possible to build good data bases so a computer can make truck dispatch decisions. Knowing what information is needed as the central core to a good Truck MIS, how can this information be automatically gathered and fed into a central control computer?"

Jan 1, 1986

By D. Assmus, S. Daly

"Poor fragmentation, high toe areas, excessive shovel wear and tear and frequent re-drilling and blasting of certain tough waste rock zones in the Lomex pit in the early 1980snecessitateda better understanding of these zones.A combination of geotechnical mapping, penetration rate data, toe elevation contouring and observations on shovel and drill performance were used to determine the character and extent of these zones. This complementary information was brought together by the geotechnical mapper and the explosives supervisor.Distinct zones with particular geological characteristics were determined. A classification system with three types of blast and dig-ability was developed for the Lomex pit and later applied to the Valley pit, with considerable success. The three blast zone types are called ""poor"", ""f air"", and ""good"". This system will be described in detail.The explosives supervisor adjusted the blasting parameters to each zone, in particular, pattern spacing and burden. The resulting powder factors showed considerable variation between the poor, fair and good zones within each pit as well as between the two pits. Pattern geometry and length of collar were also adjusted to improve fragmentation. Cost savings resulted from less re-drilling and less wear and tear on drills and shovels in the poor zones and more efficient use of explosives in all the zones. An annual estimated cost savings of well in excess of $1,000,000 is realized at Highland Valley Copper. A by-product of the mapping was the determination of unstable structures and water flowing zones. Blasting was then adapted to this information for enhanced slope stability."

Jan 1, 1992

By R. J. Mitchell

"The use of hydraulically delivered classified tailings sands to provide ground support in large mining operations is still widespread despite recent developments of alternate backfilling methods and materials. The major disadvantages of the use of hydraulic fill are the costs and risks associated with slurry delivery. The main risk is that of bulkhead failure resulting from sand liquefaction due to insufficient operational control or due to dynamic loading from earthquake or rockburst. That risk may be eliminated by the pouring of a stiff cemented sand plug in the base of each stope prior to continuous fill pouring in that stope. An additional advantage of cemented plugs is that massive bulkheads are not needed. Instead, a temporary (removable and reusable) bulkhead can be used for plug forming.Physical model studies of fill pressures on a temporary bulkhead were carried out in a 3 m radius centrifuge facility. Fill pouring in-flight was carried out in order to model prototype stress paths. The results indicate that the average bulkhead pressure is likely to be less than 10 kPa under normal operating conditions and less than 20 kPa under the poorest anticipated operating conditions which include smooth walls, high slimes content and high water-content slurries. A portable bulkhead consisting of a central core and a surrounding sealing bladder was modelled and found to be effective. The use of different sizes of cores allowed the stress distribution adjacent to these bulkheads to be evaluated."

Jan 1, 1992

By Scott Beer

What New Technologies Will Drive Economic Improvements? ??Historical ?1060?s: Mainframe Technologies ?1970?s: Mini Computing ?1980?s: Workstation Computing ?1990?s: Personal Computing ?2000?s: Network Computing Internet PDAs Cellular phones ??What?s the next technology improvement? ??What?s next for Mining?

May 1, 2009

By Rick Hyndman

? Context: Ø Global action on climate change ? The situation of trade-exposed industry sectors ? The federal government?s draft plan for industry ? CAPP?s position ? Canadian emissions & Canada?s Kyoto target Simple Economic Theory of Dealing with Externalities ? Put cost on emissions Ø Carbon tax Ø Emission trading with auctioned permits ? GHG costs get reflected in the prices of energy alternatives, goods & services Ø Decisions driven by changes in relative prices ? Switching to lower emission fuels ? More energy efficient ways of producing ? More energy efficient appliances, cars, housing ? Reduced demand for energy intensive goods & services ? Anticipation of higher CO2 price drives low CO2 technology Development

Nov 1, 2002

By X. T. Zeng, X. Z. Ding, W. R. Chen, L. R. Zhao

The effect of deposition defects in metal nitride coatings on erosion behavior is presented. AlCrN, AlTiSiN, TiSiN and TiSiN:MoS2 coatings were fabricated by reactive cathodic arc evaporation and unbalanced magnetron sputtering processes. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the coatings were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and nanoindentation, and the erosion property was assessed by solid particle impingement testing. The erosion characteristics on the coating surface and cross section were analyzed and correlated to the defects, which played an important role by promoting formation of erosion pits.

Jan 1, 2006

By Jacques Ouellet

Outline What is Microwave energy Investigation of transparency of 40 minerals Melting of Andesite in a MW oven Numerical modeling /Computer Simulations o FEM analysis ?? Some laboratory experiments o Particle Modelling Mw Application to Rock Breakage o A MW Rock Drill Prototype Conclusions What is Microwave energy Microwave energy is an electromagnetic wave consisting two electronic & magnetic wave traveling perpendicular to each other and transporting energy with the speed of light.

May 1, 2008