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By M. Ye. Shulgina, M. L. Bolotin, S. A. Prokopev, Ye. S. Prokopev

Iron ores concentration at Russia’s operations is carried out using conventional flow sheets. They comprise the two-four stage grinding followed by one-two stage magnetic separation. This results in the maximum recovery of magnetite to concentrate and the tailings generation. The final concentrate is generated only during the last stage of magnetic separation. Technologically, this flow sheet layout is not effective at recovering the liberated magnetite grains during grinding to the resulting concentrate. Advanced models of magnetic separators do not allow for the selective separation of the tailings and the portion of the resulting iron ore concentrate. Magnetic product which is the ore mixture of the liberated magnetite grains, high grade and low grade intergrowths is directed to the next grinding stage. In this case, regrinding of the liberated magnetite occurs. In addition, the performance of hydrocyclones during classification in closed grinding circuits is poor. Their classification efficiency does not provide the material separation in accordance with the size. In this case, simultaneous separation in accordance with the density occurs. The quartz particles with the size of 300 mm have similar velocity and trajectory like the particles of magnetite with the size of 60 mm. As a result, light and coarser intergrowths report to the overflow and free heavy magnetite grains report to underflow and return to regrinding (“the density effect”). This resulted in a significant increase of a mill circulating load, the decrease in the feed throughput and higher power consumption. In this connection, the development of iron ore concentrate stage recovery with the focus on gradual liberation of the intergrowths is getting much attention. Gravity concentration technique, particularly, spiral separation is effective at solving the problem of stage recovery not only the dump waste product but also high grade magnetite concentrates at the early concentration stages. This can be attributed to a significant difference in magnetite (4.9-5.2 g/cm3) and host minerals (quartz 2.7 g/cm3) densities, which is the principal during gravity concentration. The test work on concentration of various products samples from current operations (the mills discharges, concentrates from various stages of wet magnetic separation and cyclones underflows) was carried out. Spiral separators SV-500 and ShV-500 manufactured by Spirit LLC were used for the test work. High grade iron ore concentrate (69.05% Fe) was generated during primary wet magnetic separation concentrate concentration using a spiral separator. During the concentration of mills discharges the content of iron in the resulting concentrates and middlings of wet magnetic separation II stage was 64.5% and 64.6%, respectively. The recovery of iron to the concentrates of spiral separation was 33.6-42.0%. The studies presented demonstrate that by using spiral separation for iron-bearing ores concentration, you can separate magnetite liberated grains at the early concentration stages, decrease their regrinding and circulating loads in grinding circuits. This process is able to improve the overall recovery and economics of iron ores concentration process.

Jan 1, 2016

By M. Muinonen, A. R. Barnes, R. Pandher, M. J. Lavigne

Over the past three years, Ring of Fire chromite ores have been tested extensively at both the bench scale and pilot scale at XPS Consulting and Testwork Services. Following bench scale testwork, two smelting campaigns were completed using a 300 kW DC arc furnace on different chromite deposits from the Ring of Fire. A ChemSheet model was developed to aid in the design and optimization of the recipes, and its predictions were confirmed with both the bench scale and pilot scale tests. A total of 7.5 tonnes of chromite ore was smelted at XPS. The results of the testwork demonstrate excellent reducibility for the ores tested with good reduction kinetics when compared with South African chromites.

Jan 1, 2014

By Ron Jessulat

"IntroductionBrunswick Mining and Smelting Corp. Ltd. is a IO 500 tid base metal producer. Development is carried out by Jarvis Clark MJM-21 3-boom development jumbos, using Tamrock E400, 410 and 550 pneumatic drills. Typical drift size is 13 ft by 18 ft with a 12-ft advance per round. Blast holes are 1 ½ in. in diameter while reamed holes are 3 in. in diameter. AN/FO is the principal blasting agent, being loaded by C-I-L model60R intermediate loader. The detonators are NONELS and DETINELS. Sulphide dust explosions occur during blasting when dusts from certain minerals such as pyrite and pyrrhotite are ignited by name from the detonating shots. The result is a secondary unwanted explosion with a characteristic shock wave and name front that are very destructive to mine services such as ventilation ducting, electrical cable, and ventilation control doors.A typical reaction in the Brunswick orebody occurs according to the chemical formula:4FeS 2 + IIOs-2Fe2O3 + 8SO2 + 3458--(Enright , 1988)The hematite (FeO3) is deposited as a red dust in the blast area while the toxic sulphur dioxide gas (S00 contaminates the underground workings . The presence of S02 gas disrupts production until it is purged from the area by the mine ventilation system or dissipates slowly in those areas where the vent ducting has been melted by the name front or torn down by the shock wave.Sulphide dust explosions exact a high economic toll. Direct costs in damaged materials and wages are probably exceeded by the value of lost production and disruption to the mining cycle. In addition, the health and safety concerns associated with sulphide dust explosions cannot be ignored."

Jan 1, 1993

By L. Zeka, I. Ndala, J. Frenay, S. Gaydardzhiev

"Reductive leaching of cobalt (III) from a heterogenite bearing ore has been performed. Pyrite was added to the system and simultaneously bioleached in order to provide ferrous iron as reducing agent. Within such arrangement the iron ions are continuously re-circulated inside a Fe 3+ / Fe 2+ loop. As a result Co(III) is solubilized in the presence of Fe 2+ ions in concentrations well below the stoichiometric requirement. The ore has been initially subjected to acid pre-leaching in order to guarantee that the available Co (II) has been entirely removed. Two technological parameters have been studied to show influence on the degree of cobalt leaching: concentration of ferric iron in the inoculum and the presence of bacteria. The bacterial role could be mainly viewed in supplying ferric ions in the system which chemically react with the pyrite to generate ferrous ions used as Co(III) reducing agent. Co(III) dissolution has been less efficient when the concentration of total iron in the system was low, but also when microorganisms were absent. SEM observations on leached heterogenite have evidenced bacterial attack on the mineral; however the precise role of bacterial presence on cobalt (III) leaching is still to be elucidated.INTRODUCTIONCobalt accompanies quite often copper in secondary oxidized ore deposits (Rumbu, 2013). In such associations cobalt is found both as CoII+ as well as CoIII+ (Deliens, 1974). In contrast to cobalt (III), cobalt (II) is leached relatively easy in sulphuric acid solutions. Cobalt (III) when present in mineral form belongs to the heterogenite mineral group with a simplified chemical formulae Co2O3.H2O or CoOOH. In order to be brought in solution, heterogenite should capture two electrons, likewise shown in reaction 1 below:"

Jan 1, 2016

By Bernard Tougas, Franco Chiesa, David Levasseur, Bernard Duchesne

"In the present paper, the optimization of a tilt poured permanent mold will be carried out using filling and solidification modeling. This exercise resulted in 3 modifications of the initial mold design which was based on the foundry experience. The optimization provided a 20% improvement in the yield while increasing the output from 10 to 15 castings per hour.In a subsequent study, the value of the critical fraction solid of AlSi7Mg (A356) alloy was verified by radiographic analysis of the castings produced in the first 5 cycles of a run, which are necessary to bring the mold to a dynamic thermal equilibrium."

Jan 1, 2014

By A. Atef

Vulnerability is a measure of the extent to which a community, structure, services or geographic area is likely to be damaged or disrupted by the impact of particular hazard. Current asset management practices focuses on studying factors that affect performance of isolated infrastructure networks and model a set of actions to control the expected performance of these networks. This approach ignores the underlying spatial and functional interdependencies among these infrastructure networks and their vulnerability. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new method that recognizes the effect of spatial and functional interdependencies on vulnerability rating of water, sewer and road networks. The proposed method consists of: 1) risk assessment model, 2) interdependency assessment model and 3) vulnerability assessment model. The risk model is composed of two modules: 1) water and sewer risk module and 2) road infrastructure module. The water and sewer risk module will cluster these assets into three risk categories based on environmental, social, operational and economical factors. The road infrastructure module will cluster road assets into three risk categories by using rational factorial technique based on road type, serviceability index, traffic load, and freeze and thaw index. The interdependency model will deploy the risk ranking to perform geospatial analysis in ArcGIS which results in determining the interdependent layers of waters, sewers and roads. The vulnerability model will deploy fuzzy neural networks technique to determine the vulnerability rating based on spatial and functional interdependencies. The fuzzy neural networks are utilized to overcome the lack of historical data and incorporate experts? preferences for establishing the knowledge base for vulnerability assessment. The expected contribution of this framework is to aid decision makers in understanding the interdependencies between civil infrastructure assets and to which extent such interdependencies can compromise assets performance.

Aug 1, 2013

By Pierre Giasson

"Les avantages de l'électricitéLe thème de la réunion 1982 de l'ICM District No. 2: "" Le défi des années 80 pour l'industrie minière de la Côte-Nord"" exprime trè s bien la réalité . En effet, la récession économique qui touche présentement tout le monde industrialisé, frappe de façon particulièrement sévère le marché du fer et de l'acier. Il est donc primordial pour les industries minières de la CôteNord de minimiser leurs coûts de production. Comme on sait, une bonne part des coûts de production est directement reliée à la consommation d'énergie.Si on retourne en arrière de quelques années, les prix des produits pétroliers étaient beaucoup moins élevé s que maintenant . Par exemple: A Philadelphie, en janvier 1930, le prix de l'huile no. 6 (bunker C) était de 1.22$ le baril. En 1940, le prix mondial du pétrole brut se situait aux environs de 1.80$ le baril et augmentait très lentement jusqu'en 1973. A la mi-octobre 1973, l'organisation des pays exportateurs de pétrole (O.P.E.P.) surprend le reste du monde en annonçant que le prix du brut grimpe à S.12$ le baril. .. on connaît la suite.On sait qu'au point de vue énergétique, le nord du Québec est l'une des régions les plus avantagées au monde. Malgré le fait que notre climat soit plutôt défavorable, nous sommes assurés d'une alimentation électrique à toute fin pratique éternelle, contrairement aux autres régions du globe. En effet, l' hydro-électricité ne représente que 2.S070 de toute l'électricité produite dans le monde.Une bonne partie de l'énergie consommée dans les industries minières de la Côte-Nord est utilisée pour produire la vapeur. Or, il y a plusieurs avantages à produire de la vapeur à partir de l'électricité:1. Le prix d'achat d'une chaudière électrique peut être moins de la moitié de celui d'une chaudière à carburant fo ssile.2. Le prix de l'électricité est plus bas que celu i des autres sources d'énergie disponibles dans notre région.3. Hydro-Québec offre un programme spéci al de subventions et un prix garanti de l'électricité, inférieur de 10070 à celui de tout autre combustible (1982).4. Souvent il est possible d'utiliser l'énergie hors pointe à un coût minime.S. L'espace requis pour un chaudière électrique est beaucoup moindre. Par exemple: une chaudière d'une capacité de 120000 Ibs/hre ne demande que SO pi? de plancher, c'est-à-dire un cercle de 8 pieds de diamètre comparativement à environ 600 à 700 pi2 pour une chaudière au ma zout.6. Aucun espace n'est requis pour l'entreposage du carburant.7. Aucun espace n'est requis pour la cheminée.8. Il n' y a que très peu de pièce s mécaniques, donc ces chaudières demandent très peu d 'entretien .9. Les chaudières électriques ne génèrent aucune pollution, donc on n'a pas besoin d'équipement coûteux de contrôle de la pollution.10. Ces chaudières sont extrêmement rapides. En effet, on peut passer de zéro à la production maximum en moins d'une heure si la chaudière est froide et en quelques secondes seulement si la chaudière est à sa température d'opération.11. L'efficacité de ces appareils est au moins de 9S% par rapport à 80-8S% pour les chaudières au ma zout. De plus, cette efficacité demeure la même quel que soit le niveau de production de la chaudière. Il faut faire attention ici: les manufacturiers proposent des rendements de 99% et plus, mais ceci ne tient compte que des pertes de chaleur à travers l'enveloppe, et de l'énergie nécessaire au fonctionnement de la pompe de circulation. Il faut ajouter à cela l'énergie perdue à cause de la vidange qui varie selon le type de chaudière et selon la qualité de l'eau d'alimentation.12. Ajoutons simplement que ces appareils sont très facile à opérer du fait qu'il n'y a aucun système complexe à manipuler.Cependant, il y a un inconvénient non négligeable à utiliser l'électricité comme source d'énergie: comme on ne peut pas emmagasiner l'énergie électrique, nous sommes à la merci du fournisseur."

Jan 1, 1985

By Jaime V. Ongpin

"The author will give a capsule history of Benguet Corporation and attempt to identify its operating environment and underlying ""strategy"" until 1974, when the company's management assumed office. The company's operating environment and ""interim strategy"" from 1975 to 1980 will be described. The discussion will cover an environmental forecast and define the company's"" strategy for survival"" for the balance of this century.IntroductionIn December last year, I was asked to deliver a pa per for the management lecture series a t the Asian Institute of Management in Manila. The paper was entitled "" The 1970's: A Decade of Disaster For New Mining Projects"" . In that paper, it was my task to review the results of new mining projects in the Philippines during the previous decade. The task was not a happy one, for the results themselves were not only unhappy, but disastrous on a scale unprecedented in Philippine history. Out of a total of 17 major mining project s involving an aggregate capital investment in excess o f US $2 billion during the 1970s, only three project s have been profitable, and all the rest have either gone "" belly up"" or are teetering on the very edge of financial disaster.It is in the context of this shocking record of widespread financial dislocation in the Philippine mining industry, (which in varying degrees appears to have been paralleled in virtually every other country in the world where mining is an important sector of the economy) that I address myself tonight to the theme of this symposium. My paper is entitled ""Risk Management Strategy in Mining"" and it is sub titled ""Can Benguet Corporation Survive to Celebrate its Centennial in 2003?"". I have inserted the word ""Strategy"" and added the subtitle, because I wish to make it clear first, that my presentation to you tonight will be focused exclusively on the strategic aspect s of risk management, and second that I will limit myself to Benguet's own ""in-house"" experience and perspectives on this subject. I would caution you therefore, to consider my views within this restricted framework, and in light of the particular and sometimes peculiar circumstances within which Benguet Corporation operates."

Jan 1, 1983

By D. Crone, T. Watts

"The Lindsley project was a program of deep drilling to test the contact down-dip from two nickel-copper deposits, one uneconomical and the other mined out. The role of Borehole Pulse EM(PEM) was to detect the higher grade, more massive sulphide zones if they were missed by a drillhole, and to help determine geometry if the zones were intersected. Two problems appeared as the PEM survey progressed: (1) conductivity-thickness as measured by the PEM did not always relate to economic sulphides as determined by the market; (2) a pattern of unusual PEM anomalies was obtained that indicated something odd and big, but the cause was unknown. A large fold structure subsequently was indicated by a program of deepening previous holes, the third of which intersected high-grade mineralization below 1280 m. Falconbridge is in the process of shaft sinking and underground exploration.IntroductionThe Falconbridge Lindsley property is on the south rim of the Sudbury basin, 8 Ian north of downtown Sudbury. The original property was acquired by a prospector named James Stobie, who, in early August 1885, staked a showing that later became the Mount Nickel mine (Fig. I). On August 10 Stobie staked another property that would become the Little Stobie mine, and at the end of the same month he staked the main Stobie orebody.In 1888, the ground immediately west of the MOlU1t Nickel find was staked. This ground contained the Blezard deposit (Fig. 1) which was put into production in 1889 and was eventually acquired by Inco. Down-dip from the Blezard workings, on Falconbridge ground, is located the upper Lindsley No. 1 deposit which was drilled off by Falconbridge in the 1940s to 1950s. A decision to go underground on the Lindsley No.1 mineralization was made in 1969, but the project was cancelled in 1971 because of declining nickel prices. The shaft was stopped at 95 m, and the headframe and hoist were sold. Further surface exploration drilling in the 1970s discovered the deeper Lindsley No. 2 zone, but as it had grades similar to those of the No. 1 zone, it too was considered uneconomic."

Jan 1, 1992

By Yu. V. Ponomarenko, A. I. Meka, P. A. Witherspoon, Yu. I. Volkov, J. E. Gale

"The mining of iron ore in the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly (KMA) region of the U.S.S.R. is done mostly by the open-cut method. An assembly of open pits capable of producing about 100 million tons of ore per year makes KMA the largest iron ore field in the world. Three gigantic open pits are currently in operation: Lebedinsky, Mikhailovsky and Stoilensky. These pits are as large as 13 km2 on the surface and as deep as 230 m. The mining operations are constantly faced with the problem of flooding from aquifers that overlie the orebodies; the magnitude of the problem is evident from the fact that the present groundwater inflow to these three pits is about 110 million mt /yr.Under such conditions, safe operations and pit wall stability are of great importance, and this has been accomplished very effectively by the appropriate use of seepage barriers and drainage systems. At KMA, the most important items used in the system of groundwater control are standard pumping wells, raise wells that drain into a 20 km to 30 km long underground drift located just outside the perimeter of the pit, horizontal wells driven through the pit walls, and horizontal drains. This paper describes the mining and engineering technology that have been developed at KMA to control the groundwater systems and protect the mines from flooding."

Jan 1, 1992

By J. Erik Scheel

Overview ? About Hard Creek Nickel ? Turnagain property ? Proposed power line ? Recent Preliminary Assessment ? Favourable economics ? Property Geology ? Mineralization and metallurgical characteristics of major lithologies ? Development of the acNi (ammonimum-citrate H2O2) technique ? Overview of necessary steps ? Results of the technique ? Conclusions

May 1, 2008

By Michael Farley, Paul Dufour

"Relationships, Partnerships,Marriages (RPM)RPM has a nice musical ring to it, but it is in fact synonymous with science and technology, university-government -corporate links and the more genera l issue of university roles in technology development. Pick up any report on one of these issues, and chances are that you will find one of these key words in the title. Play it, and you will find that the revolutions per minute are increasing. It is difficult to keep track of the wide variety of institutional experiments now developing in Canadian universities in attempts to marry science and research with technology commercialization and technology transfer.Why is the role of Canadian universities in this matter important? There are at least five good reasons:1. It is important because these knowledge institutions are producer s of scientific research, a major component of technology. Today the gap between the two is rapidly shrinking.2. It ' is important because Canadian industry is turning to universities for tech no logy development and new knowledge. Figure 1 shows that universities are becoming an important source of technology available to Canadian firm s; more important in fact than government. Figure 2 illustrates this trend more graphically in showing that university collaboration is one of the preferred methods of industry participating in co-operative R&D efforts:3. The role of Canadian universities in technology development is also important because the provincial and federal governments have embarked on various programs and policies for promoting the use of technology and science for economic benefit. Universities are playing an increasing role here. For example, the submission of IDEA Corporation (a venture capital operation funded by the government) in Ontario to the Bovey Commission on the Future Development of Ontario Universities clearly spelled out its ideas for commercialization of university research in Ontario . Among other things, the brief suggested that Ontario's universities need to be better equipped to transfer technology, and the reward structure in university research must incorporate industrial interests."

Jan 1, 1986

By D. W. I. Griffiths, J. C. Bélanger

"La Division Matagami de Minéraux Noranda inc. a profité de la construction de sa nouvelle mine (Isle-Dieu) pour continuer sa modernisation.L'utilisation d'automates programmables (PLC) s'est intensifiée pour contrôler et automatiser de plus en plus d'équipement dans ses minessouterraines, au concentrateur, dans les atelierset bureaux.Tous les PLC comrnuniquent entre eux et les IBM PC sont utilisespour exterioriser l'information et faire Ie lien entre Ie personnel et les automates. Le système Central IBM 36 emmagasine les donnees traitees par lesPLC (a travers les PC). Ces donnees sont transmisesau programme d'entretien de chaque equipement et compile les heures, cycles, tonnes, etc., fait imprimer automatiquement les feuilles d'entretien préventif ', etc.Les principales realisations adate et en progrès pour la mine Isle-Dieu sont:• automation complète du système de remblayage du concentrateur ala mine Isle-Dieu situee a2 km de la mine principale;• automation du fonctionnnement des ventilateurs qui comprendra la position des portes de ventilation, Ie chauffage, Ie débit, etc.;• automation des pompes, surveillance des sous stat ions électriques, concentration des gas (CO, SO2) à chaque niveau en tout temps et du propane à l'entree d'air frais;• tonnage et cycles par Ie treuil; et• contrôle d'autres équipernents à differénts niveaux. D'autres travaux furent egalement effectues par les employes, tels que:• la conversion d'un Scooptram ST5A de diesel à électrique;• I'installation complete de systèmes de depoussierage a I'eau (scrubber) pour le concassage secondaire;• I'installation d'un marteau hydraulique avant les concasseurs coniques;• la rénovation des cellules de flottation ; et• l'installation d'un système de gardiennage par caméra. D'autres projets seront effectués ou étudiés:• automation d'un Scooptram"";• automation d'un marteau hydraulique;• récupération de Scooptrarn; téléguidé:• gestion de l'énergie, contrôle de la demande, surveillance et contrôle de l'équipernent de machines fixes(compresseurs, boulloires, pompes à vide, génératrices, débits et pression d'air, eau pour diagnostiquer les problémes, analyser les coûts;• concasseur portatif pour fabriquer de la pierre concassée pour utiliser dans les chemins sous-terre, et• utilisation de micro-ondes pour transmettre les images captées par camera."

Jan 1, 1990

By Pierre Laliberté

Objectifs ?Quantifier les économies d?énergie potentielles liées àl?utilisation de différentes technologies ?Créer un modèle permettant d?évaluer les économies possibles d?énergie en combinant plusieurs technologies ?On ne peut simplement additionner les pourcentages d?économie individuels pour en évaluer le total.

Feb 1, 2008

By J. Béland, C. Giguère

"The auriferous mineralization at the Sigma-2 gold mine occurs in quartz-carbonate-tourmaline veins emplaced in a fractured granaphyre layer in the upper part of a differentiated gabbro-diorite sill. Kinematic indicators show that fracture planes were active as strike slip, dip-slip (reverse) and tensional faults.Measurements of attitudes of fractures and movement vectors indicate eight different sets that can be grouped into three systems: (I) an east-west oriented system includes a subvertical set and two other sets dipping north and south respectively; (2) a subhorizontal system of two conjugate sets bisected by a third tensional set; and (3)a system of sub vertical conjugate northeast and north-northwest trending sets.Kinematic analysis indicates that the subvertical set of the east west system was subjected to dextral strike-slip movement activated by a northwest-southeast compressive stress whereas the bulk deformation resulting from the remaining and subsequent seven sets can be explained by a protracted subhorizontal north-south compressive stress.The valuable gold mineralization is found principally in the fracture-filling veins of the subhorizontal system and subordinately in the other sets; among these other sets, the NE trending subvertical one is slightly more favourable.The over-all tectonic picture is that of an early mild dextral strike slip faulting in a ductile-brittle medium followed by a general flattening involving, first, a vertical and, later, a lateral extension by fracturing in a medium that had become brittle.The structural features are such that the differentiated sill could not be the source of the auriferous hydrothermal solutions."

Jan 1, 1990

By Peter Harben

"This paper discusses the benefits of industrial minerals, their sources of supply, price and marketing trends, and their increasing use as substitute materials and ""strategic"" minerals. IntroductionKaolin finds have yet to spark the kind of frenzy associated with the 1849 California gold rush; no dolomite deposit has ever gained the notoriety of the Comstock Lode; and few industrial minerals are counted among the currently fashionable list of "" strategic mineral s"". Nevertheless, the glamorous zhine associated with metals may be somewhat superficial; further digging provides perhaps the real foundation of modern society - industrial minerals.They are often tagged as common, everyday materials that are simply dug out of the ground, crushed and hauled to a local point of consumption. Although this description is accurate in the case of road aggregates, sand and gravel, and the like, there are many exceptions to this rule. The term industrial minerals is rather nebulous, covering as it does the mundane and esoteric, the chemically active and the refractory, the $2 and the $10m-a-ton product. All of these minerals influence every facet of modern life from fertilizers to fire retardants, ceramics to cars, construction to clothes, and toothpaste to tennis courts. Their usefulness is well illustrated by the variety of industries they serve; the main ones are listed in Table 1. It is now time to dismiss the notion of non-metallics as the ""third world"" of natural resources business after the metallic and energy products by dispelling some of the myths regarding abundance, variety and value of the group's sixty-plus products."

Jan 1, 1982

By C. Desmeules

"Carbon addition in the oxide pelletizing process is a big concern at the Sidbec-Normines pelletizing plant since 1976.Laboratory pot-grate testing carried out before the initial start-up of the Port-Cartier plant indicated that the nominal pelletizing grate capacity could be increased by fifteen per cent with a suitable carbon addition. Also an improved induration cycle offered the possibility of a significant energy reduction within the process with no adverse effect on pellet quality. A one-month plant scale program duplicated the lab test results and confirmed the anticipated cost saving by using these techniques. Since March 1980, Sidbec-Normines used coke addition as a current operation.This paper reviews briefly earlier laboratory and in-plant test work carried out to investigate the effects of adding carbon materials to the Fire Lake hematite concentrate, and presents operation techniques and plant results of carbon addition in the Port -Cattier pellet plant.IntroductionThe Sidbec-Normines pelletizing plant at Port-Cartier, Quebec, is designed to produce six million ton s per year of oxide pellet s. It is a Dravo-built two-line plant; one line to produce three million s tons per year of blast furnace grade pellets averaging 5.5 per cent silica, and another line of three million ton s to produce direct reduction grade pellets of about 2.0 percent silica.The laboratory pot-grate test program was conducted in 1977 at the British Steel Corporation Research Laboratories in England, with the assistance of J .E. Appleby, consultant to British Steel Corporation (overseas services) Limited.The purpose of that test program was to determine the optimum energy saving cycle and to study the physical and metallurgical effects on blast furnace and direct reduction pellets."

Jan 1, 1983

By Halet. R. A.

"The Quesabe Mine, owned by Brunston Mines Limited, is a gold deposit in the south central part of Duprat Township, northwestern Quebec, about 10 miles northwest of Noranda.It is one of the few gold mines in Canada developed since World War II. The occurrence of gold in the Quesabe fault structure has been known for many years, but serious exploration did not begin until 1945. By 1949, 15,000 feet of diamond drilling had been completed and a shaft sunk to a depth of 635 feet, with lateral development on the 450 and 600 foot levels. In 1949 and 1950 a new shaft was sunk to 1,050 feet, new levels were established at 800 and 1,000 feet, and ore was mined and shipped to the Noranda smelter. After November 1950 the ore mined was treated in the company's own mill. The grade of ore was marginal under existing economic conditions, and production was suspended in April 1952. The mine produced about 100,000 tons of ore with an average grade of approximately 0.25 ounces of gold per ton.GeologyThe bedrock formations are all Precambrian, and the general geology of the area has been described by W. G. Robinson (1). The rocks in the vicinity of the mine are acidic and basic volcanics of the Keewatin series (andesite, rhyolite, agglomerates, tuffs) invaded by the Flavrian Lake granite stock, and by dykes and irregular masses of intrusive felsite, quartz porphyry, syenite-porphyry, diorite, and lamprophyre.The mine workings are in andesite and felsite, about 2,500 feet west of the western margin of the Flavrian Lake stock.The principal structural feature of the area, from an economic point of view, is the Quesabe fault. This steeply-dipping fault cuts all the rock formations of the area, and has been traced for about 11 miles along a strike of north 65 degrees east from Lake Arnoux in the northeast corner of Dasserat Township to Duprat Lake near the east boundary of Duprat Township."

Jan 1, 1949

By S. Wood

"Plastic Filled Valley (PFV) wire rope represents a significant development over the design of conventional wire rope. A sealing thermoplastic is impregnated under controlled conditions of temperature and pressure into a conventional lubricated wire rope to produce a lattice of plastic which surrounds and separates the strands from each other and from the core. Metal-to-metal contact is thereby alleviated and the lubricant is sealed in. The wear resistance, rope breaking load, fatigue resistance and crushing resistance are all increased. The result is a rope which offers exceptional service life.Laboratory tests carried out in Canada and at the University of Stuttgart, in West Germany, confirm the increase in fatigue life. The field trials conducted so far have indicated that the results obtained in the laboratory can be duplicated in the field.IntroductionIn times of double -digit inflation, the consideration given to operating costs throughout industry commands considerable attention. The same can be said of the mining industry. A set of large-diameter wire ropes used on the huge draglines in strip mining can cost in excess of $100,000. Because a machine may use three sets of rope s each year, it is clear that the costs of wire rope can contribute a considerable percentage to any operating budget. As wire rope is a product which is used extensively throughout the mining industry, it would appear timely to turn our attention to any ""Method of Extending Wire Rope Service Life"" in order that wire rope life can be optimized and wire rope costs can be minimized."

Jan 1, 1982

By Ted J. Smith, Stephen E. Kesler

"Zonation patterns are welt developed in the mafic metavolcanic rocks that host epigenetic quartz-carbonate-gold vein mineralization at the Hollinger-McIntyre deposit. Carbonate alteration assemblages are strongly zoned about mineralization. Proceeding inward from background greenschist facies rocks to alteration envelopes enclosing individual veins, the following assemblages are observed:Assemblage I-quartz-albite-chlorite-epidote-actinolite-(calcite)Assemblage II-quartz-albite-chlorite-calcite-epidoteAssemblage III-quartz-ankerite-sericite-(chlorite-calcite)Assemblage IV-quartz-albite-ankerite-sericiteLithogeochemical zoning is equally well developed as variations in whole-rock abundances ofAs, Au, Ba, Rb, and Sb. As and Ba form the most useful zonation patterns, outlining individual ore zones as well as broader trends of mineralization.Gas chromatographic analyses of fluid inclusions in the quartz-carbonate veins indicate that the mineralizing fluid was an H20-C02 mixture. Locally, CH4-rich fluid inclusions are associated with graphitic and/or carbonaceous wallrocks. Fluid inclusions in ore-bearing veins have higher CO2 contents than those in non-ore veins. Extensive sampling and analyses of veins from the area surrounding the deposit reveals a well developed zonation of CO2 contents about the main zone of mineralization. Low CO2 levels (1-2 mole%) in veins are peripheral to the deposit and increase to over 12 mole% in mineralized zones.The observed zoning of the carbonate alteration assemblages is a result of the addition of CO2 to the wallrock, which is consistent with the zoning of CO2 in the fluid inclusions.The zoning patterns delineated in this study are useful in exploration both on a deposit scale and on the scale of individual ore zones."

Jan 1, 1985