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By Maria Agostina Cinellu

Some aspects of the reactivity of the two different kinds of gold(III) oxo complexes [Au2(N,N)2(?-O)2][X]2 [N,N = 2,2'-bipyridine (bipy) (1), 6-alkyl-2,2'-bipyridine (bipyR) (2), R = Me a, CH2Me b, CHMe2 c, CMe3 d, CH2CMe3 e] and [Au2(C,N,N)2(?-O)][X]2 [HC,N,N = 6-benzyl-2,2'-bipyridine (bipyR') (3), R' = CHMeC6H5 a, CMe2C6H5 b] (X = BF4, PF6) have been studied. Treatment with water converts the unsubstituted bipyridine complex [Au2(bipy)2(?-O)2][PF6]2 (1) and the cyclometallated derivatives [Au2(C,N,N)2(?-O)][PF6]2 (3) into the water soluble monomeric hydroxo species [Au(bipy)(OH)2][PF6] (4) and [Au(C,N,N)(OH)][PF6] (5), respectively. These hydroxo species, likely the intermediates in the formation of the oxo complexes, are quantitatively reverted to the latter ones by reflux in anhydrous solvents. Both kinds of oxo complexes react with PPh3 to give OPPh3, the gold(I) complex [Au(PPh3)2][PF6] and the free bipyridine ligands. The reaction of the dioxo complexes [Au2(bipyR)2(?-O)2][PF6]2 (2a, 2b, 2c, 2e) with different alkenes gives the unprecedented alkene complexes [Au(bipyR)(?2-alkene)][PF6]. The styrene adduct [Au(bipyip)(?2- CH2=CHPh)][PF6] (7) (bipyip = 6-iso-propyl-2,2?-bipyridine c) has been characterized, inter alia, by X-ray diffraction analysis. Organic products arising from olefin oxidation are also found in the reaction mixture.

Oct 1, 2003

By D. Y. Kim

This paper shows an approach that a gondola-typed robot recognizes walls on building facades. It is applicable for autonomous or teleoperated building façade painting robots. The robot may react based on the wall classification data. This approach is based on 2D LRF(two-dimensional Laser Range Finder). The robot acquires relative distances to walls, and a Kalman filter decides correspondence of walls. An ARS(Attribute Reference System) sensor helps convert LRF coordinate to global coordinate. The experimental results demonstrate the conversion of LRF data.

Aug 1, 2013

By J. B. De Hart

In the September issue of the Bulletin, 1923, there is a paper by J. A. H. Church on "The Spontaneous Combustion of Coal in Mines", which is more or less a general discussion of the subject. Mr. Church gives a list of mine fires which have occurred in Alberta. Of the total of thirteen fires, six are attributed to spontaneous combustion. Of these six fires, it will be noted that five are in thick pitching seams. These fires occurred in the following mines during the years shown, at Frank in 1909; at Lovett in 1916; at Cadomin in 1920; at Yellowhead in 1922, and at Cadomin in 1923. Every one of these fires has occurred, as Mr. Church points out, in a seam of over 12 feet in thickness, and furthermore not one of these fires has been extinguished, although in every case large sums of money were expended and considerable risks . taken in fire fighting. Now it is quite evident from these facts that mines working seams of this nature are faced with a very grave danger and it behooves us to study the matter and endeavor to arrive at some practical method of preventing the loss of our coal mines from this cause.

Jan 1, 1924

By Fidelis T. Suorineni

The conditions for rockburst occurrence are traditionally identified as: high stress, high extraction ratio, strong brittle rocks, folding, faulting, and unfavourable excavation geometry. Based on a critical review of case histories, this paper identifies oblique loading of orebodies by the major far field principal stress as a cause of rockbursts. Orebodies subjected to this loading condition are termed orebodies in shear. Orebodies in shear are subjected to compressive and shear loads. The case histories presented unambiguously show that the magnitudes of the far field principal stress alone, and a knowledge of the conventional rockburst causing factors are not sufficient for mine planning and design. The orientation of the major far field principal stress, or for that matter the driving stress relative to the orebody axis, should be recognised as one of the causes of rockbursts. It is suggested that since stress orientation is an important factor, and orientations from stress measurements are so variable, orientations from stress measurement data be complemented with underground observations from borehole and excavation breakouts to determine the actual in situ stress orientation, whenever possible. Also stress modelling for the design of critical elements (pillars) should include a sensitivity analysis on the relative critical field stress direction. The paper emphasises that special attention should be paid to or

Jun 1, 2012

By R. B. STEWART

A few days ago, while reading a report of the late Dr. Robert Bell in preparation for this afternoon's meeting, I found some impressive figures concerning the magnitude of the Hudson Bay basin. From the waters of the Bay itself, this great territory extends eastward 500 miles, westward l,300 miles to the Rocky mountains, and southward to the source of the Red river. It has a width of 2,100 miles from east to west, and a length of l,500 miles from north to south. Its area is almost three million square miles. It is not, of course, my intention to review the natural resources of this vast territory, but to confine my remarks to that portion of it adjacent to the waters of Hudson bay. A number of erroneous ideas exist in the minds of many concerning this northern country, especially as regards its latitude and climate. Burwell, at the entrance of Hudson strait, is in the latitude of 60 degrees or roughly that of the north of Scotland. The southern end of James bay has about the same latitude as the northern end of Vancouver .island.

Jan 1, 1928

By Mohammadreza Jalali

Alberta contains over 400 billion barrels of viscous crude oil in fractured carbonates but there is no viable extraction technology as yet. Petroleum geomechanics has become a vital part of the assessment of such hydrocarbon reserves, especially for naturally fractured cases, which are particularly challenging in terms of accurate recovery prediction because of joint fabric complexity and lithological heterogeneity. As a result of interconnected fractures, transport properties of fractures (mostly permeability issues rather than thermal effects) are affected by production and injection activities that change the pore pressures, temperatures, saturations, and effective stresses. Enhanced oil recovery methods involving massive amounts of fluid injection (hot or cold) at high pressure (pinj) may be used to mobilize and produce the oil; therefore, deeper understanding of the fractured systems is desirable. Pressure and temperature variations in a fractured reservoir change the in situ stresses in the reservoir and surrounding rocks; this affects fracture apertures, radically changing the bulk flow properties because flux rate is highly sensitive to aperture. Hence, coupled pressure, temperature and effective stress changes must be considered for fractured reservoirs under a thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) coupling approach.A hybrid FDM/DDM coupled method is presented to couple pore pressure and stress around a fracture in an impermeable matrix block. Deformation and stresses are calculated in each time step and then fracture permeability, which is the most sensitive petrophysical parameter in fractured reservoirs, is updated based on the fracture aperture variation. This model is then verified with UDEC (Universal Distinct Element Code) which uses a discrete approach to cope with fractured rock mass behavior.

Jun 1, 2012

By David J. McDougall

"The production of pig iron, wrought iron bars and castings in Quebec during the 18th and 19th centuries has been so closely identified by historians with Les Forges du St. Maurice on the St. Maurice River a few miles north of Trois Rivieres (Three Rivers), that one is sometimes left with the impression that it was the only iron works that ever operated in the province. There were however, about twelve others, one of which was so completely re-built that it should probably be considered as a separate entity. All but two were constructed after the midpoint of the 1800s, coinciding with the growing Canadian demand for ""charcoal pig"" for railway car wheels and castings for industry, and about half of them were technically, if not economically, successful. The misconception about Les Forges du St. Maurice may have come about either because of its long history of somewhat less than continuous production over a century and a half, or a tendency of Quebec historians to concentrate on events in the French-Canadian milieu, but whatever the reason, the other Quebec iron works have been generally ignored. All but one of the Quebec blast furnaces could be described as ""pre-industrial"" with capacities ranging between three and ten tons per day, the exception being the Radnor furnace built in 1892 with a maximum production of about 35 tons per day and an alleged capacity of 50 tons per day. Until a railway network was completed in the 1880s, the location of all the Quebec iron works except the Grantham Iron works was dictated by close proximity to adequate ore reserves because horse transport was of little use beyond a ten-mile radius. The other essentials of forest resources (mainly soft woods) for charcoal, limestone for flux and water power, were generally available except within a few miles on either side of the St. Lawrence River. Among the dozen iron works established in Quebec between 1732 and 1880, seven used bog iron ore in charcoal-fired furnaces. Five of these, including Les Forges du St. Maurice, were located on or near the St. Maurice River which enters the St. Lawrence River from the north, and two, the St. Francis Forges and the Grantham Iron works were on or near the St. Francis River which enters the St. Lawrence from the south. In a general way deposits of bog iron ore in the St. Lawrence lowlands of Quebec were contained within the limits of the post-glacial Champlain Sea, with many clustered along the flanks of the St. Narcisse recessional moraine which is crossed by the St. Maurice and other near-by streams, and the Drummondville recessional moraine which is crossed by the St. Francis River."

Jan 1, 1999

By Kenichi Fujino

Severe disasters have struck Japan in recent years. Following these disasters, construction robots have played important roles in investigation and restoration work in the disaster regions. To be applied in this way, construction robots require many functions according to the purpose of their use in each case. There are clear differences in the functions and usage conditions required by investigation robots and those required by execution robots. These differences will be important when designing and operating construction robots in the future. This report introduces a volcano exploration robot and unmanned execution system as examples of construction robots used for investigations and executions respectively. Based on this, the report organizes important characteristics of construction robots and explains differences in the concepts of disaster investigation robots and disaster restoration robots. Because they are used in harsh natural conditions and do not have any execution functions, efforts are made to clarify the fact that investigation robots have to overcome many problems such as mobility. When a construction robot is used, the scenario of the operation of the construction robot (execution plan) is extremely important, and in addition, it is necessary to clearly define the way it will be used according to the purpose of its use and specification conditions. In a plan for an unmanned execution system, it is possible to mitigate several strict prerequisite conditions by proposing a well-constructed execution plan. For example, the execution efficiency of an unmanned execution system can be improved by effectively using a temporary road.

Aug 1, 2013

By Richard E. J. Putman

THE MINERALS INDUSTRY has always been a heavy user of energy in most of its unit operations: power in the mining, comminution, flotation and electro-winning processes; fuel in its smelting and other metallurgical processes; and, of course, fuel in the on-site generation of power and steam. Many of the techniques for using computers to perform energy management and conservation tasks have been known for some time, but they have not been widely implemented because the return on investment has hitherto been insufficient. Recent trends, however, have not only caused the dollar return to rise due to higher purchased energy costs, but the cost of the investment to fall. One trend has been the generally lower cost of computer control systems themselves, due to vendors having adopted the newer, lower-cost and more reliable electronic component technologies now becoming universally available. The second trend is the development of low-cost, but high-speed, remote multiplexing devices, which have reduced considerably the expense of bringing data from points scattered over a wide area, which is typically the case when applying energy management systems to a minerals processing plant. By taking advantage of these and related developments, computer control systems can now have a rewarding impact on plant energy management and conservation practices, and recent advances in application technology have opened up new and additional opportunities for energy cost reduction and control.

Jan 1, 1978

By A. R. Turner

AERIAL survey methods have made enormous technical advances and gained new recognition since World War II. Before enlarging on this statement and reviewing some of the uses of aerial survey in industrial development it is important to de-fine what is meant by "aerial survey". The subject will be discussed in the broadest sense and references will be made to the four sections that compose the overall field of surveying operations from the air. These are: 1. Aerial photography and photo-graphic mapping. 2. The use of airborne electronic instruments for geodetic distance measurement and the determination of ground elevations. 3. Airborne geophysical surveying. 4. The extraction of qualitative and quantitative information from aerial photographs through the processes of "reading", analysis and interpretation. Many sciences and techniques are combined in aerial survey operations. The tools of the business include aircraft, finely engineered cameras, elaborate film processing and printing equipment, ground survey instruments, precision stereo-plotting instruments, map -

Jan 1, 1961

By J. M. Paxton, R. L. Roscoe, G. A. McCreary, W. W. Muir, T. J. Drown, D. A. Barr, T. W. Law

"This paper reviews the complete cycle of a small mining operation in a remote section of northern British Columbia, including discovery, exploration, development and production. The discovery of high-grade epithermal gold-silver mineralization occurred in 1969 following a regional geochemical reconnaissance program designed to search for porphyry copper mineralization in the Cassiar-Omineca Mountains. Exploration and development from 1971 to 1979 included geological, geochemical and geophysical surveys; trenching, almost 30 000 feet of surface and underground drilling in about 100 holes and cross-cutting, drifting and raising on the principal goldsilver- bearing vein. This led to the delineation of 100000 tons at an estimated grade of0.9 oz gold per ton and 18 oz silver per [on to an average depth of 120 feet below surface. of a 100-ton per day mining operation employing about 50 personnel with all supporting infrastructure transported to the site by a Hercules aircraft. The operation was subsequently supported by its own Twin Otter aircraft with periodic Hercules campaigns supplying major items including fuel.The mining operation included both open-pit and cut-and-fill methods. The milling operation employed conventional cyanide leach process with cyanide destruction initially by alkali chlorination and subsequently by the Inco SOl /Air process.The fly-in operation, initially structured on a 21-day-in and 7-day-out basis was modified to al-t-day-in and Z-day-out basis with no loss in efficiency and with a significant increase in employee satisfaction. The operation, which earned the B.C. Small Mines Safety A ward in two consecutive years in its Ll-month operating history, emphasized safety and process hazard awareness. Wildlife studies in the environmentally sensitive mine area also showed that industry and wildlife can coexist in harmony.Most importantly, the paper compares the feasibility assumptions with actual operating experience."

Jan 1, 1986

By G. A. Kosick, M. Freberg, L. A. Kuehn

"Highly variable and higher than forecast lead miff feed grades were problems experienced at the Polaris Concentrator. Limited flotation capacity and poor operating flexibility prevented the plant operators from overcoming these difficulties, and resulted in grades and recoveries which were lower than necessary.Two column cells were integrated into the lead circuit in an effort to give the operators the tools they required to achieve the best grades and recoveries possible, regardless of the miff feed grade. Installation of the column cells increased lead concentrate grade from 76% to 79.3% Pb, and increased lead recovery from 9/% to 91.3% Pb.This paper reviews the design, development and operation of column flotation cells in the lead circuit at the Polaris Mine.IntroductionThe Polaris Concentrator was constructed in 1980 on a barge in Trois Rivieres, Quebec, and towed to its pre sent location on Little Cornwallis Island, Northwest Territories, about 1450 km from the North Pole. The plant presently treat s about 2800 mtpd of new feed with average feed grades of 3010 Pb, 13% Zn and 5% Fe. Current production averages 36 000 tonnes of lead concentrate and 220 000 tonnes of zinc concentrate annually.The barge design and min e location dictated that the concentrator .be compact with very little unused floor space. As a result, flexibility was limited in terms of expanding the plant.Mill feed grades were highly variable and above forecast and the lead flotation circuit was found to be under capacity. This caused continued overloads in the lead cleaning circuit, resulting in low concentrate grades and recoveries. It was evident that an increase in lead flotation capacity and flexibility was necessary. The existing floor space did not allow for the installation of additional conventional flotation cells, but one alternative was the installation of column cells."

Jan 1, 1988

By N. Lecuyer

"During early 1980, pre-production work commenced at the ""Les Mines Gallen"" project, north of Noranda, Quebec. As a result of the acid mine water associated with this property, a major pre-production phase included the installation of a water treatment plant to render the water environmentally suitable.This paper emphasizes the planning, installation and operational factors of the treatment plant necessary to the success of the mining operations and the maintaining of a clean environment.Introduction,T he Gallen Project is a zinc, gold and silver open-pit mining operation approximately 10 kilometres north of Noranda, Quebec. This property has a long history, with initial diamond drilling done in the early 1930s and underground mining taking place between 1953 and 1962. This property was reactivated in 1980, with production scheduled a t a rate of 45,000 ton s per month.Included in the reactivation plans for the property was the installation of a water treatment plant to treat the acidic mine water.Plant DesignThe requirements for the Gallen water treatment plant were two-fold. Firstly, it was necessary to neutralize the acid water and secondly to produce a sludge containing metal hydroxides and sulphates which would be stable when stored, and a clarified overflow meeting governmental regulations to be discharged to the environment.The flow sheet (Fig. I) will explain the process in treatment of the acid water.Acid mine drainage is treated with lime to increase the pH to 9.50. Metals in solution are precipitated as metal hydroxides and the 504 as calcium sulphate. The precipitate slurry is then aerated to convert ferrous iron to ferric iron, which is more stable for storage and disposal.The precipitate is next flocculated with a polymer flocculant and settled in the thickener to produce a sulphate/Hydroxide sludge and a final effluent discharged to the environment."

Jan 1, 1983

By W. T. Irvine

"The H.B. Mine, a zinc-lead operation of the Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada Limited (Cominco), is in south central British Columbia, on Sheep Creek, a west-flowing branch of the Salmon River. It is 3 miles by road from B.C. highway No. 6, 30 miles south of Nelson, B.C., with an excellent highway connection to the smelter city of Trail, 35 miles from the mine. The nearest permanent settlement is the village of Salmo, 7 miles distant by road. The mine is situated along a belt containing other important zinc-lead deposits, including those of the Canadian Exploration Company, 3 miles to the south, and the Reeves MacDonald mine, 9 miles distant again to the southwest.Deeply oxidized outcrops were located in 1907 on the north side of Sheep Creek valley by two prospectors named Horton and Benson. The property was given the name H.B., after the two discoverers, and there commenced a long and intermittent series of mining operations designed mainly to develop and extract oxidized lead-zinc ore. In 1925 a determined attempt was made by a British syndicate to develop a large tonnage of sulphide ore, but this ended in failure after some 3,000 feet of lateral development had been done. In 1927 Cominco acquired the mine, but it lay idle until 1946 when a geological study was followed by a program of surface drilling which encountered extensive sulphide mineralization. An underground development program revealed more details of the deposit, and sufficient ore was found to warrant construction of a 1,000-ton mill. Mine preparation and mill construction were completed by early 1953, but production was deferred due to low metal prices. The mine was finally brought into production early in 1955."

Jan 1, 1949

By H. Nouranian, M. Askari

GOLGOHAR Mining & Industrial Co., with annual production of 16 million tons, is one of the largest pelletizing and iron ore supplier in Iran that recently this year, because of using mineral processing techniques and extraction of ore body positioning between the metamorphic rocks, about 150 million tons of dry tailings has been created as a result of concentrate production. On the other hand, many environmental issues such as groundwater pollution have been developed by sulfide and silicate gangue minerals, which containing heavy metals such as mercury and arsenic. In this study, a new product with high added value has been introduced for the company by identification and extraction of industrial minerals in dry tailings. Also, by removing large masses of dry tailings, environmental pollution sources were gradually eliminated. This method can be used as a modern waste management approach in the world.

Jan 1, 2017

By D. L. Johnston

"Function and ApplicationsWater-only cyclones, (WOC) are a dynamic mineral separator which cause minerals to separate in a water medium by virtue of difference in specific gravity. Figure 1 shows diagramatic plan and sectional views of a water-only cyclone.A slurry of mineral matter and water is fed through the inlet opening under gravitational or pump pressure. The combined effect of centrifugal action and conical shape is to concentrate the heaviest fraction of mineral on the periphery and bottom of the cyclone. This layer of higher specific gravity particles increases in thickness and density between the cyclone inlet and apex. The action in the bed of higher gravity particles formed in the flattened portion of the cone surrounding the tip of the vortex finder deter;nines the specific gravity of separation or cut-point. Mineral particles of lower specific gravity flow with the bulk of the water, out the vortex finder. Mineral particles of higher specific gravity flow with little water out the apex. A more technically e:mct description of the functioning of the water-only cyclone can be found in previous publications noted in the references.The water-only cyclone was invented and refined by J. Vis man, formerly of the Canadian Mines Branch staff, between 1958 and 1965. The first industrial application noted in the literature was when it was introduced as a cleaner for fine coal in 1962. Since 1970 the water-only cyclone has become a common separation apparatus in many Canadian and foreign coal processing plants. The only other mineral industry application known to the author is in separation of gold bearing heavy minerals from sand<'>. The potential does exist for other applications and this area deserves to be investigated more thoroughly than it has been."

Jan 1, 1989

By J. A. Haskin

The Engineering Department at Flin Flon has the following responsibilities: 1. Underground Surveying. 2. Open-Pit Surveying and Supervision of Blasting. 3. Mine Geology and Examination of Prospects. 4. Design of Plant Additions and Improvements. 5. Miscellaneous Field W ork, Reports, etc. The entire surface plant, as well as the underground workings, are located by co-ordinates based on a triangulation system covering an area approximately one mile long by one-half mile wide. The origin of this system and one end of the base-line is the southwest corner of Township 67, Range 29, west of the Principal Meridian. The bearing of the base-line was determined from the township boundary, which runs true north, so that all other bearings are almost astronomical. This is a great convenience when our surveys must be tied to mineral claims, rights-of-way, and land subdivisions. As the base-line extends across Flin Flon lake, its measurement across smooth ice was simple and accurate. The length, slightly over 1,600 feet, has been adjusted for the temperature and tension of the standard tapes used and checked sufficiently to ensure a maximum error of 1 : 15,000. Each angle was repeated ten times, but as no special refinements were used, errors of as much as four or five seconds are possible. The elevation of the origin of the triangulation system was approximately 1,050 feet above sea level. The use of this true elevation in our surveys would have resulted in negative elevations underground as soon as the mine reached a depth greater than 1,050 feet. To avoid this complication we therefore added 4,000 feet to this elevation. The collar of the Main shaft, for example, which is actually 1,072 feet above sea level, appears in our records as at elevation 5,072. Underground surveying, which follows standard practice, is done by two mine surveyors who share three helpers. The meridian is taken underground from two wires hung in either of the two vertical shafts.

Jan 1, 1935

By R. B. Harkness

Many of us are familiar with the history of oil in the Province of Ontario, but for the benefit of those who have never heard the story I will repeat it. In 185 7 J. H. Williams, of Hamilton, an old-country Scotchman, who had the advantage of experience gained from the primitive methods used for refining the oil collected at seepages in Roumania, heard of the "gum beds" along Black creek in Enniskillen township, Lambton county. He erected a small plant in the bush and refined illuminating oil, where the village of Old Springs now stands. The labor of collecting this thick ?gummy substance from the sluggish water of the creek, prompted him to dig a well, the next year ( 1858), in the hope of obtaining a greater quantity. When his excavation reached a gravel bed on top of the rock, oil, resembling "lubricating oil of commerce", rose several feet. Several of these wells were dug and his refining business flourished. The following year the Drake well, in Pennsylvania, was drilled into rock, resulting in an oil find which encouraged one James Shaw to make a similar attempt on Black creek. With a spring-pole drill he completed his well in the spring of 1861 to a depth of 160 feet, and at that depth struck a gusher that flowed uncontrolled for several days. Great excitement followed and the village of Oil Springs had a mushroom growth. The Petrolia field was discovered in 1865. Lick followed up the Thames with a spring-pole rig testing the formations along that river and discovered the original Bothwell field in 1865. During the sixties wells were drilled in many counties in southwestern Ontario.

Jan 1, 1924

By Muhammad Usman Siddiqui

Managing and analysing the vast amounts of data collected in a mining project effectively is crucial for enhancing the project's economic feasibility. The efficient utilization of this data is critical to minimising the time spent on projects and increasing project value. Process engineers can effectively integrate geometallurgical data into plant operations by employing analytical tools like Python, significantly optimizing the mine-to-mill process. This practical approach is a game-changer in the mining industry. Classifying a geomet dataset into units of similar characteristics (properties of the ore) is an important outcome of a geomet study. This approach simplifies data classification, allowing for class-by-class process modelling, which improves the decision-making process in mine planning and development. Classifying a geomet dataset involves using grade, lithology, and test work data (if available) to create blocks of similar characteristics, known as ‘geomet units.’ Compared to conventional methodologies, these units provide context and empirical evidence that can be more accurately mapped onto block-by-block process flowsheet development and net present value (NPV) estimation. This robust classification method reduces a project's technical risks and influences the initial mine planning sequence to maximise profitability. Defining robust geomet units with data sets with similar material is challenging due to the vast amounts of data available and the database's high heterogeneity. The methodology's purpose is to minimise time-consuming low-value-adding aspects of geometallurgy. The approach is different for a greenfield and a brownfield study, as all the valuable data in a brownfield process can be utilised to define the geomet units. Python has various libraries providing multiple machine-learning algorithms to assist in classification. The k-means algorithm is used for clustering, and the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method is used to quantify the effect of each feature on the clustering results. However, even with automation, the methodology still requires a keen eye to account for the nuances that appear from project to project.

Oct 1, 2024

By J. J. O?Neill

Introduction The Beattie mine is the first of its character to be exploited in Quebec. It is primarily a large low-grade gold deposit containing values which a few years ago would not have been considered as ore. Much interest is attached to this development as its success may mean a greatly enlarged scope to gold mining in Canada on deposits which have formerly been considered worthless. Because of its potential importance as a pioneer in low-grade gold mining, the Quebec Bureau of Mines decided to make a careful detailed study of the Beattie in the hope not only of assisting in its development, but of stimulating the search for similar essential geological conditions in other parts of the Province. This paper is a summary of the results obtained during two months on the property in 1932, supplemented by a few trips underground in 1933. The full report will appear in the Annual Report of the Quebec Bureau of Mines for 1932, Part C. Location and Means of Access: The Beattie ore-body is situated two miles west and one half mile north of the centre of Duparquet township, and approximately 22 miles north 28° west of the town of Noranda. Until the fall of 1932, access to the property was from LaSarre, on the Canadian National railway, over a thirty-mile water route with one portage 600 feet long; about 2,000 tons of machinery and supplies were taken in by that route. An automobile road, nine miles long, now connects the property with the Makamik highway, and a narrow-gauge railway, without ballast, gives outlet for concentrates from the mill to the C.N.R. tracks of the Rouyn-Taschereau line, nineteen miles distant.

Jan 1, 1934