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By H. Weissenbaeck, B. Nowak, M. Oesterreicher, R. Stastny

The producers of certain metals like nickel and cobalt increasingly face a shortage of easy-to-mine and easy-to-process ore bodies. Their focus is shifting towards alternative raw materials which in turn demand new, different extraction techniques. One potential route for processing a ferrous ore with a non-ferrous target metal is atmospheric leaching with hydrochloric acid followed by purification of the pregnant leach solution (PLS). For the separation of iron from the PLS, and, in turn, the extraction of the non-ferrous compounds, the following flow sheet is proposed. Pre-concentration of the PLS, oxidation of ferrous (if present) to ferric chloride, hydrolysis of ferric chloride leading to the precipitation of hematite and the evaporation of hydrochloric acid, followed by crystallization of non-hydrolysable metal chlorides by means of sparging hydrogen chloride into the solution. Hydrogen chloride required in the latter step is produced internally by super-azeotropic distillation of regenerated hydrochloric acid. The liquid filtrate from the crystallization step is recycled to hydrolysis. Depending on the specific composition of the PLS, the hematite produced contains only traces of other impurities, whereas the crystallized mix of non-hydrolysable metal chlorides – containing also the target metal in enriched form – contains ferric chloride only in an amount referring to the filter cake moisture. These crystals can then undergo further hydrometallurgical separation and extraction processes. As an example, this flow sheet is proposed for treating nickel laterite ores. Experiments related to the demonstration of crucial assumptions in the flow sheet are presented. Based on those experiments a mass and energy balance of the flow sheet was calculated and is presented here together with a table of the major consumables in order to provide a basis for an operating cost estimate and other process economics.

Jan 1, 2016

By Man-Chao He

One of the critical problems involved in deep coalmines is unusual gas emissions. Many researchers agree that there is a relationship between coal gas emissions and geological features such as tectonics or geological disturbances, gas content, properties of the coal and rock and the mininginduced stress state in the coal seam and rock. Thus, the present paper intends to investigate complex mechanical phenomena during the process of gas emission in underground coal-mines. A program of laboratory testing was undertaken to study the effects of temperature and pressure on mechanisms of gas emission. It must be noted that this paper describes new techniques developed to simultaneously measure deformation and gas pressure, as well as flux during the test, taking the characteristics of gas transport into consideration under certain temperature and pressure conditions. The results indicate that under certain temperature and pressure conditions, gases adsorbed to coal start to desorb, and increase the pore pressure. High pressure gases entering coal fractures can generate high tensile stresses near the crack tips, leading to crack propagation and coalescence, which in turn can cause the specimen to dilate. From the experimental viewpoint, these test results may help us discern why mining seismic events can trigger gas emissions.

Aug 1, 2013

By S. Zakaria

"Inco's Automated Haulage Truck System (AHT) is a revolutionary automatic guided vehicle that performs all load, haul and dump operations without human intervention. The high level of sophistication and the short period it has been in operation has only allowed a select few Inco personnel to become familiar with the ART operation and maintenance. As an aid to operations an expert system using the knowledge gained from the experienced specialists was implemented in the field.The AHT operating and maintenance assistance expert system will reason through the information given, arrive at conclusions and give advice to operations, technical and management personnel. It will provide comprehensive real-time troubleshooting assistance for the hydraulic, electrical and mechanical subsystems of the ART. The ART expert system has many benefits to Inco which include increased skill levels of ART operations and maintenance personnel, reduction in ART downtime, standardization of troubleshooting procedures and reduction in ART operating and maintenance costs. In the future, the expert system application will be linked to SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition), maintenance and statistical software to display current and historical trends of variables from a centralized historical database. As well, a wide variety of features will be integrated into the system including AutoCad drawings, graphics, photographs, voice and video capabilities."

Jan 1, 1994

By Malcolm Scoble

School Values ?? Each other; ?? Students, & helping them develop intellectually, personally & professionally; ?? Freedom to pursue educational & research opportunities; ?? Home-work-life balance; ?? The geographic-business community in which we operate ; ?? The pursuit of excellence; ?? Our contribution to society; ?? Creativity & innovation; ?? Teamwork & collaboration; ?? Career development, achievement & reward.

May 1, 2008

By J. Lu, D. B. Dreisinger, G. Houlachi

"Zinc metal is primarily produced by electrowinning from sulfate solution. Zinc electrowinning is very sensitive to impurities such as Co and Ni. These impurities have to be removed to produce high-quality zinc and maintain a high zinc current efficiency. Zinc dusts are used to remove these impurities by cementation. However cobalt cementation is extremely slow and it is typically activated by the addition of Cu and Sb. Even with the use of Cu-Sb activation, cobalt is still difficult to remove. The zinc dust used for cobalt cementation is negligible compared to that consumed for hydrogen evolution. In some plants up to 6-7% of electrolytic zinc is used for cementation. This is a great waste of energy. Cu-Sb activation is not well understood. The objective of this study was to further understand the Cu-Sb activation and then find a way to reduce hydrogen evolution and promote cobalt cementation. The investigation reveals how hydrogen evolution (or zinc dissolution) and cobalt cementation and re-dissolution change with temperature, zinc dust dosage, the concentrations of copper and antimony and time. In the Cu-Sb activation, copper is deposited on a zinc particle to produce a porous shell. The zinc particle as an anode dissolves while the shell as a cathode provides a place where cobalt cementation and hydrogen evolution occur and they are catalyzed by antimony. A certain level of antimony (around 0.1 mg/L) is a key to maintain the catalytic effect of the shell. At a higher antimony concentration, cobalt cementation is accelerated slightly while hydrogen evolution is increased greatly. When a zinc particle dissolves to a certain degree, cobalt loses its cathodic protection and starts to re-dissolve. The change in cobalt concentration is determined by the rates of cobalt cementation and re-dissolution. The operation conditions can be optimized to maximize the cobalt removal and minimize the zinc dust dosage.INTRODUCTIONMost of the world’s zinc metal is produced by electrowinning from sulfate media. Many impurities such as iron, copper, cobalt and nickel are co-extracted into solution with zinc. Iron, mercury, indium, lead and tin are removed by co-precipitation as hydroxides. Copper, nickel, cobalt, aluminum, arsenic and germanium are partially co-precipitated with iron while cadmium, magnesium and chloride remain in solution. Cobalt, copper, cadmium, nickel and etc. are subsequently removed by cementation with zinc dust to achieve an acceptable current efficiency and high purity metal product for the economical production of zinc. Zinc provides a strong thermodynamic driving force for the cobalt cementation:"

Jan 1, 2016

By Grant Arnold

Le Camp Minier de Matagami est situé dans la ceinture volcano-sédimentaire Harricana- Turgeon appartenant à la Province du Supérieur, sous-province de l?Abitibi, au Québec. Les gisements de métaux de base polymétalliques sont retrouvés exclusivement dans les deux domaines lithotectoniques comprenant l?association basalte-rhyolite (Matagami-Brouillan et Joutel-Raymond). Tous ces dépôts, à l?exception de ceux de Selbaie, sont de type exhalatif et représentent des dépôts volcanogènes à Zn-Cu, typiques de l?Archéen. Le complexe volcanique de Matagami est constitué principalement de deux phases de volcanisme tholéïtique. Les dacites et les rhyolites du Groupe de Watson, représentent la phase la plus précoce et celles-cis sont recouvertes par la seconde phase qui est constituée majoritairement de roches intermédiares à mafiques intercalées d?horizons felsiques, formant le Groupe de Wabassee. Un sédiment chimique sulfuré, la Tuffite Clef, marque le contact et l?hiatus entre ces deux groupes. Cette tuffite est reconnue à la grandeur du flanc sud du camp minier et représente l?horizon favorable à explorer puisque sa déposition a correwspond à une période d?intense activité hydrothermale. Le complexe volcanique de Matagami est limité au nord et au sud par des bandes sédimentaires orientées est-ouest, connues respectivement sous les noms de Groupe de Matagami et Groupe de Taïbi. Le Complexe intrusif de la Rivière Bell, qui occupe la base du Groupe de Watson, est un complexe lité consistant en une séquence stratifiée gabbroïque avec localement des niveaux stratiformes à concentrations d?oxydes magmatiques, la bordure de ce complexe est marquée par la présence d?un horizon granophyrique. Cette intrusion synvolcanique prétectonique, représente probablement la source de chaleur étant à l?origine de l?activité hydrothermale observée dans les roches volcaniques sus-jacentes. Suite à un levé aéroporté, le camp minier de Matagami a vu le jour en 1956 lors de la découverte du dépôt de Mattagami Lake, un gisement volcanogène de 25.6 millions de tonnes. Depuis ce temps, un total de neuf gisements ont été exploités et un dixième, Bell Allard, est présentement en production. En date du 31 décembre 1999, la production historique du camp s?élevait à plus de 41 millions de tonnes. Cette présentation mettra l?accent sur la géologie des récentes découvertes dans le prolifique camp minier de Matagami. Les ressources publiées pour le dépôt Persévérance sont de 947,000 tonnes titrant 19.12% Zn, 1.37% Cu, 32 g/t Ag et 0.40 g/t Au. Deux autres découvertes, Équinoxe et Persévérance Ouest contibueront à la ressource globale. Les trois dépôts sont situés au niveau de la Tuffite Clef même si les roches sus-jacentes ne sont pas celles typiquement observées dans les autres dépôts du flanc sud. Ces découvertes sont le résultat d?un programme d?exploration ciblé et soutenu, démontrant ainsi la possibilité de découvrir de nouvelles ressources même dans les camps miniers comme Matagami qui ont été explorés intensivement depuis plus d?un demi-siècle.

May 1, 2001

By Ahmad Ghahremaninezhad, Noelene Ahern, Yeonuk Choi

Arsenic (As) is a toxic element and is a major contaminant in the extraction processes of some metals (e.g. gold and copper). Due to the toxicity of arsenic species, its removal from As-containing streams from extractive metallurgy processes and safe disposal is absolutely necessary. For nearly complete removal of waste arsenic species from metallurgical process streams, it is required to have arsenic in its pentavalent state (As5+ species). This study presents an oxidation process for arsenic species with air or oxygen gas as oxidant. Activated carbon (AC) or other carbon based materials are used to catalyse the oxidation reaction. Air or oxygen gas is the only consumed reagent which makes the economy of the process very attractive. The oxidation reaction can be carried out at ambient conditions (room temperature and atmospheric pressure) in less than 24 hours.

Jan 1, 2014

By J. B. Mitchell

Using digital image correlation the evolution of strain and strain at the onset of localisation resulting in a hot tear has been determined for alloys AA6111 and Al¬0.5wt% Cu during solidification. High resolution images of hot tear formation and growth were captured during a constrained bar test that incorporated a glass window above a central hot spot region. The images were analysed using digital image correlation software to measure the evolution of displacement and strain based on tracking the motion of discrete features on the as-cast surface of the sample. Temperature data was also acquired with a thermocouple cast into the sample in close proximity to the hot tear. The interval starting from the point immediately after solidification shrinkage ends (the metal pulls away from the glass) and finishing when the first sign of a crack or hot tear is visible to the eye was used to determine strain data. The minimum strain at which strain localisation occurs was found to be 0.0069 in AA6111 and 0.0021 for A1-0.5%Cu.

Jan 1, 2007

By S. V. Burr

"IntroductionOne of the more puzzling geological enigmas, in the writer's opinion, is how rock can move sideways with respect to other rock. In the writer's study of regional northwest-southeast folding in North America (Burr, 1980), he may have found the answer to horizontal offset.Horizontal OffsetSideways movement or horizontal offset does not mean that the movement was, or is, horizontal. As indicated below, the actual movement may be at a high angle from the horizontal. However, it is the horizontal VECTOR, or offset, which is measured on surface by geologists. Vertical movements (thrust, normal, reverse) can be understood, as they involve blocks of rock , generally separated on four to six sides, which have been pushed up or subsided. Vertical faulting across dipping strata can produce APPARENT horizontal offsets. However, this thesis deals only with ACTUAL offsets.The ProblemFigure 1 is a plan view of a simple hypothetical horizontal offset. Three vertical dykes are intersected by a fault lineament. Two dykes exhibit no movement; the middle dyke has been offset a distance (a). Vertical faulting would have produced no horizontal offset. How can a horizontal distance (a) disappear or appear? Rock expands or contracts in infinitesimal amounts.SolutionThe map (Burr, 1980) shows the writer's interpretation of regional northwest-trending folds in Ontario. The writer made two observations about horizontal offsets during his thirty year study of these folds:1) All major horizontal fault lineaments strike at a high angle to the northwest fold axes. Many of the northwest-trending lineaments are fault s, but their movement is essentially vertical.2) Close to many of the known horizontal offsets (and several lineaments), there are areas where plunge reversals are so frequent and close together it is impossible to draw in all the fold axes at a scale of 1 inch = 4 miles, and, in the highly faulted Espanola area southwest of Sudbury, Ontario, all the indicated folds cannot be easily separated at a scale of 1 inch = 1 mile. The writer has observed folds less than 30 feet apart next to the strong Puskitamica-Chibougamau fault in northern Quebec."

Jan 1, 1982

By G. Mucsi, J. Faitli, K. Bohács

"The authors developed an online tube rheometer to supplement a Netzsch MiniCer (Netzsch GmbH, Germany) stirred media mill in order to monitor online the rheological characteristics of the suspension and therefore the result of grinding during the process. Previously it was demonstrated that the above measuring system was working appropriately based on the preliminary tests. The product related stress model was applied for the evaluation of the grinding results. It was found that the suspension concentration and the change of the material properties during grinding, consequently the rheology strongly affects the grinding result, i.e. specific surface area, median particle size as well as specific grinding energy. The tested model limestone – water suspensions behaved Newtonian initially, then after a given grinding time their properties had changed and they become Bingham plastic. INTRODUCTIONStirred media milling now is a common practice to produce fine and ultrafine granular materials for different purposes. With an increasing demand of ultrafine powders for industries (Kwade, 1999), wet and dry ultrafine grinding has been increasingly used in various fields, such as minerals (Mucsi, Rácz, & Mádai, 2013)(Rácz, 2014), ceramic materials (Becker & Schwedes, 1999), pigments (Ohenoja, Illikainen, & Niinimäki, 2013), chemical products (Baláž et al., 2013), microorganisms (Kwade & Schwedes, 2002) and pharmaceutics (Afolabi, Akinlabi, & Bilgili, 2014). It is well known that suspension rheology affects the wet comminution of materials (He, Wang, & Forssberg, 2006a). The rheological behaviour of the suspension containing the ground particles might indicate the level of interparticle interaction or aggregation and therefore it is an important variable factor of the process control (Muster & Prestidge, 1995). The influence of the rheological behaviour of mineral suspensions on their grindability has attracted more and more interests and attention, especially on ultrafine grinding performance (He, Wang, & Forssberg, 2006b) (Bernhardt et al., 1999). However, there are still many issues concerning the machine and the process for the different applications. When grinding is effective and the particle size range decreases significantly, the circulating suspension is becoming typically non-Newtonian. The changed rheological behaviour and the increasing rheological material parameters can negatively affect the grinding efficiency; therefore it is an important issue. Ultrafine stirred media milling as well as solid-liquid two phase flow have been studied for a long time at the Institute of Raw Materials Preparation and Environmental Processing of the University of Miskolc. Regarding ultrafine grinding the research is focusing on the description of materials’ grindability (energetic aspects) both in wet and dry circumstances (Mucsi et al., 2013; Rácz, 2014). Concerning rheology, the three measuring pipes tube rheometer was developed decades ago (Faitli & Gombköto, 2015). So far many different solid materials from all over the world had been tested in this rheometer (Faitli & Gombköto, 2015). Main aim of these tests was to gain basic data for large scale hydraulic transport applications. Among the many stirred media mills there is a Netzsch MiniCer mill at the Institute. It was reasonable to combine the two fields together, and the goal of the research presented in this paper is to develop an online tube rheometer for the Netzsch mill and to carry out grinding and rheological testing simultaneously."

Jan 1, 2016

By C. S. Liao, S. L. Wang, C. H. Yan, F. X. Cheng

A significant development in the theory of countercurrent extraction will be presented in this article. A new term in countercurrent extraction process analysis, "Adjacent Stage Impurity Ratio" (ASIR), is proposed, and its expression is deduced. Furthermore, based on the term together with mass balance and extraction equilibrium, the conditions where a given countercurrent extraction separation operation can have minimum amounts of both extracting solvent and scrubbing agent solution can be estimated, and the equations of the two minimum amounts can be deduced. It was found that the equations for a two-component separation using a single aqueous or organic feed are exactly the same as they appeared in the theory initially established in the 1970s. Unlike its earlier version, the present derivation does not involve feed-stage-composition hypothesis, and also has the advantage of dealing with a double-feed system where both aqueous and organic feeds are simultaneously employed whereas the earlier theory can only analyze a separation using a single aqueous or organic feed.

Jan 1, 2014

By Gerald Sanders

Presentation Topics ? We?re Going to the Moon Again? ? What is Lunar Mining ? In-Situ Resource Utilization? ? What Are The Challenges to Lunar Mining? ? What is NASA Currently Doing?

May 1, 2009

By Andrew Thrift

Overview ? Problem ? Research question ? Literature review ? Methodology ? Results ? Discussion and recommendations ? New developments Problem ? Increasingly higher expectations ? Inadequate consultation leads to conflict rather than collaboration ? Consultation practice is often weak on decision-making ? Influence of consultation on planning is Unclear Research question ? Are Structured Decision Processes (based on decision analysis) an effective methodology for involving stakeholders in consultative decisionmaking in the mining industry?

May 1, 2006

By R. M. Porter

PILLAR extraction at the Sullivan Mine bas been in progress for over twenty-five years and bas .involved progressively larger pillars. The largest pillar blasted to date exceeds one million tons and is described in this paper. This blast is believed to be one of the largest to take place entirely under-ground. The Sullivan Mine, owned by The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada Limited, is located in the southeastern corner of British Columbia on the east flank of the Purcell range overlooking the twenty-mile wide Rocky Mountain Trench (Figure 1). The orebody is a bedded replacement deposit in argillites, varying in thickness up to 300 feet, but averaging about 80 feet. Above the 3900 Level, the dip varies from nearly horizontal to 40 degrees; be-low the 3900 Level it varies from 45 to 20 degrees (Figure 2). Pillar extraction follows a plan of retreating outward from caved areas. The size of each blast is determined by the effect which the removal of support

Jan 1, 1961

By J. D. Botsford

Westmin Resources Limited's H-W orebody on Vancouver Island is a copper/lead/zinc massive sulphide deposit that has been in production since 1985. The sulphur content of the ore averages 28% and in some stopes is as high as 53%. Several minor secondary sulphide dust explosions have occurred in development headings and cut and fill stopes, but as yet no known explosions have occurred in blasthole stopes. This pa:per reviews the history of sulphide dust explosions in the H-W Mine, factors contributing to the explosions and the preventative measures taken to control them.

May 11, 1988

By Stephen Williams

This paper examines manning best practice in the Australian mining industry. In particular, the paper considers a range of mining operations and their manning levels as measured by operational benchmarking. The benchmarking results presented cover 15 open pit and 37 underground studies in Australia. The data was collected as part of AMC?s benchmarking and operational improvement studies conducted between 1999 and 2008. The results examine overall manning levels in mining, processing and administration functions. Manning levels for a range of mining methods, including open pit and underground methods, are segmented. Productivity measures such as ore tonnes per man day and metres developed per man day are presented and where direct relationships can be established, the relationships are described. Finally, the paper considers perspectives on best practice with regard to manning in the Australian mining industry and the limitations in application of this type of analysis in a global context.

May 1, 2009

By J. Roth

"While not taking issue with the general thesis expressed in Dr. Ridge's analysis of the role of genetic concepts versus observational data in ore exploration (Ridge, 1983), the criticism could be offered that the author tends to slight the importance of conceptual (i.e. theoretical) models in mineral exploration.As a general rule, observational data in science lacks significance and utility without a theoretical construct to organize those observations. Theory in turn dictates what observations are made-and which ones are judged important. Thus, for example, prior to the elaboration-and acceptance- of the current model for volcanogenic base metal deposits, the structural aspect s of these deposits were most closely observed and studied by explorationists. The nature of the enclosing rocks and any attendant alteration was given minimal attention, and certainly didn't figure prominently as an exploration guide.Similarly, the importance of alteration features to exploration for porphyry copper-molybdenum deposits was only perceived when a theoretical model was developed to account for these aspects. Indeed, many of these porphyry copper deposits were regarded as epigenetic vein deposits by geologists of an earlier era observing and examining on a different physical scale-and with a different theoretical bias.In constructing and evaluating such conceptual models, explorationists primarily rely on observation data and proximate associations; speculative thoughts as to ultimate provenance or crustal evolution clearly play a subordinate role, as Dr. Ridge argues. This, however, should not obscure the fact that concepts and theories do indeed exert a major influence in mineral exploration."

Jan 1, 1983

By X. Cao, X. -G. Chen, K. Liu

Due to the detrimental effect of platelet iron-rich intermetallics on mechanical properties (particularly ductility) in cast alloys, it has been essential to transform these phases into Chinese script morphology. In the present work, the effects of Mn and/or Si addition and cooling rate on the phase transformation of the iron-rich intermetallics in 206 cast alloys with different Fe contents ranging from 0.15 % to 0.5 % were systematically investigated. The results obtained showed that platelet ß-Fe and Al3(FeMn), Chinese script a-Fe, Alm(FeMn) and Al6(FeMn) can be observed in the 206 cast alloys, depending on the Fe, Mn and Si contents as well as the cooling rate. It was found that the addition of either Mn or Si favors the formation of Chinese script iron-rich intermetallics but inhibits the precipitation of the platelet phases. In addition, the combined addition of both Mn and Si has a synergistic effect on the phase transformation. Furthermore, there exists a critical cooling rate to effectively suppress the formation of platelet iron-rich intermetallics for a given alloy. The threshold cooling rate decreases with increasing Fe, Mn and Si contents. Casting process maps are established to correlate the intermetallics precipitated with alloy chemistry and cooling rate for 206 cast alloys containing various Fe levels.

Jan 1, 2014

By A. Warczok

The mechanisms and kinetics of copper oxidation and reduction have been investigated in small scale thermal gravimetric experiments as well as in laboratory pilot scale, packed bed reactors. With blister copper flowing gravitationally down through a packed bed of ceramic particles, counter-current to low oxygen containing combustion gases, the rate of oxidation was found to be very high due to the large surface area created. Similarly, reduction by flowing copper through a packed bed of charcoal lead to rapid de-oxidation. Based on these laboratory measurements, fundamental rate data have been obtained. Modeling of industrial sized packed bed reactors using the laboratory results, opened up the possibilities of developing a new, very intensive, continuous process for copper fire refining. The developed mathematical model together with a computer process simulator, allowed for the design of the industrial-pilot installation to be built and tested at the ENAMI Paipote smelter in Chile.

Jan 1, 2007

By Denis Landry

"RÉSUMÉAu cours de dix dernières années, la compagnie Maghemite a développé, expérimenté et breveté un nouveau precédé de concentration du minerai de fer à partir de la récupération d'hématite présente au bassin de sédimentation de la Compagnie Minière Québec Cartier.A partir de cette nouvelle technologie de concentration par induction, la compagnie Maghemite produit une poudre d'hématite qui est mélangée avec du strontium carbonate à un ratio de l à 6 en poids. Le mélange homogène est achemine sur un disque d'agglomération, et ensuite incorpore dans la fournaise de la Compagnie Minière Québec Cartier. Le temps de cuisson et la température (l200°C) correspondent exactement aux critères nécessaires pour la fabrication d'aimants de céramique, Grade 5, à partir de la poudre de ferrite.IntroductionMeghemite a débuté sa production de poudre de ferrite au printemps 1986et prévoit une production de 20 000 tonnes par année dans cette nouvelle usine. A très court terrne, une usine sera construite pour la production de cinq à dix millions de Iivres d'aimants permanents par annee et à long terme qu'une usine de fabrication par robotique de moteurs à aimants permanents, utilises dans I'industrie automobile. La poudre de ferrite à base de strontium est une compose ferro-magnétique forme d'une molécule d'oxide de strontium et de six molécules d'hernatite. Ce compose d'hexa fluorite de strontium a une force tres puissante et fournit la source d'énergie magnétique la moins dispendieuse comparée aux autres aimants permanents. L'utilisation des aimants de céramique formes d'hexa fluorite de strontium a connu un croissance phenornenale depuis 1970 pour atteindre un marché de 500 millions de livres par année en 1985.II n'y a aucune autre usine de production commerciale de poudre de ferrite à base de strontium au Canada. Le facteur determinant qui a favorise l'etabilissement a Port Cartier est base sur la réduction de 30% du cout des aimants de cerarnique provenant de notre poudre. Notre debouche majeur se situe aux États-Unis et vise la production des aimants de cerarnique pour les moteurs utilises dans les automobiles, les ordinateurs et les appareils ménagers, L'objectif de cette compagnie est de réduire le prix futur des aimants de cerarnique à environ 30% du prix actuel.L'usine commerciale de production de poudre de ferrite est maintenant opérationnelle. Le financement et la construction de cette usine sont Ie résultat de l'opération d'une usine pilote sur une période de 5 ans afin de récupérer l'hematite d'un haut niveau de pureté provenant de résidus de I'usine de bouletage de la Compagnie Minière Québec Cartier (CMQC) à Port Cartier. La fournaise de CMQC est utilisee pour chauffer les boulettes cornposees d'un mélange de carbonate de strontium et d'hematite d'un haut niveau de pureté en étalant environ 5 tonnes à l'heure de ces boulettes au-dessus du tablier de boulettes de fer dans une des fournaises fonctionnant à environ 450 tonnes à l'heure."

Jan 1, 1987