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By O. C. Blade

This report on the properties of motor fuels sold through service stations in the United States was made in accordance with a cooperative agreement between the American Petroleum Institute and the Bureau of Mines of the United States Department of the Interior. This paper is a continuation of a series made in cooperation with the Coordinating Fuel Research-(CFR) Committee of the Coordinating Research Council (CRC), Inc. The first of this series of reports presented data on motor gasolines sold during the winter of 1935-36, and succeeding reports described motor gasolines sold during the summers and winters to and including the summer of 1941. 2/ No reports were made on motor gasolines sold during the winter of 1941-42 and during the summer of 1942. However, starting with the winter of 1942-43. the semiannual reports were resumed.

Jan 1, 1950

By Madan M. Singh

The use of fluid jets for industrial purposes has received considerable attention in recent years. The convening of The First International Symposium on Jet Cutting Technology1 in April 1972 devoted solely to this subject probably heralds the coming of age of this new science. It is interesting to note the emphasis in the conference towards the cutting of rocks, minerals, and soils, indicating the attention being devoted to excavation and mining. The use of water streams for mining of minerals is not new. It is well over a century since its first application.2 But its use in coal mining has been somewhat restricted over the years. In the past 30 years the U.S.S.R. has successfully used water for coal extraction, and these techniques have been examined in 15 countries in recent years. In the United States research on various aspects of the method has been conducted for over 15 years,3 but success stories from the Soviet Union,4 JapanS and Canada6 in the last 5 years has spurred greater enthusiasm. IIT Research Institute has done pioneering work in the 7-12 13-15 area of water jetting for rock and coal breakage. It has just completed an experimental study involving mining of coal with a 50,000-psi and 100,000-psi jet in a stripping operation14 under the sponsorhip of the U. S. Bureau of Mines (Contract No. HOll1789). As a complementary program the Bureau initiated a project to design a water-jet coal-mining machine (Contract No. H0133119). IITRI was a successful bidder on this competitive procurement.

Jan 1, 1974

By E. C. Lane

"INTRODUCTION The first important discovery of petroleum in New Mexico was near Dayton, Eddy County, where the Brown well was drilled in 1909, and small quantities of oil were produced. In 1911 and 1912 wells were drilled in McKinley County, but commercial production did not begin until the discovery of the Hogback field, San Juan County, in 1922. The discovery well in the Artesia field, Eddy County, drilled in 1923, gave impetus to active drilling in many areas. Since 1924 New Mexico has produced petroleum in commercial quantities and since 1930 the State has joined the ranks of the big produc¬ing States, being sixth or seventh in total production in recent years.Production by years. 1924 to 1940, inclusive, taken from annual figures in Bureau of Mines Minerals Yearbook, are given in table 1. The total production shown is 274,331,000 barrels. Andreas 3/ has published production figures for the year 1940 and a resume of all production to the end of 1940. Data from his report are presented in table 2 for each field sampled. The cumulative production, as given by Andreas, is 270,618,575 barrels."

Aug 1, 1942

By James C. Barker

Yttrium and rare-earth element. pegmatite dikes are associated with a peralkaline granitic and nephelene syenite complex near Dora Bay on southern Prince of Wales Island. Mineralized dikes were mapped and sampled during USBM investigations in 1987 and 1988. Coarse-grained pegmatite dikes, which emanated as late-stage magmatic fluids from the intrusion, further evolved into vein-dikes and ultimately silica-rich veins. The dikes can be traced up to two miles along a north-south zone. Lithophile elements exhibit a pronounced zonation in vein-dikes and veins that are distal to the Dora Bay complex with increasing values correlating with increasing distance from the complex. The pattern of mineralization suggests very late stage magmatic fluids containing the incompatable lithophile elements were injected into a preexisting north-south fracture zone. REE mineralogy exhibit fine-grained intergrowths of principally thalenite and bastnaesite with lessor monazite and eudialyte. Euxenite contains most of the columbium values and zircon is commonly associated with the dikes. Estimates of inferred and hypothetical resource tonnage range from 1.7 X 1C6 to 8.5 X 106 st for two deposits. Contained RED (including yttrium) averages 0.5 pct and ranges up to 2.0 pct. Deposits are of polymineralic composition and about half of this resource comprises the heavy yttrium subgroup.

Jan 1, 2011

By O. C. Blade

"INTRODUCTION This report on the properties of motor fuels sold through service stations in the United States is a continuation of a series of reports made in accordance with a cooperative agreement between the Coordinating Fuel Research (CFR) Committee of the Coordinating Research Council (CRC) 3/ and the Bureau of Mines of the United States Department of the Interior. The first of these reports presented data on motor gasolines sold during the winter of 1935-36.4/ Further reports were issued describing motor gasolines sold during the succeeding sum¬mers and winters to and including the summer of 1941.4/ No reports were made on motor gasolines sold during the winter of 1941-42 and during the summer of 1942. However, starting with the winter of 1942-43, the semiannual reports were resumed.!The present report presents analytical data for 4,544 samples, represent¬ing the products of 124 companies. The samples represented in this report were obtained during December 19146, January and February 19-(. As in previous surveys, the companies covered Ly the survey include both large and small suppliers. Conforming to former reports, the data cover three groups of samples - regular-price, premium-price, and third-grade gasolines.As the number of analyses submitted for samples of third-grade gasoline are not considered adequate to represent this type of motor fuel, data for the analyses have not been averaged, but the individual items are tabulated. The number of samples, items, and brands comprising each group is as follows: Regular-price, 2,368 samples, 319 items, and 113 brands; premium-price, 2,172 samples, 289 items, and 106 brands; third-grade, 4 samples, 4 items, and 4 brands. The meanings of these terms as used in the surveys are as follows:"

Aug 1, 1947

By Jürgen F. Brune, R. Karl Zipf, Michael J. Sapko

Seals are barriers constructed in underground coal mines throughout the United States to isolate abandoned mining panels or groups of panels from the active workings. Historically, mining regulations required seals to withstand a 140-kPa (20-psig) explosion pressure. However, the Mine Improvement and New Emergency Response Act (“MINER Act”) requires the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) to increase this design standard by the end of 2007. This report provides a sound scientific and engineering justification to recommend a three-tiered explosion pressure design criterion for new seals in coal mines in response to the MINER Act. Much of the information contained in this report also applies to existing seals. Engineers from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) examined seal design criteria and practices used in the United States, Europe, and Australia and then classified seals into their various applications. Next, the engineers considered various kinds of explosive atmospheres that can accumulate within sealed areas and used thermodynamic calculations and simple gas explosion models to estimate worst-case explosion pressures that could impact seals. Three design pressure-time curves were developed for the dynamic structural analysis of new seals under the conditions in which those seals may be used: unmonitored seals where there is a possibility of methane-air detonation or high-pressure nonreactive shock waves and their reflections behind the seal; unmonitored seals with little likelihood of detonation or high-pressure nonreactive shock waves and their reflections; and monitored seals where the amount of potentially explosive methane-air is strictly limited and controlled. Figure 1 is a simple flowchart that illustrates the key decisions in choosing between the monitored or unmonitored seal design approaches and the three design pressure-time curves. For the first condition, an unmonitored seal with an explosion run-up length of more than 50 m (165 ft), the possibility of detonation or high-pressure nonreactive shock waves and their reflections exists. The recommended design pressure-time curve rises to 4.4 MPa (640 psig) and then falls to the 800-kPa (120-psig) constant volume (CV) explosion overpressure. For unmonitored seals with an explosion run-up length of less than 50 m (165 ft), the possibility of detonation or high-pressure nonreactive shock waves and their reflections is less likely. A less severe design pressure-time curve that simply rises to the 800-kPa (120-psig) CV explosion overpressure may be employed. For monitored seals, engineers can use a 345-kPa (50-psig) design pressure-time curve if monitoring can ensure that (1) the maximum length of explosive mix behind a seal does not exceed 5 m (16 ft) and (2) the volume of explosive mix does not exceed 40% of the total sealed volume. Use of this 345-kPa (50-psig) design pressure-time curve requires monitoring and active management of the sealed area atmosphere. These design pressure-time curves apply to new seal design and construction.

Jan 7, 2007

By A. C. Smith

The U.S. Bureau of Mines conducted a study to evaluate the effect of underground mining conditions on the activation of automatic sprinkler heads. Sprinklers were exposed to liquid fuel fires in a rectangular tunnel at airflows of 0, 45, 90, 150, and 250 m/min to determine the effect of ventilation and fire size on the time to activation. As the airflows were increased, the time to activate the sprinklers for a given fire size increased. Also, as the fire size increased, the activation time decreased. Temperature profiles of the tunnel showed that the maximum temperature near the roof was shifted downstream as the airflow increased. Experiments to determine the effect of rated activation temperature and response time index (RTI) value on activation time showed that the time to activate increased with increasing activation temperature, and decreased with decreasing RTI value. Exposure to the mine environment showed little effect on the activation times in large-scale experiments, and no significant effect in laboratory experiments. The results showed that airflow can have a significant effect on the activation times of automatic sprinklers. This needs to be considered in the design of effective sprinkler suppression systems for ventilated areas.

Jan 1, 2010

By O. C. Blade

This report on the properties of motor fuels sold through service stations in the United states was made in accordance with a cooperative agreement between the American Petroleum Institute and the Bureau of Mines of the United states Department of the Interior. This paper is a continuation of a series made in cooperation with the Coordinating Fuel Research (CFR) Committee of the Coordinating Research Council (CRC), Inc. The first of this series of reports presented data on motor gaso1ines sold during the winter of 1935-36, and succeeding reports described motor gasolines sold during the summers and winters to and including the summer of 1941.3/ No reports were made on motor gasolines sold during the winter of 1941-42 and during the summer of 1942. However, starting with the winter of 1942-43, the semiannual reports were resumed

Jan 1, 1948

By O. C. Blade

This report on the properties of motor fuels sold through service stations in the United states was made in accordance with a cooperative agreement between the American Petroleum Institute and the Bureau of Mines of the United states Department of the Interiors This paper is a continuation of a series made in cooperation with the Coordinating Fuel Research (CFR) Committee of the Coordinating Research Council (CRC), Inc. The first of this series of reports presented data on motor gasolines sold during the winter of 1935-36, and succeeding reports described motor gasolines sold during the summers and winters to and including the summer of 1941.£1 No reports were made on motor gasolines sold during the winter of 1941-42 and during the summer of 1942. However, starting with the winter of 1942-43, the semiannual reports were resumed

Jan 1, 1949

By J. W. Miller

This report deals with upgrading of the coal reserves of Raleigh County, VI. Va., to metallurgical standards. The data on samples herein correctly show the characteristics of the bed at the point where sampled and are used to indicate the general quality of the bed in the county. The principal results and conclusions are: 1. Raleigh County contains large reserves of high-quality, high-, medium-, and low-volatile coals. 2. The principal beds from which an increased amount of coal is expected to be mined in the future are: The Eagle, Powellton, No. 5 Block, Hernshaw, Fire Creek, and Pocahontas No.6.

Jan 1, 1954

By Fredrick L. Johnson

In 1984, at the request of the U.S. Forest Service, the U.5, Bureau of Mines began a study of the 94,370-acre Arc Dome study area (4-667) in order to appraise its mineral resources, The Bureau of Mines mapped and sampled mines, prospects, and mineralized sites in and near the area, The study area is located in the Toiyabe National Forest, about 54 mi north of Tonopah, Nye County, NV, It is estimated that over 500 claims have been staked in the study area since the mid-1800?s. In January 1986, there were 108 active mining claims completely inside and 59 on the boundary. Another 283 active claims were outside the study area but within 1 mi of the boundary, In addition to the large number of claims staked, exploration activity is also reflected by the almost 700 inactive workings that were found during field investigation.

Jan 1, 1989

By J. D. Kalasky, Stephen Krickovic

A degasification experiment was conducted in a Pocahontas No. 3 coalbed mine in Virginia. It involved (1) drilling holes in the coalbed in the out- side headings of a set of five being developed in virgin area, and (2) conducting a methane emission rate study as mining progressed and additional holes were drilled. Degasification from all drill holes except the longest in each of the outside headings and the first three drilled (excluding the in-situ pressure hole), was erratic and inconsequential in methane emission rates. The two longest holes liberated 66 and 79 cfm of methane, which is significant for the coalbed, but such quantity lasted a relatively short time; the first three were uniform but low in methane emission.

Jan 1, 1972

By William D. Monaghan

The U.S. Bureau of Mines evaluated a teleoperated continuous mining machine for deep mining in thin-seam applications as low as 1 m. Teleoperation increases the safety of mining machine operators because it removes the operator from the face, an area of immediate hazards to safer outby locations. By using teleoperation, the miner can avoid many including unexpected roof falls that can maim or kill miners instantly, methane and coal dust explosions that can be ignited with just a small spark or flame, adverse health effects from miners breathing coal and silica dust, adverse long-term inner ear damage from loud noise pollution, and other hazards related to heavy mining equipment moving about in confined underground roadways. This report presents the surface evaluation results of a teleoperated control system.

Jan 1, 1994

By Robert L. Jones

The Boston Consolidated mine is situated in the Bingham mining district, Salt Lake County; Utah (fig. 1). The property has had a noteworthy production of cupriferous, gold-bearing, pyritic ore in addition to lead ore. The Bureau of Mines established a diamond-drilling development project on the property in September 1943 with the primary objective of determining the continuity of a mineralized zone in the Commercial limestone below and to the northeast of the 800-foot level (fig.2). Examination of the geologic feature at the property previous to drilling indicated that the mineralized limestone horizon would continue belay the 800-foot level, but with a flatter dip than disclosed above this level. During the project period, 36 holes totaling 4,001 feet were drilled from underground stations outlining the zone below the 800-foot level (figs. 2 and 3).

Jan 1, 1949

By Paul McIlroy

Costs of producing lead from various known resources in the United States are developed by the Bureau of Mines to define the future availability of domestic lead at various price levels. It is estimated that 60 million tons of primary lead (75 percent of the total resource) is available at $0.20 or less per pound; 72 million tons (90 percent of the total) is available at $0.50 or less per pound; and the 79 mil- lion ton total estimated resource can be obtained at a price or $1.82 or less per pound. The supply available at $0.20 per pound or less will meet demand for over 78 years at the 1970 annual consumption rate of 763,000 tons.

Jan 1, 1974

By A. C. Fieldner

"Purpose and Nature of Tests:The rapidly increasing use of motor vehicles and trucks in the United States is creating an entirely new problem in the proper ventilation of tunnels, subways and other confined spaces through which such machines must pass. This problem has become of immediate importance because a tunnel 3,000 ft. long is being designed to pass under the Hudson River between New York City and New Jersey. Another tunnel at Pittsburgh 5,700 ft. long through the South Hills, is already under construction, and a third tunnel, 6,000 ft. between Boston and Past Boston is proposed. It is probably that other tunnels will be started in various parts of the United States in the near future.The ventilation of such tunnels is a serious matter, on account of the poisonous nature of automobile exhaust gases. It not uncommon to read about finding a man dead in his garage. Generally this happens on a cold, winter morning, after he has been running the engine with the doors and windows closed."

Mar 1, 1920

By O. C. Blade

A summary of the characteristics of motor gasoline for the summer 1951 is presented in table 1, and for comparison, a similar summary for the summer 1950 is shown in table 2. Trends of some of the more important characteristics over a period of years are shown in figures 1 and 2. As indicated, octane numbers of motor gasolines sold in the United states decreased approximately one-half to one octane unit from the record levels attained during the winter of 1950-51 and are a little below the octane numbers of summer 1950. However, average vapor pressures of the summer gasolines did not change, and certain distillation temperatures varied only slightly from those of the year before.

Jan 1, 1952

By S. H. Lorain

Shortly after the Strategic Minerals Act of 1939 we passed by Congress, the Bureau of Mines was authorized to begin a program of investigation of domestic sources of strategic minerals. Since World War I, the Philipsburg district had been virtually the only one in the United States that was producing manganese on a commercial scale. Consequently, the district was among the first to he investigated. During the summer of 1939, the Geological Survey mapped the geology and ore deposits of the district. In late July 1939 the writer examined the district for the Bureau of Mines. On the basis of this examination and of the work performed by the Geological Survey, the Bureau of Mines diamond-drilled at several properties in the district during the summer of 1940. This report reviews the mining history and geology of the district, and presents the factual data obtained by diamond drilling.

Jan 1, 1950

By J. P. Powell

Systematic waterflooding was first tried in Washington County, Okla., in 1937, when a 40-acre project was begun in secs. 24, 29, 32, and 33, T. 27 N., R. 13 E., jointly by the Keener Oil Co. and the Phillips Petroleum Co. The property later was sold to Lee Morrison. A second project was begun in 1941 in sec. 14, T. 6 N., R. 12 E., by the Oklahoma Oil Corp. Both projects were abandoned by the end of 1942. A third project was begun in 1945 and the fourth in 1948, but 1949 actually was the beginning of intensive waterflooding development in Washington County. The results of previous waterflooding projects are described in Bureau of Mines Reports of Investigations.2 3 4/ Oil production in the county followed a similar trend, dropping to a low of 990,000 barrels in 1945, then steadily increasing until 1956, when more than 4 mil-lion barrels of oil was produced. Most of the increase in oil production is directly attributable to water injection.

Jan 1, 1957

By Wilbur I. Duvall

A linear array of shot and gage holes 30 feet deep in a granite outcrop was used to compare the size and shape of radial strain pulses produced in the rock when short cylindrical charges of cast composition B were detonated axially or at one end. The axially detonated charges produced radial strain pulses that had shorter rise times and larger peak strain than the strain pulses produced by end detonated charges.

Jan 1, 1965