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By David R. Jessey

This volume contains the detailed mine site reports written by the WAPORA, Inc. and KETRON, Inc. staffs. It is a companion Appendix Volume to Control of Water Pollution from Surface Mining Operations. Copies of this report are maintained on Open File at the U.S. Bureau of Mines Research Center, Spokane, Washington.

Jan 1, 1981

By Ramona Prillhofer

Salt slag is a waste product produced by the recycling of aluminum. In most European countries (e.g. Austria, Germany) the landfill disposal of this waste is forbidden because the slag contains soluble salts and these represent a potential source of pollution to the surface and groundwater. Additionally, consisting metal and some compounds in the salt slag can react with water and resulting from this, noxious gases are generated. The recovery of useful materials from these wastes is accordingly both environmentally necessary and economically feasible. This study describes a complete recycling-process for the salt slag, which includes a leaching-cristallization-process to obtain the oxidic residue, a pyrometallurgical-step to clear the oxidic residue and finally an extensive characterization of the achieved products. Due to the increasing price of raw materials, the utilization of the oxidic residue into commercial products has been investigated and application possibilities will be discussed.

Jan 1, 2009

By A Giblett, R Dunne, D Appelhans

There are a number of hurdles that must be negotiated in order to design an effective gold ore treatment facility such that the expectations forming the basis of project economics are valid and can be achieved in practice. Selecting samples based on geometallurgical context, performing and interpreting testwork relevant to the selected process flowsheet are essential considerations towards achieving this aim. This paper discusses recent experiences in process development for free milling gold ores giving consideration to frequently encountered challenges of this nature.CITATION:Giblett, A, Appelhans, D and Dunne, R, 2013. Considerations for effective gold process development, in Proceedings MetPlant 2013 , pp 445-454 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne).

Jul 15, 2013

By Ayman Tawadrous

Cave mining offers a flexible technique to exploit large, low grade, deep ore bodies with low operating costs. It is typically done in either a top down approach; i.e. sublevel caving, or in a bottom up approach; i.e. block or panel caving, to extract ore bodies that may have been previously considered unfeasible to mine. Sublevel Cave (SLC) mining, in particular, is a cave mining method based upon the utilization of gravity of blasted ore while the overlying host rock fractures and caves under induced stresses and gravity. Thereby the caved waste originating from the overlying rock mass fills the temporary void created by ore extraction to achieve a controlled collapse of the roof.

Jan 1, 2015

By I. Ewart, E. Roux

Skorpion Zinc operates a solvent extraction/electrowinning zinc plant producing over 150 000 t/a of special high grade (SHG) zinc (>99.995% Zn). In the current flow sheet copper and cadmium are cemented from the neutral leach solution using zinc powder, to prevent galvanic corrosion of plant equipment and build-up of copper in plant solutions. This process is effective but unfortunately consumes expensive zinc dust and produces a low value copper product. The EMEW® (Electrometals electrowinning) technology of Electrometals Technologies Ltd. uses a rapid flow of electrolyte through a cylindrical cell to deposit copper or other metals from dilute solution (less than 1 g/L) [1]. The copper can be deposited as powder or may be harvested as a tubular cathode product. The advantage of the use of EMEW® technology at Skorpion Zinc will be to eliminate the use of expensive zinc dust and to produce a high value copper product for sale. Following extensive bench test work, a piloting campaign was carried out at Skorpion Zinc. The tests demonstrated the ability of the EMEW® cell to effectively remove copper from solution through direct electrowinning at lower operating cost than cementation. Keywords: Skorpion Zinc, copper, cementation, direct electrowinning, EMEW®

Jan 1, 2007

Peñasquito is Mexico's largest gold producer, consisting of two open pits - Peñasco and Chile Colorado - containing gold, silver, lead and zinc. Over the next three years, mining activities in the pit are expected to be focused on lower grade ore in the upper parts of the Peñasco pit while stripping is emphasized to ensure an economically optimal pit shell design to maximize the net asset value of the operation. By 2019, Peñasquito’s gold production is expected to benefit from an improvement in mined grades as it recommences mining higher grades at the bottom of the Peñasco pit and significantly enhanced metallurgical recoveries with the planned completion of the Pyrite Leach Project ("PLP").

Jan 1, 2017

By Renfeng Song, Shaoyan Wang, Zhiqiang Zhang, Ke Guo

Leaching titaniferous magnetite concentrate with alkali solution of high concentration under high temperature and high pressure was utilized to improve the grade of iron in iron concentrate and the grade of TiO2 in titanium tailings. The titaniferous magnetite concentrate in use contained 12.67% TiO2 and 54.01% Fe. The thermodynamics of the possible reactions and the kinetics of leaching process were analyzed. It was found that decomposing FeTiO3 with NaOH aqueous solution could be carried out spontaneously and the reaction rate was mainly controlled by internal diffusion. The effects of water usage, alkali concentration, reaction time, and temperature on the leaching procedure were inspected, and the products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and energy dispersive spectroscopy, respectively. After NaOH leaching and magnetic separation, the concentrate, with Fe purity of 65.98% and Fe recovery of 82.46%, and the tailings, with TiO2 purity of 32.09% and TiO2 recovery of 80.79%, were obtained, respectively.

Jun 16, 2021

By Robert M. Strong

The following report is a summary of the commercial results which 'Were obtained from 2,000 tests conducted by the technologic branch of the United States Geological Survey at St. Louis, Mo., and Norfolk, Va., in 1907 and 1908, under the technical supervision of R. H. Fernald, engineer in charge of the producer-gas section. The tests dealt primarily with gasoline, forming part of the investigation of mineral fuels provided for by acts of Congress. To determine the relative economy and efficiency of gasoline it was compared with denatured alcohol. The tests, many of which were undertaken in connection with work for the Navy Department, supplemented, to a certain extent, the work of previous investigations, but only so far as was necessary to emphasize some of the more important points and to lead up to the defining of conditions required for the economical use of gasoline and alcohol. In order to determine and eliminate the affecting engine conditions as far as possible, the investigation was commenced by making comparative gasoline and alcohol tests on the same engines. These tests were repeated on other engines of approxiElately the same size and speed, having different degrees of comFression, different methods of governing, and different carburetors. The final report will include much material that may be of use in engine design, but that side of the investigation was not pursued any further than was necessary to obtain the best possible results, for alcohol and for gasoline with the engines at hand, and to prove that the minimum fu·el-consumption rate for each could be obtained in approximately the same manner. The effects of engine and of operating conditions both have a bearing on the commercial deductions but will be discussed only in a general way at this time.

Jan 1, 1911

By Walter R. Storms

"The New Mexico potash exploration described herein was begun in February- 1944 by the Federal Bureau of Mines with the object of determining the amount of potash ore in the United States Potash Reserve in Eddy County, N. Mex., by exploring the deposit from the surface with vertical drill holes. The work was completed in October of the same year after 16 holes had been drilled on the reserve and in the immediate vicinity.The Potash Reserve is located in secs. 26, 27, 34, and 35, T. 20 S., R. 29 E., Eddy County, N. Mex., about 14 miles northeast of the city of Carlsbad. Drilling was done in secs. 26 and 35 of the reserve, in sec. 14 to the north, and secs. 25 and 36 to the east. All work was done on Government-owned, unleased land.The reserve may be reached from Carlsbad by traveling northeast by automobile for about 14 miles on paved U. S. Highway 62. This highway passes through the southern part of the reserve. Other parts may be reached by a State highway which passes along the eastern side of the area, then by poor dirt roads to various drilling sites. A branch of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad also passes across the southern part of the reserve en route from Carlsbad to the plant and mine of the Potash Co. of America, a few miles northeast of the Project and 22 miles from Carlsbad.Work on the project was greatly facilitated by the help of Ralph H. King, associate geologist, R. K. Bailey, geochemist, H. C. Spicer, geophysicist, Hope Bunker, junior geologist, and R. H Allport, district mining supervisor, all of the Federal Geological Survey; and Charles H. Johnson, who at that time was district engineer for New Mexico for the Mining Branch of the Bureau of Mines."

Apr 1, 1946

By A. W. Fahrenwald

Flotation practice in Idaho is now about 13 years old. The advance has been steady during these 113 years. The operators have been alert to take advantage of the newest developments and they have themselves made a constant effort to improve their work. The metallurgical improvements are due to the development of (1) better equipment, (2) better reagents, and (3) better understanding and control of the process. During the eight years the writer has been in this district, there has been continuous experimentation by several companies to improve the ore dressing by flotation methods. Gravity concentration has fought hard to hold its place, and although it is true that gravity processes have been improved during this period, nevertheless, in several of the important mills of the district the few tables that managed to hang on have finally given way. On the straight-lead ores, tables and jigs are still used; and, due to better classification, their hold on this job has been strengthened. Ores of the District The ores of the district are of two general classes: (1) clean lead ores, such as those from the Bunker Hill and Hecla mines, and (2) complex lead-zinc ores. The general impression prevails that the clean lead ores, class 1, are simple and that it is easy to obtain high recoveries and good grade products. This, in a way, is a false impression; there is quite a high percentage of locked middling in these ores at 100 and' 150-mesh sizes. Improved classification preparatory to table treatment of this type of ore has made it possible to segregate effectively a high-grade middling which is further comminuted and floated. The complex lead-zinc ores of the district, of which the ore from the Morning mine of the Federal Mining & Smelting Co. is a typical example, always have presented a difficult problem. It always has been comparatively easy to make a clean lead concentrate, but it never has been possible to concentrate sphalerite with a specific gravity of 4.10 from siderite of gravity 3.88. Also, a large percentage of the galena and sphalerite of this class of ore refuses to separate out until the crushing has been carried

Jan 1, 1928

By I. Campbell, P. C. Jones, E. G. Potter, R. P. Taylor

"The Cobalt embayment is a large domain of Paleoproterozoic clastic sedimentary rocks that unconformably overlies the Archean Abitibi greenstone belt. Regionally extensive sills and dikes of Nipissing diabase, emplaced circa 2219 Ma, occur throughout the embayment and are the preferential host to gold-bearing polymetallic vein systems on the Merico-Ethel property, near the northeastern margin of the Cobalt embayment. These gold-bearing, polymetallic veins are predominantly east-west-trending, steeply dipping, discordant calcite- quartz vein systems that formed close to the time of crystallization (within ~15 m.y., based on Pb-Pb ages) of the Nipissing diabase. The ore mineralogy is complex in character, typically comprising sulfides, arsenides, native metals (gold and silver), and specular hematite, preferentially concentrated along the interface between silicate and calcite gangue. A simplified sequence of mineral deposition in the veins is: (1) "Early-stage" pyrite ± chalcopyrite hosted in quartz ± chlorite gangue; (2) "Main-stage" polymetallic (Cu + Co + As + Ag + Au + Bi ± Pb ± Ni ± U) sulfides, arsenides, and native metals hosted in calcite gangue; and (3) "Late-stage" calcite flooding ± galena. Wall-rock alteration in Nipissing diabase is restricted to narrow (<5 cm) haloes of calcite-chloriteepidote- bearing assemblages, whereas a weak alteration halo of specular hematite, calcite, and allanite-epidote has been observed in the surrounding sedimentary rocks. In terms of their age, geology, mineralogy, paragenesis, and morphology, the gold-bearing vein systems at Merico-Ethel closely resemble the silver-sulfarsenide vein deposits of the historic Cobalt and Gowganda mining camps. These observations indicate that the Au-bearing veins are variants of the Ag-vein systems and as such, have a common genesis belt. L’Échancrure de Cobalt est un large domaine de roches sédimentaires clastiques d’âge Paléoprotérozoïque qui reposent en discordance sur la ceinture de roches vertes d’Abitibi d’âge Archéen. La Diabase de Nipissing, mise en place vers 2219 Ma et qui constitue un réseau de sills et de dykes d’importance régionale, est présente dans l’ensemble de l’échancrure et constitue la roche-hôte principale des systèmes de veines aurifères-polymétalliques de la propriété Merico-Ethel, près de la bordure nord-est de l’Échancrure de Cobalt. Ces veines à minéralisation aurifère et polymétallique constituent un système de veines de calcite-quartz sécantes d’orientation principalement est-ouest et à pendage fort qui se sont formées peu de temps après la cristallisation de la Diabase de Nipissing (à ~15 Ma près, d’après les âges Pb-Pb). La minéralogie de la minéralisation est complexe; elle consiste typiquement en sulfures, en arséniures, en métaux natifs (or et argent) et en hématite spéculaire, préférentiellement concentrés à l’interface entre les silicates et la gangue de calcite. La séquence de déposition simplifiée des minéraux dans les veines est : (1) «Stade précoce» pyrite ± chalcopyrite encaissés dans une gangue de quartz ± chlorite; (2) "Stade principal" sulfures polymétalliques (Cu + Co + As + Ag + Au + Bi ± Pb ± Ni ± U), arséniures, et métaux natifs dans une gangue de calcite; et (3) "Stade tardif" calcite massive ± galène. L’altération pénétrative de la Diabase de Nipissing est confinée à des halos étroits (<5 cm) présentant des assemblages marquées par la présence de calcite-chlorite-épidote, tandis qu’un faible halo d’altération en hématite spéculaire, calcite et en allanite-épidote est noté dans les roches sédimentaires environnantes. De par leur âge, leur géologie, leur minéralogie leur paragenèse et leur morphologie, les systèmes de veines aurifères de Merico-Ethel ressemblent beaucoup aux gîtes filoniens d’argent-sulfoarséniures des camps miniers historiques de Cobalt et de Gowganda. Ces observations indiquent que ces veines aurifères constituent une variante des systèmes des veines argentifères et qu’elles partagent"

Jan 1, 2009

By J. P. Walsted

Offgrade chromite concentrate, with a Cr-Fe ratio of 1.3 to 1.4 has been successfully smelted to produce useful ferroalloys. The Cr-Fe ratio is not improved, but the alloys can be used without a too drastic change in normal steel-mill practice. The ordinary high-carbon ferrochrome has been successfully produced by smelting under highly acid smelting conditions. An alloy containing 50 percent chromium was produced at a power consumption of 4,490 kw.-hr. per ton of alloy. Alloys containing 20 percent silicon were made by direct smelting chromite concentrate and silica.

Jan 1, 1956

By A. Barba, M. P. Gómez, F. Puertas, M. Palacios, M. F. Gazulla, S. Martínez-Ramírez, I. García-Díaz

"The present study explores the reactivity and burnability of cement raw mixes containing fired red or white ceramic tile wastes or combinations of the two as alternative raw materials. The results showed that the new raw mixes containing these wastes are technically viable. The reactivity and burnability of the new raw mixes have been evaluated; confirming very good results when the particle size of wastes was less than 90 µm. The chemical and mineralogical compositions of the new clinkers were comparable to clinker manufactured with conventional raw materials. The mix of red and white ceramic tile waste was found to perform as well or better than each type of waste separately, a promising indication that separation of the two would be unnecessary for these purposes.IntroductionPortland cement clinker production consumes large amounts of energy (850 kcal/kg clinker) and has a considerable environmental impact. This involves massive quarrying for raw materials (limestone, clay etc), as it takes 1.7 tonnes to produce one tonne of clinker, as well as the emission of greenhouse and other gases (NOx, SO2, CO2) into the atmosphere. Around 850 kg of CO2 are emitted per tonne of clinker produced.The cement industry is looking for solutions to these problems, to attain sustainability and comply with the Kyoto Protocol commitments [1,2]. For that reason, experimental ways are being explored to develop cements whose manufacture is less energy-intensive, less damaging to the surrounding environment and with lower tendency to emit polluting gas. One of the reach this objective is the use of industrial waste and by-products as alternative materials for cement manufacture. Such alternative materials may partially replace fuel [3,4], conventional raw materials [5-8] or clinker in the final composition of the cement [9]."

Jan 1, 2008

By G. Clarkson, M. Hitch, R. Clarkson

"A novel reagent-free method of extracting gold from gravity middling concentrates in the Yukon placer fields is presented in this paper. This method exploits the malleability of gold by submitting concentrates to grinding in a rod mill. Brittle waste minerals are effectively reduced, whereas malleable gold particles are flattened and are then extracted by classification through sieves. Recoveries in the field using a laboratory-sized rod mill regularly exceeded 90%, whereas correlation laboratory tests indicated recovery to be most sensitive to the mill charge size. This method has broad potential, including application to the gravity circuits of large hard-rock processing circuits.RÉSUMÉ Cet article présente une nouvelle méthode sans agents réactifs d’extraction de l’or dans les concentrés gravimétriques mixtes que l’on trouve dans les districts placériens du Yukon. Cette méthode exploite la malléabilité de l’or en broyant des concentrés dans un broyeur à barres. Les déchets miniers cassants sont bien réduits, alors que les particules d’or malléables sont écrasées puis extraites par classification au travers de cribles. Si les récupérations sur le site à l’aide d’un broyeur à barres de laboratoire excèdent 90 %, les essais de concordance en laboratoire indiquent que la récupération est très sensible à la taille de la charge du broyeur. Cette méthode présente un grand potentiel, notamment une application possible aux circuits gravimétriques des grands circuits de traitement des roches dures.INTRODUCTIONExploiting the high density of gold to separate it from waste materials is the oldest known mineral processing technique. This basic technique is still widely used in gravity concentration circuits today; however, gravity processing invariably results in high-value middlings, especially in the Yukon placer gold fields. In addition to having a uniquely high density, gold is also the most malleable metal. This unique malleability can be exploited to extract gold from otherwise inaccessible gravity middlings.The Yukon placer gold industry has been continuously ongoing since the 1860s, and today produces approximately 60,000 oz t (1.87 million grams) of crude gold annually, most of which is from the Klondike region near Dawson City (Van Loon & Bond, 2014). It is important to note that Yukon placer miners do not use any chemical extraction methods; rather, gravity upgrading methods are the sole processing techniques used. Placer deposits are typically coarse, well liberated, and naturally gravity concentrated and recoverable, thus making more expensive chemical extraction unnecessary (Mitchell, Evans, & Styles, 1997). Furthermore, a strict permitting regime, environmental concerns, lack of expertise, and fear of repercussions from regulators prevent miners from attempting more advanced processing methods, such as flotation or cyanidation. Even simple chemical extractions like mercury amalgamation have not been implemented for decades, with one observer noting that, as many as 30 years ago, “the art of mercury for amalgamating appear[ed] to be dying [in the Yukon]” (Osler, 1983)."

Jan 1, 2017

By C. Arthur Carlson

"It now becomes my privilege and duty to call to order this fifty-first meeting of the Rocky Mountain Coal Mining Institute. "I bid you a hearty welcome and I know by your attendance at these meetings you will gain a great deal of valuable information, as well as have a wonderful time. "We have been very ably represented by Mr. John H. Emrick as General Chairman, assisted by our good friend Mr. Fred W. Whiteside, our secretary and treasurer. I know they have worked very hard in selecting the various committees, who in turn - by the looks of our program have gone all out to prepare material that should be of great interest to us. I trust we will be attentive to the subjects presented and freely enter into the discussions, also relating our problems and experiences. I am sure this will prove both profitable and beneficial to all present. "The main purpose of these conventions is to become acquainted with each other, renew old acquaintances, talk over our problems, and have a little fun and relaxation from our every day routine. "Let us not forget the manufacturers, the distributors, the operators, or the press because it is through their splendid support that this organization is successful. "Since our last meeting we have gained many new members, whom we especially welcome. We are sorry to have lost a few. I am mindful, at this time, of two very good members from my home state who have passed away, Walter Wetzel, a former president of this institute, and Lee Alger, at the time of his death, Vice-President from Utah. We also lost very recently our assistant Secretary-Treasurer, Everret Davis. These men contributed a great deal to the institute and the coal industry in general. I am sure they are greatly missed by all who knew them."

Jan 1, 1955

By J. P. Mogan, E. D. Dainty, A. Lawson

"The toxicity reduction of emissions from two diesel engines by the emulsification of water into fuel oil was investigated to determine the applicability of such systems to underground mining machinery. . The engines studied were: 1) the Deut; F6L7J4, four-stroke, air-cooled, 6-cylinder, V-configuration, indirect-injection (IDl) engine, and 2) the Detroit Deisel Allison Division 8V7JN, two-stroke, water-cooled, 8-cylinder, V-configuration, direct-injection (Dl) engine.The application of emulsified fuel treatment to the two-stroke engine did not prove to be practicable. In the case of the Deutz engine, however, substantial benefit resulted. For a modest J5 per cent water content in the fuel and an injection timing of24° BTDC, approximate reductions of40 per cent in the concentrations of both particulate matter and nitric oxide (NO) were produced. These reductions were accompanied by insignificant changes in other toxic constituents. The net result was an approximate 30 per cent reduction in the over-all exhaust toxicity for typical LHD operation as assessed by the Health Effects Index criterion. This toxicity reduction represents a significant advance from the points of view of an improved underground environment and/or reduced ventilation costs."

Jan 1, 1981

By E. Morrice

The metallurgical laboratory data developed in this study indicate an improved electrowinning process for producing higher purity cerium ingot. A typical sample of the Reno electrocerium contains 99.9 weight-percent cerium and the following impurities: Total other rare-earth elements, less than 0.04 percent; iron not detected; silicon and aluminum, less than 0.02 percent each; calcium plus magnesium, less than 0.01 percent; carbon, 0.01 percent; oxygen, 0.002 percent; hydrogen, 0.0003 percent; and nitrogen, 0.0015 percent.

Jan 1, 1960

Crystalline silica is the scientific name for a group of minerals composed of silicon and oxygen. The term crystalline refers to the fact that the oxygen and silicon atoms are arranged in a three-dimensional repeating pattern. This group of minerals has shaped human history since the beginning of civilization. From the sand used for making glass to the piezoelectric quartz crystals used in advanced communication systems, crystalline silica has been a part of our technological development. Crystalline silica&apos;s pervasiveness in our technology is matched only by its abundance in nature. It&apos;s found in samples from every geologic era and from every location around the globe. Scientists have known for decades that prolonged and excessive exposure to crystalline silica dust in mining environments can cause silicosis, a noncancerous lung disease. During the 1980&apos;s, studies were conducted that suggested that crystalline silica also was a carcinogen. As a result of these findings, crystalline silica has been regulated under the Occupational Safety and Health Administration&apos;s (OSHA) Hazard Communication Standard (HCS). Under HCS, OSHA regulated businesses that use materials containing 0.1 or more crystalline silica must follow Federal guidelines concerning hazard communication and worker training. Although the HCS does not require that samples be analyzed for crystalline silica, mineral suppliers or OSHA-regulated businesses may choose to do so if they wish to show that they are exempt from the requirements of HCS. Because crystalline silica is an extremely common mineral and the HCS will affect many mineral commodities, it is important then, that there be as clear an understanding as possible of what is and what is not crystalline silica, and where it is found and used, and how it is qualitatively and quantitatively identified. This primer is an attempt to accomplish this in as nontechnical a manner as possible. This primer will examine crystalline silica. Part I will describe, in nonscientific terms, what crystalline silica is and how we come in contact with it. Part" will discuss the regulatory decisions that have created new interest in this ancient and widespread substance and will present a nontechnical overview of the techniques used to measure crystalline silica. Because this primer is meant to be a starting point for anyone interested in learning more about crystalline silica, a list of selected readings and other resources is included. The detailed glossary, which defines many terms that are beyond the scope of this publication, is designed to help the reader move from this presentation to a more technical one, the inevitable next step.

Jan 1, 1992

By J. W. Thompson

OIL AND GAS AS MINERALS. Oil and gas within the ground are minerals and the fact that they have attributes not common to other minerals because of their fugitive nature or vagrant habit, and the disposition to percolate, and the possibility of their escape from beneath one part of the surface to another, does not remove them from the class of minerals. Texas Co. v. Daugherty (Texas), 176 Southwestern, 717, p. 719, May, 1915. OWNERSHIP OF TAILINGS-ABANDONMENT. A corporation engaged in milling- and the reduction of ores deposited the tailings therefrom upon a portion of its own land lying in a gulch through which water flows at times in great volumes and with great force' and notwithstanding all reasonable efforts by dams and otherwise to retain its tailings, the tailings eventually were forced upon the lands of an adjoining owner; these tailings were valuable and their retreatment, intended by the mill owner, profitable; and the fact that the tailings were so washed down upon the lands of the adjoining owner and permitted to accumulate and remain for some considerable time is not sufficient to show an abandonment on the part of the owner of the tailings, where it is clear that the owner had no intention of so doing, but on the contrary, always intended to conserve and retreat the tailings.

Jan 1, 1916

By Leo Wolrnan

IN the relations that exist between capital and labor in this country, there is a bright as well as a dark side. After many years of distressing conditions of labor and a plentiful supply of propaganda, it is doubtful that the doctrine of the class struggle, however defined and stated, has been embraced by any influential and numerous elements of our population. Extreme and uncivilized methods of conflict, whether they be the labor spy as used by the employer or the sit-down strike by organized, labor, have come to be abandoned as the result of the pressure of sober and distinterested public opinion. Unwise terms of our law of trade unions and the unbridled zeal of its administrators show some slight signs of being revised in the light of &apos;experience and the protests of the law&apos;s own beneficiaries. At the point where labor policy touches economic conditions, the two powerful factions in the American labor movement appear to look with a less friendly eye on the bewildering succession of economic experiments and to have a deep nostalgia for a simpler and more prosperous economy.

Jan 1, 1938