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By Thomas M. Drown

At the meeting of the Istitote in New York, in February, 1880," I described a process of determining sulphur iu metallic allphides, with especial reference to the determination of pyrites in coal. The procem, as then described, is as follows: A solution of sodium hydrate, of 1.25 specific gravity, is saturated with bromine. If an excess of bromiue is used it must be neutralized by the addition of a little more sodium hydrate. The pulverized mineral or coal is moistened with 25 c.e. of this solution autl heated, then hydrochloric acid is added cautiously to just acid reaction. This operation is repeated with another 25 c.c. of the alkaline solution, and again rendered acid. The mixture should be kept hot. The contents of the beaker or dish are then

Jan 1, 1881

By D. W. Frommer, M. M. Fine

Early in 1957 St. Joseph Lead Co. announced discovery of three new centers of iron ore deposition in east central Missouri.1 The discovery resulted from exploratory drilling in the vicinity of a magnetic anomaly or high. A deep hole, drilled into the Pre-Cambrian porphyry to determine the cause of anomaly, penetrated a magnetite-rich deposit.2 The magnetic surveys that revealed the anomalies were begun by the Missouri Geological Survey in 1929 and were continued into the 1930's 3. At that time an area in Crawford County known as the Bourbon magnetic high was located. A second anomaly, similar in size and intensity, was discovered about six miles to the northeast in Franklin County in the vicinity of Sullivan. This area was not studied in detail until the early 1940's.

Jan 3, 1959

By H. Scott

SINCE Böhler discovered, in 1903, on cooling certain alloy steels, the phenomenon of a new and lower temperature transformation than the usual Ar3_2_1 obtained by increasing the maximum temperature to which the material was heated, much has been published' connecting this phenomenon with a large number of dissimilar steels of high alloy content. From the fact that the transformation divides itself, taking place at two widely separated temperatures, it has been called a "split transformation." The, significant facts established by recent investigators' are: that when the' transformation occurs at the higher temperature Ar', troostite or a decomposition product is formed, and that when the transformation occurs at the lower temperature Ar", the resulting structure is martensite. The terminology Ar' and Ar" adopted here is that of Portevin.3

Jan 2, 1919

NEW MEMBERS The following list comprises the names of those persons who became members during the period Sept. 10 to Oct. 10, 1914: Members ALLEN, MILTON A., Min. Engr., Alaska Gastineau Mining Co., Juneau, Alaska. ALLPORT, ROBESON H., Gent Supt Colonial Coal & Coke Co., Dorchester, Va. ALSDORF, FREDERICK C.... Murray Apartments, 1026 Orange St., Los Angeles, Cal. ANDERSON, CARL A., Min. Engr 920 Wooward Ave., Portland, Ore. ARMS, CHARLES SEELYE, Asst. Met Willys-Overland Co., Toledo, Ohio. BAILEY, PHILIP P., Min. Engr McGill University, Montreal, Canada. BECK, CHARLES SMITH, Engr Detroit Copper Co., Morenci, Ariz. BEESON, ALEXANDER G., Chief Engr., Pittsburg-Buffalo Co. and Four States" Coal & Coke Co., Washington, Pa. BINGHAM, RAYMOND A Box 173, Bridgeport, W. Va. BJORGE, Guy N., Geol., Old Dominion Copper Mining & Smelting Co.,. Globe, Ariz.

Jan 11, 1914

NEW MEMBERS The following list comprises the names of those persons who became members during the period of Apr. 10, 1918, to May 10, 1918. BALLARD, JOHN I Supt., Cable Mining Corpn., Cable, Mont. BURKMAN, JOHN M. F., Constr. Engr., U. S. Smelt. Refin. & Min. Co., Care -University Club, Mexico City, D. F. CALLEN, ALFRED COPELAND, Head, Mining Engineering Dept., West Virginia University Morgantown, W. Va. CHADWICK, LAWRENCE, Chem., Mt. Elliott Copper Co., Ltd., Selwyn, via Townsville, North Queensland, Australia. CODY, FRANK W., Skimmer, Reverberatory Furnace, Arizona Copper Co., Clifton, Ariz. COOLBAUGH, MELVILLE F., Prof. of Chem., Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colo. DODGE, ALLAN WAYNE The Dodge Agency, 104 East Iron Ave., Salina, bans. DONNELLY, LEONARD G., Pet. Geol., Sinclair Oil & Gas Co., Sinclair Bldg., Tulsa, Okla.

Jan 6, 1918

NEW MEMBERS The following list comprises the names of those persons who became members during the period Mar. 10, 1916 to Apr. 10, 1916. ALLEN, P. R., Pres., McAlester Coal & Coke Co., Knight Templar Bldg., McAlester, Okla. BERNARD, CLINTON PERCIVAL, Min. Engr., Care Forminiere Mission Kasai, Tschikapa, Congo Belge, W. Africa. CARPENTER, GEORGE 0., Vice-Pres National Lead Co. St. Louis Mo. CLARK, WILLIAM ANDREWS, JR., Min. Engr., Pres., Elm Orlu Mining Co., Butte, Mont. CLAYTON, CHARLES YANCEY, Asst. PrOf. of Metallurgy and Ore Dressing, Missouri School of Mines, Rolla, Mo. COHEN, JULIUS MILTON, Mgr. Croesus Gold Mines, Ltd., Matheson, Ont., Canada. CRAMER, WILLIAM BRONSON, Met. at Concentrator, Old Dominion Copper Min. & Smelt. Co., Globe, Ariz. DAHL, SIMEON H., Mill Supt., Messina Transvaal Dev. Co., Messina, Transvaal S. Africa.

Jan 5, 1916

By AIME AIME

JAMES TERRY DUCE is still on the sunny side of fifty, having been born on Dec. 30, 1892 in Worcester, England. Early in life he came to the United States, however, and graduated from the University of Colorado in 1915 .as a geologist. Thereafter for a few years he was with the Colorado State Geological Survey and Bureau of Mines, also doing a bit of teaching at his alma mater and at Washington University, St. Louis. Towards the end of the World War he was with the chemical warfare section of the U. S. Army. Beginning in 1919, he spent 21 years as geologist in various capacities for The Texas Corporation, for a time

Jan 1, 1941

By AIME AIME

IT is unlikely that any oil field has ever threatened the future course of the oil industry as does Kettleman today. It seems that nature has striven to outdo herself in combining in this field every possible factor conducive to a tremendous production of the petroleum product in greatest demand-gasoline. This field already has 13,700 acres of proved land and an oil zone of known thickness of 1400 ft. It has wells yielding several thousand barrels of oil of virtually motor fuel grade, together with millions of cubic feet of gas at almost unheard of pressures. The field would have been the. answer to an oil man's prayer in times of under-supply, but now it is the oil man's nightmare, for drilled in -the manner of most other fields and without regard to available markets for oil and gas, the greatest physical and economic losses in the his¬tory of the oil industry will result.

Jan 1, 1930

By George T. Hansen

WHY try to find oil in Utah? Why try to find oil anywhere? Isn't there too much oil already? Answers to these questions involve general oil conditions but are pertinent to my subject. In the first place oil produced in Utah up to the total amount of local consumption would not be subject to nor concerned with the national oil situation. An oil field in this State capable of producing up to 15,000 bbl. per day would have a large value and prompt realization. In the sec¬ond place, there is not too much oil nationally although the markets have been upset temporarily from time to time. Petroleum is so necessary and is in such general demand that an oil field anywhere, anytime, is a valuable and live asset. The oil business in general shows the best condition of any major industry. It has never been hit as hard as most industries and 1932 was a large improvement over its low spot of 1931. It can be and probably will be the one to lead the country back into business stability. Consumption of its products has been reduced less than that of any other important commodity. There are good and valid reasons why it should have been making a normal profit continuously. It has the oil and the processes and the facilities and the policies and the consumption of its products. There is only one reason why it has not been profitable recently and that is the lack of intelligence of from five to ten per cent of the producers. An op¬erator lacks intelligence when he cannot see that it is better for him to sell one barrel of oil at $1 than two or three barrels at 25 or 35c. per bbl.

Jan 1, 1933

By Stanley C. Herold

TWENTY-FIVE years ago no distinction was made between water wells and oil wells except in the nature of the fluid produced. Water wells usually showed no decline in their rate of production; when oil wells showed decline something in the manner of handling them was considered wrong. Both water and oil were believed to be subject to the same physical laws in their underground movement toward the wells. Today a sharp distinction is made between them. Whereas water exists alone in the porous formations at depth, oil is usually accompanied by gas. This mixture does not behave as a liquid alone. It is a frothy, seething mass of foam which approaches and enters the wells. Different physical laws come into play. Twenty-five years ago attention was directed entirely to the well itself; today the well is accepted as a mere hole in the ground, a hole to be equipped properly for efficient service, yet without any value whatever unless it is backed up by a sufficiently prolific reservoir. Then, we were concerned with wells alone, 3000 ft. in depth; now commercial wells and their reservoirs are 10.000 ft. deep. Petroleum engineering concepts have necessarily therefore undergone a change in this last quarter century. What are they today?

Jan 1, 1937

The Institute conducts jointly with the American Society of Civil Engineers, American Society of Mechanical Engineers and American Institute of Electrical Engineers, certain activities as listed below, and is joint owner with them of certain properties. United Engineering Trustees, Inc. When Mr. Carnegie made his gift which made possible a home for the engineering societies, a separate corporation was organized to act as a holding company and to manage the common property. This was long known as the United Engineering Society but the name has now been changed to one which more nearly reflects the real function of the corporation. It holds title to the Engineering Societies Building and to various funds placed in its charge and is managed by a Board of Trustees of which three are chosen by each of the four societies, American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, American Institute of Electrical Engineers and American Society of Civil Engineers, which own equal and undivided interests in the property. The land and building cost two million dollars. The interest of each of the Founders societies, aside from especial trust funds, is now valued at $493,352. The A. I. M. E. trustees are Arthur S. Dwight, J. V. N. Derr and George D. Barron. The President of the Board is Francis Lee Stuart and the Secretary, Alfred D. Flinn.

Jan 1, 1923

By J. B. Austin

Jan 1, 1945

Aamot, Olav Crone, Research Engr., Norsk Elektrokemisk Kongensgt, 18, Oslo, Norway ?29 Abbott, Clarence E., V.P., Charge of Raw Materials, Tenn. Coal, Iron & R. R. Co., 1242 Brown-Marx Bldg., Birmingham, Ala. '04 Abbott, Louis Benjamin, Chief Engr., Consolidation Coal Co., Watson Bldg., Fairmont, W. Va. '15 Abel, Raymond L., Asst. Prof., Dept. of Pet. Refin., Univ. of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, Pa. '28 Abel, Walter D., Cons. Engr 364 S. Cloverdale Ave., Los Angeles, Calif. '32 Abele, Louis T 1457 Euclid Ave., Zanesville, Ohio. '31 Abell, Leo M Sullivan Concentrator, Chapman Camp, B. C., Canada. '31 Aborn, Robert H., Asst. Met., Research Lab., U. S. Steel Corp., Lincoln Highway, Kearny, N. J. '19 Abraham, W. E. V., East India United Service Club, 16 St. James' Sq., London, S. W. 1, England. '28

Jan 1, 1936

By M. N., Short

TIE Pioneer mining district, better known as the Superior district, from its principal town, is located in Pinal County in south-central Arizona about 80 miles east of Phoenix and 22 miles west of Miami. The region embraces a confused series of mountain ranges of moderate FIG. I.----SUPERIOR, LOOKING NORTH FROM SOUTH BANK OF QUEEN CREEK. MAGMA MINE IS INDICATED BY WASTE DUMP IN GULCH TO RIGHT OF CENTER. height but precipitous slopes, between which lie irregular valleys filled with alluvial detritus. The average elevation is about 2800 ft. in the valleys and the summits of the ranges reach 2000 ft. above this. Superior is situated on the north bank of Queen Creek where it emerges from one of those ranges into a more or less basin-shaped valley. The drainage of Queen Creek is to the southwest and the flood waters spread out and lose themselves in the desert northeast of Florence, the county seat of Pinal County.

Jan 2, 1926

"The Tooele plant is situated at the mouth of Pine Canyon, five miles northeast of Tooele City. The site forms one terminus of the Tooele Valley railway, which runs southwest through Tooele City to Warner, a station on the Los Angeles and Salt Lake Railroad, thirty-five miles southwest of Salt Lake City.An aerial tramway, four miles in length, crosses the Oquirrh Mountains and connects the plant with the Bingham district.The plant consists of a lead-zinc flotation concentrator, lead smelter and copper smelter.SAMPLING MILL The mill is a standard Taylor and Brunton sampling mill, built in two sections, each with a capacity of 100 tons per hour. The building is of steel and concrete, 40x84 feet. A well-equipped pulping, sampling and drying room is attached.All ore is sampled here and then distributed by conveyors to cencentrator, lead smelter and copper smelter bins.CONCENTRATOR This flotation mill is arranged in two units of 500 tons capacity each, one equipped with Callow pneumatic flotation cells, the other with Mineral Separation sub-aeration machines.The feed is maintained as uniform as possible by bedding, after coarse crushing at the sampling mill. Standard practice of ball mill grinding and classification is followed."

Jan 1, 1925

By J. V. W. REYNDERS

THE principal manganese deposit of Russia, I one of the four principal sources of the world's supply, lies on the southern slope of the Caucasus Mountains, in what is now the Republic of Georgia, district of Sharopan. Tchiatouri, the principal town, is midway between Tiflis, the capital of Georgia, and Poti, the shipping port on the Black Sea, about 130 " miles distant. The deposit can be most easily visualized by thinking of a nearly horizontal coal seam about 6 ft. thick, outcropping on the slopes about 600 ft. above the Kvirila River. One of the accompanying illustrations shows the river, which nearly bi- sects the district, of approximately 50 sq. miles in area, and with its tributary streams makes the topography rugged, while in the background are the snow-capped peaks of the Caucasus range. Another of the illustrations gives a closer view of the outcrop. The roof and floor of the deposit are good, so the methods of working are quite similar to working a coal seam, especially as most of the mineral is soft enough to be mined with a pick. Little machinery is used, except small cars for underground transportation.

Jan 1, 1926

By L. M. Barker, E. G. Lewis

THE literature of milling is replete with papers devoted to the subject of ball milling, all of which no doubt have contributed in one way or another to progress in that art. In this paper reference will be made to only a few of the many authors, but the value of the contributions of all who have written on that subject is hereby acknowledged. With a few exceptions the efforts of most students of the subject have been devoted to laboratory investigations of principles. Davis1 was one of the first to report on plant-scale investigations and to present to mill men certain criteria for the guidance of ball-milling practices. His conclusions with respect to the significance of sizing analyses of classifier sands in their relation to the factors of mill speed and ball sizing are particularly referred to. Those conclusions were: I. If the balls are large or the speed of the mill is high, crowding will appear at the finer sizes in the classifier sands. 2. If the balls are small or the speed is low, crowding will appear at the coarser sizes in the classifier sands. 3. The indications are that best efficiency is obtained when the screen analysis of the sands show a minimum crowding at any size. The last conclusion was qualified by the statement that it had not been proved conclusively. It is surprising, however, that the literature of later years reveals little evidence that millmen have made any serious attempt to apply those criteria. This may, perhaps, be explained by the fact that the average plant-scale ball-milling problem presents so many variables that an investigation of any one of them encounters the problem of control of the others-a problem that often is unsurmountable in a small plant. In a large plant, in which there is a duplication of grinding units in parallel operation, opportunity may be afforded for determining the value of such criteria. Nevertheless, a study of published data from grinding circuits of both large and small plants suggests that either Davis' criteria have been tried and found inapplicable or have never been given consideration. For the purpose of testing Davis' conclusions and with improvement of ballmilling efficiency as the final objective, a test program was initiated in the concentrator of the New Cornelia branch of the Phelps Dodge Corporation early in 1938. The practices of that plant have already been described.2 The fine-grinding units are arranged so that any one of eight units may be operated as a test unit and its results compared with those of the remaining units. All units receive similar feed from a common storage bin, in which the product of the fine-crushing plant is bedded by traveling tripper. The ball mills are all similar in size and operated at the same speeds, and are individually metered. The feeder conveyors of each unit are equipped with Merrick weightometers. The test program as initially outlined proposed investigation of the following:

Jan 1, 1941

By L. M. Barker, E. G. Lewis

THE literature of milling is replete with papers devoted to the subject of ball milling, all of which no doubt have contributed in one way or another to progress in that art. In this paper reference will be made to only a few of the many authors, but the value of the contributions of all who have written on that subject is hereby acknowledged. With a few exceptions the efforts of most students of the subject have been devoted to laboratory investigations of principles. Davis1 was one of the first to report on plant-scale investigations and to present to mill men certain criteria for the guidance of ball-milling practices. His conclusions with respect to the significance of sizing analyses of classifier sands in their relation to the factors of mill speed and ball sizing are particularly referred to. Those conclusions were: I. If the balls are large or the speed of the mill is high, crowding will appear at the finer sizes in the classifier sands. 2. If the balls are small or the speed is low, crowding will appear at the coarser sizes in the classifier sands. 3. The indications are that best efficiency is obtained when the screen analysis of the sands show a minimum crowding at any size. The last conclusion was qualified by the statement that it had not been proved conclusively. It is surprising, however, that the literature of later years reveals little evidence that millmen have made any serious attempt to apply those criteria. This may, perhaps, be explained by the fact that the average plant-scale ball-milling problem presents so many variables that an investigation of any one of them encounters the problem of control of the others-a problem that often is unsurmountable in a small plant. In a large plant, in which there is a duplication of grinding units in parallel operation, opportunity may be afforded for determining the value of such criteria. Nevertheless, a study of published data from grinding circuits of both large and small plants suggests that either Davis' criteria have been tried and found inapplicable or have never been given consideration. For the purpose of testing Davis' conclusions and with improvement of ball-milling efficiency as the final objective, a test program was initiated in the concentrator of the New Cornelia branch of the Phelps Dodge Corporation early in 1938. The practices of that plant have already been described .2 The fine-grinding units are arranged so that any one of eight units may be operated as a test unite and its results compared with those of the remaining units. All units receive similar feed from a common storage bin, in which the product of the fine-crushing plant is bedded by traveling tripper. The ball mills are all similar in size and operated at the same speeds, and are individually metered. The feeder conveyors of each unit are equipped with Merrick weightometers. The test program as initially outlined proposed investigation of the following:

Jan 1, 1941

By Alfred Weiss

Over the past 25 years hard-rock mining companies have developed a number of profitable computer applications which appear applicable to operations in the coal industry. The evolution of these applications are described and the most profitable discussed. The basic nature of these systems is that they must cut across organizational boundaries. While technological advances contributed significantly to the successful implementation of computers within mining, the human aspects related to organization, management and control of systems projects remain as key to future success in coal as they were and still are in hard-rock mining.

Jan 1, 1983

By J. P. Dovel

Having been requested to prepare a paper referring especially to my patents as applied to blast furnaces, I shall confine my discussion to those improvements and inventions pertaining directly to the blast furnace itself, omitting a number of patents pertaining to blast furnace operations. I spent the early part of my life in the construction of blast furnaces, from rivet-heating to drafting and designing, much of the work relating to repairs and rebuilding. Later, as I became more interested in maintenance and operation of a group of blast furnaces, one fact especially made a lasting impression on me; namely, that a very expensive piece of equipment was very short lived, and the expense of replacement, relining, etc., in many instances consumed most of the profits made while in actual operation. As far back as 1910, I began to lay plans to build with a view to permanency and not merely for a blast, the common expression at that time, which really meant only one or two years in southern practice. Since we did not then blow so hard most failures occurred in the bosh and hearth. The failure of either generally meant a complete new lining, as the inwall did not look good enough to last another blast. At that time we were using two types of hearth, one of heavy steel plate protected by well and sprays on the outside, and one of heavy cast iron, made in sections and bound together with wrought-iron bands. The former type proved dangerous, for if the iron should come through, as it frequently did, it would cut away the steel plate, quickly turning large quantities of molten iron into the water, causing a severe explosion and costly repairs. The cast-iron type gave trouble also by the iron finding its way through the joints between the sections, which was not so serious, since the iron would not cut a way the heavy cast-iron sections very quickly, and generally caused only small damage, and repairs were easily made. Both types have been improved; the former by the introduction of cast-iron water-cooled plates, placed on the inside of the steel jacket. This has proved to be very good construction, but has no real claim to permanency. As the cast-iron plates cannot be replaced from the outside, the operator must assume that some time, at no late date, he must replace them from the inside, which will mean a blowing out of the furnace. The heavy cast-iron hearth has been improved by making the