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Elected Died 1895 *ABBOTT, AI ATTHUR 1908 1882 *ABBOTT, ARTHUR V 1906 1905 * ABE, MASAYOSHI 1909 1903 * ADAMS, CHARLES C. 1905 1906 * ADAMS, JOHN C. 1913 1905 * ADAMS, WILLAMS 1909 1903 * ADAMS, W. EDWARDS 1910 1884 *ADDY, MATTHEW 1896 1906 * AFFLECK, WILLIAM A. 1911 1889 * AKERS, WILLIAMS 1906 1905 * ALABASTER, RUPPERT C. 1911 1899 * ALBERGER, LOUIS R. 1911 1894 *ALLEN R B 1896 1905 * ALLEN, R. SCOTT 1906 1874 * AMIOT, H. 1892 1886 *AMSLER, CARL 1894 1898 ** ANDRSON, JOHN W 1905 1895 *ÅNGSTROM, CARL 1901 1887 * ARCHBALD, JAMES 1910 1900 * ARLETT, GEORGE H 1906 1895 *ARMSTRONG, JOHN F 1898 1882 *ARNOLDS, HUGO 1886 1875 *ASHBURNER, CHARLES A 1889 1872 *ASIIBURNER, WILLIAM 1887 1883 *ATKINS, C M , JR 1885 1905 * AUSTEN, PETER T 1907

Jan 1, 1917

By H. W. Gillett

CLYDE WILLIAMS has reminded me that in the fall of 1929, gave, in MINING AND METALLURGY, an account of the hopes and aspirations of Battelle Memorial Institute, which was then just swinging into initial operation; and that therein I remarked that B.M.I. should stand, as well, for Better Metallurgical Industries, since helping to better them was the Institute's aim. So he has suggested that some of the betterments of the past fifteen years might well be listed. A yearly summary of progress comes pretty close to the ultimate in futility, for everything proved of value in that year had its inception in earlier years, and everything really new has still to be proved. Plenty of things hailed as wonderful achievements for that year, by some enthusiasts invited to contribute to the summary, turn out in later years to be inglorious flops. But over a decade and a half, betterments that are really such become self-evident, and recounting some of them can be done without guesswork or wishful thinking. An inventory of what was known and utilized in 1929 compared to what is now known and used is not too hard to make. Perhaps the most clear-cut picture of what is known and used at a certain date is drawn by the handbooks, textbooks, and equipment catalogs of that date, with scientific periodical literature forecasting what knowledge may later be used when it is verified and assimilated. The tools available for production or for research limit the application of old and the finding of new knowledge.

Jan 1, 1945

By George S. Rice

INTERESTING developments going on in European coal mines look to: (1) increasing mechanization; 12) concentration of mining; (3) improvement in safety appliances; and (4) studies in bettering roof supports and. incident to this, studies of the way a roof behaves under different conditions of support and methods of mining and back-filling. Mechanization and concentration off mining is being adapted to a considerable extent in Great Britain coincident with the development of conveyors. Belt conveyors, shaker-pan conveyors, and a combination of the two are used. For pitching seams not steep enough for the coal to run in station-chutes, the. shaker-pan conveyor is more popular. For large outputs from a contiguous face, the double-unit system of face layout-that is, the conveyors meeting at a common point-is favored.

Jan 1, 1934

By Arthur Zentner

THE PAST YEAR saw important developments in all the main branches of zinc metallurgy, which can only be douched on briefly here. Vertical Retort Smelting-The New Jersey Zinc Co. reports their operations to be about as last year when the number of vertical retorts at the Palmerton plant was increased from 16 to 28. The first unit of eight vertical retorts at Oker, Germany, to treat the Rammelsburg complex ore was completed early in the year. A second unit has been under construction and is probably ready to start operations about this time. Each unit is rated for 10,000 metric tons of zinc per year. A plant of 40,000 metric tons annual capacity is the goal. A reflux plant was also built to make high-grade zinc. The plant program is being -carried forward with government finan¬cial assistance, as was the case with the electrolytic zinc plant at Magdeburg. Government subsidies cover mining and 'smelting, and allow for depreciation and reasonable return on invested capital, according to U. S. Bureau of Mines reports.

Jan 1, 1938

By William H. Spice

Drilling activities in South Central Texas for the year 1945 continued the steady increase over the past two years, while new fields discovered for the year included four new gas fields and one field extension. In the 30 counties included in this area, which comprises district No. 1, Oil and Gas Division, Railroad Commission of Texas, 141 exploratory wells were completed, compared with 61 drilled in 1944 and 29 drilled in 1943. Of these 141 tests, 55 were field well and 86 were wildcats; 38 were completed as oil wells, S as gas and gas-distillate producers, and 95 were abandoned as dry. Atascosa and McMullen Counties were the most active in the district, accounting for 73 of the wells drilled.

Jan 1, 1946

By Clyde E. Williams

MUCH has been said recently concerning the depletion of the Lake Superior iron ore re- serves. Estimates given indicate a total life of the present known reserves of twenty to thirty years. Some argue that there is no need to concern ourselves about the possible depletion of the Lake Superior iron ore supply because foreign ores can be brought in to this country at a lower price than rich agglomerated ore can be produced from the lean domestic ores. Some fear, as a result of this, a displacement of the steel business from present districts to the Atlantic seaboard. Others show that foreign ores will be brought to interior points via the projected Great Lakes-St. Lawrence waterway. Others believe that the South, given better freight rates, will extend its iron and steel market into northern territory.

Jan 1, 1931

By B. S. Hickman

Using primarily quantitative single crystal X-ray techniques studies have been made of the precipitation of the metastable w phase in alloys of titanium with Mo, Mn, Fe, Cr, and Nb. It is shown that, in agreement with earlier work on the Ti-V system, the composition of the w phase during aging approaches a constant; the value varies from one system to another in a systematic manner with the electron concentmtion. Results relevant to the mechanism of w precipitation during quenching and during aging are presented and discussed. Results are presented to confirm that the w phase is coherent and the nzorphology of the Necipitates is described and discussed. PRECIPITATION of the metastable w phase in alloys of titanium is of interest because of its severe embrittling effect and also because of the enhancement of the superconducting properties which accompanies precipitation.1 The general features of w phase precipitation have been discussed by cuillan and by Bagaratskii et d3 The work described in this paper forms part of a general study of w phase precipitation which was undertaken to elucidate various unknown or controversial features of the process, namely: i) What is the mechanism of formation of the phase ii) How does its composition, morphology, volume fraction, and particle size vary with the type and content of the alloying element and with the heat treatment conditions? iii) What is the relation between the w phase and the equilibrium a phase? In a previous paper4 the results of a detailed study of w phase in Ti-V alloys were presented. It was shown that: U During aging the composition of the w phase approached a saturation value of 13.5 to 14.0 at. pct V. ii) w precipitated as cube shaped particles and once precipitation was complete, particle coarsening did not occur. iii) a phase formed initially by direct conversion of w-phase precipitates. In this paper similar measurements are reported on Ti-Mo alloys and some more limited data given on the Ti-Cr, Ti-Fe, Ti-Mn, and Ti-Nb systems. The results i.1 the six systems are then compared. It has been shown previously by electron microscopy that the w precipitates as ellipsoids in both the Ti-Nb system,&apos; and in i-o.&apos; Blackburn and williamsz3 have reported the precipitates in Ti-Fe, Ti-Cr, and Ti-Mn are cubic, i.e., similar to the Ti-V system.476 EXPERIMENTAL METHODS 1) Specimen Preparation. Samples of the compositions shown in Table I were prepared by arc melting. High purity electron beam zone refined titanium (Materials Research Corporation Grade I—total impurity content =250 ppm) was used; the other source materials are given in the table. A commercial Ti-8 wt pct Mn alloy was used for studies of this system. After homogenization the materials were rolled or cut into strip approximately 1/4 in. by 2 in.; the strip was then heated at temperatures of 1200" to 1300°C for several hours by passage of a direct current through the strip in an ultra high vacuum system (<10-torr) and then quenched by admitting high purity helium and switching off the current. This treatment resulted in crystals up to 2 in. by 2 in. by A in., almost all of which had a [100] direction nearly perpendicular to the plane of the strip. The crystals were cut from the strip by spark machining and their composition checked by lattice parameter measurements supported by chemical analysis. 2) X-Ray Diffraction Methods. Lattice parameter measurements were made using a modification of the single crystal spectrometer described by ond. In this technique the crystal angles for reflection on either side of a highly collimated primary beam are measured. Generally the 400 CuK, or the 400 CuKp reflections of the bcc lattice were used. In the as-quenched crystals a precision of 1 in 105 was obtained, but due to line broadening the parameters in aged materials could only be measured to 1 in lo4. This accuracy was, however, quite adequate for the purposes of these experiments and enabled the composition of the p phase to be obtained to 10.1 pct in all systems except Ti-Nb where the lattice parameter change with composition is very small. The precipitation and growth of the w phase was examined using a single crystal goniometer attached to a Phillips diffractometer. The relative intensities and line shapes of b-phase and w-phase reflections

Jan 1, 1970

By M. A. Roche

AST fall over half a million tons of ore and rock were broken in one blast at the open pit of the Hudson Bay Mining & Smelting Company&apos;s operation, at Flin Flon, Manitoba. The following particulars of the blast, and details of the preparatory work, indicate how an operation of this scope is carried out. The data given, in essentially the present form, were first published by The Canadian Mining Journal. The area blasted was 150 ft. wide and about 700 ft. long. A total of 123 tons of 50 per cent forcite gelatin, in 5 by 16-in. cartridges, was used for the charge. Drilling for the blast was started on May 29, and was completed late in August, requiring 1297 machine shifts for drilling only. Total footage drilled for the shot was over 5 miles of 6-in. hole. The main blast consisted of 232 holes spaced on 17.5-ft.

Jan 1, 1934

By Philip D. Wilson

OF all the metals in the war program the demand for and the production of magnesium have increased percentagewise the most. In the prewar year 1939 the production was 3350 tons. The war program, twice expanded, now provides for nearly one hundred times that amount annually. The goal announced by the War Production Board in February 1942 was 362,500 tons per year. Be- cause of the development during the year of satisfactory types of incendiary bombs other than magnesium this objective has been somewhat reduced but the capacity of the plants already built or under construction will be huge. The Aluminum and Magnesium Division of the W.P.B. has had the responsibility of planning and implementing this expansion and of providing fabricating facilities as well for this greatly increased tonnage of magnesium ingot.

Jan 1, 1943

By AIME AIME

NAPOLEON&apos;S dictum that an Army travels on its stomach has not changed in this present war, but the things an Army&apos;s stomach calls for would be more than strange to Napoleon. Today one of the main articles of diet for the mechanized army is oil and gasoline, and the chief and most efficient source of &apos;apply overland is the pipe line. It was a flexible 4-in. pipe line that supplied the voracious appetite of tanks, trucks, jeeps, and planes across the North African desert. and it is the 1800-mile pipe line from Calcutta to Kunming, Yunnan Province in China, the longest in the world, that supplied oil and 100-octane gas for the trucks, tanks, Jeeps, and planes fighting on the Assam-Burma-China front in recent months. Completion of this approximately 1800-mile pipe line to China over rivers that had never been bridged, over hill that towered 9000 ft., and over swamps

Jan 1, 1945

By James Douglas

Discussion of the paper of James Douglas, presented at the New Haven meeting, February, 1909, and published in Bulletin No. 29, May, 1909, pp. 439 to 451. JAMES DOUGLAS, New York, N. Y. (communication to the Secretary*) :-In my paper on the Conservation of Natural Resources, I referred to the slow replacement of bee-hive ovens by the by-product ovens as a most notable instance of waste. And I quoted from Mr. Parker&apos;s report for .1906 an explanation given by him in accounting for the small production of by-product coke. It was that the markets for the by-products of the coke-ovens was so limited that some of the ovens constructed were out of operation. His report on the manufacture of coke in 1908 1 does not record an improvement, and attributes the strange fact that we alone, of all the industrial peoples, delay the adoption of this cardinal improvement from the continuance of the same almost inexplicable cause. To quote again from his report, lie says (p. 241): "The year 1908 was not marked by any notable gain in the construction of by-product coking plants, though some new work was done. There was a net increase of 115 in the number of completed ovens in 1908 over 1907, the totals for the two years being, respectively, 3,892 and 4,007. The additional equipment consisted of 140 Koppers regenerative ovens built at Joliet, I11., by the United States Steel Corporation, but this increase was partly offset by the dismantling of Y5 Semet Solvay ovens at Sharon, Pa., the net gain being 115 ovens. Included in the total of 4,007 completed ovens in 1908 are 152 Newton-Chambers ovens at Vintondale, Pa., but as no recovery of by-products was made at this plant in 190S, the production of coke is included with that from beehive ovens. The 56 ovens of the same type at Pocahontas, Va., have not been in practical operation since they were first. installed. In addition to these there was one other by-product plant of 120 ovens. Oat. was not operated during the year. The number of retort ovens producing coke in 1908 was 3,679, as compared with 3,811 active ovens in 1907." In describing the anomaly he says (p. 249): It has been contended that the development of the by-product coking industry would have shown more rapid progress if markets for the by-products were * Received Feb. 2, 1910. Mineral Resources of the United States for 1908, Part I1., U. S. Geological Survey (1909).

Apr 1, 1910

By Y. C. Liu, R. H. Richman

The effects of gel,manium and tin on the deformation and 9-e-crystallization textures of copper have been explored in detail with in the copper-rich terminal solid solutions. Addition of solute to copper produces a change in deformation texture from the copper type to the 70 :30 brass type. This transition has been measured quantitatively The types mid proportions of recrystal-lization components have been determined as a function of com-position, and correlation of recrystallization components with specific deformation components is discussed. On the basis of information available in the literature, it has been suggested that the effect of solute elements on the recrystallization texture of copper

Jan 1, 1961

By I. E. Rosenzweig

The problem considered in this paper is as follows: An arbitrary horizontally stratified area is given. The electrical properties of this area are characterized by a function p(z) (Fig. I), which shows the relationship between resistivity p of the soil and the depth z. For such general case the apparent resistivity p* will be computed, by earth-resistivity measurements carried out by any given configuration of electrodes. General solutions of this problem appear to be very important for interpretation of field results of resistivity measurements, concerning structural investigations. Such solutions have been given by many authors for the special case of a finite number of homogeneous layers (Fig. 2)lV4 as well as for the more general case of continuously ranging resistivities.5-8

Jan 1, 1940

By I. E. Rosenzweig

The problem considered in this paper is as follows: An arbitrary horizontally stratified area is given. The electrical properties of this area are characterized by a function p(z) (Fig. I), which shows the relationship between resistivity p of the soil and the depth z. For such general case the apparent resistivity p* will be computed, by earth-resistivity measurements carried out by any given configuration of electrodes. General solutions of this problem appear to be very important for interpretation of field results of resistivity measurements, concerning structural investigations. Such solutions have been given by many authors for the special case of a finite number of homogeneous layers (Fig. 2)lV4 as well as for the more general case of continuously ranging resistivities.5-8

Jan 1, 1940

Oct. 8 to 13, inclusive, 1917 COMMITTEES Committee on Arrangements H. A. BUEHLER, Chairman W. E. MCCOURT, Secretary C. J. ADAM L. L. HUTCHISON VICTOR RAKOWSKY J. A. CASELTON EUGENE MCAULIFFE J. D. ROBERTSON .F. W. DEWOLF P. N. MOORE ARTHUR THACHER E. F. GOLTRA MRS. P. N. MOORE H. A. WHEELER Committee on Ladies&apos;, Entertainment MRS. PHILIP N. MOORE, Chairman MRS.. W. E. MCCOURT, Vice-Chairman MRS. D. M. ARMISTEAD MRS. R. G. HALL MRS. A. A. BONSACK . MRS. J. W. HEGELER MRS. B. F. BUSH MRS. J. N. HOUSER MRS. G. 0. CARPENTER MRS. EUGENE MCAULIFFE MRS. F. V. DESLOGE MRS. RUDOLPH PORTER MRS. F. W. DEWOLF MRS. N. P. ROOD MRS. A. W. DICKINSON MRS. ARTHUR THACHER

Jan 12, 1917

US 4,192,852-Precipitation of iron values as a jarosite from a sulfate solution obtained as a byproduct in the hydrometallurgical processing of zinc sulfide ore The solution is cooled, partially neutralized, and clarified. The clarified solution is heated to a temperature of 80 to 100°C in the presence of sodium, potassium, or ammonium ions to precipitate substantially all of the ferric iron as jarosite The precipitate is thickened, filtered, and washed The residual solution may be processed for zinc or other nonferrous metal values R V. Pammenter and C J Haigh, assigned to Electrolytic Zinc Co of Australasia Ltd. Mar. 11, 1980. 16 pp. (423-42) Filed: 5-8-78 (903,524). Priority- Australia, 5-9-77 (PD0030) (Drawings below.)

Jan 1, 1982

By K. BRUCE DAVIDSON

-The North Central Texas area includes the following counties in Railroad Commission of Texas District 7-B: Brown, Callahan, Coleman, Comanche, Coryell, Eastland, Erath, Fisher, Hamilton, Haskell, Hood, Jones, Lampasas, Mills, Nolan, Palo Pinto, Parker, S

Jan 1, 1946

By S. J. Im

Bupyung Silver Mines daily treats average 14 tons of concentrates containing 9,000 g Ag per ton. Bupyung Silver Refinery uses Merrill Crowe process to recover the silver from the leach solution containing 1.0 g/l Ag; Series of experiments were carried out to recover the silver from the solution by means of direct electrowinning in place of Merrill Crowe process. The recovery of the silver was 99% when the cell voltage and the retention time were 1.9 v and 3.0 hours, respectively. Power consumption was 3.2 Kwh/kg of Ag. It was found that impurity buildup was not significant during the recycling. The direct operating cost for the electrowinning was evaluated to be $ 0.35/kg of Ag.

Jan 1, 1984

Elected Died 1895 ABBOTT, AI ATTHUR 1908 1882 ABBOTT, ARTHUR V 1906 1905 ABE, MASAYOSHI 1909 1903 ADAMS, CHARLES C. 1905 1906 ADAMS, JOHN C. 1913 1905 ADAMS, WILLAMS 1909 1903 ADAMS, W. EDWARDS 1910 1884 ADDY, MATTHEW 1896 1906 AFFLECK, WILLIAM A. 1911 1889 AKERS, WILLIAMS A. 1906 1905 ALABASTER, RUPPERT C. 1911 1899 ALBERGER, LOUIS R. 1911 1894 ALLEN R B 1896 1905 ALLEN, R. SCOTT 1906 1886 ALLISON, ROBERT 1916 1874 AMIOT, H. 1892 1886 AMSLER, CARL 1894 1898 ANDRSON, JOHN W 1905 1895 ÅNGSTROM, CARL 1901 1887 ARCHBALD, JAMES 1910 1900 ARLETT, GEORGE H 1906 1895 ARMSTRONG, JOHN F 1898 1882 ARNOLDS, HUGO 1886 1875 ASHBURNER, CHARLES A 1889 1872 ASIIBURNER, WILLIAM 1887 1883 ATKINS, C M , JR 1885

Jan 1, 1917

By F. R. Milliken

EXPERIMENTS, in what has come to be known as flash roasting began some ten years ago. The principle underlying the operation was not a new one, but the experimental work started at that time was the first that was carried through to a logical conclusion, followed by construction and operation of a pilot plant, and then full-scale production. For a short working definition, flash roasting may he considered the instantaneous and complete oxidation of finely ground sulphide particles, partially suspended in air or gas, the oxidation reaction evolving enough heat to make the reaction self-sustaining, or nearly so.

Jan 1, 1937