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The papers to be presented in this Session show an interesting range of subject matter. Three discuss specific problems associated with existing mines, one deals with hydrogeological risk evaluation and one uses the impact of mine drainage on an aquifer to analyse a large-scale hydraulic parameter. Paper 1. Environment studies to determine the impacts of re-opening Banska Stiavnica-Hodrusa ore district in Czechoslovakia - Dusan Cababla - Marian Skaviniak. Future developments in established mining areas may have significant hydrogeological implications, especially where the existing mines are to be deepened. In turn this may have an impact in the area of the disposal of ever larger quantities of mine water, particularly, as is often the case, where the quality of this water is poor.

Jan 1, 1988

By Childs G, Ritchie IC

This paper describes the principle and operation of small hydrocyclones for use in the coal, minerals and other process industries. The principles for selecting a hydrocyclone for an application are also discussed. Typic- al uses and installations in various industries are described.

Jan 1, 1984

By Hunter M. M

The present value of the future profits of a mining operation, using a discount factor which represents the effective cost of venture capital, provides a measure of the projected success of the operation. The present value can be maximised by appropriate selection of cut-off grades successively through the life of the operation. A case study is presented in which detailed optimisation of cut-off grade results in a worthwhile increase in profitability compared with the use of a constant, break even, cut-off grade.Some implications of this approach to profit optimisation are discussed.

Jan 1, 1992

The purpose of this paper is to outline the equipment used for diamond drilling at Mount Isa, together with alterations and recent improvements therein. As the majority of the drilling is carried out with machines running at relatively high speeds using XRN blast hole bits, the paper is mainly devoted to this branch of drilling.Because diamond bit costs constitute the major expense, a considerable amount of research into bit design has been carried out, and in several instances, costs per foot have shown an appreciable decrease in spite of rising manufacturing costs and higher diamond prices. Equipment performance has at times been erratic due to delays in delivery and occasionally because of faulty parts, but in general the position has improved by keeping in close contact with the manufacturers.BLASTHOLE DRILLING MACHINESThe standard blasthole diamond drill is the 'E-500' two cylinder air powered model manufactured by Mineral Drillers Limited. Several of the older pattern JV41 are still in use, but are being retired as they wear out.. Machines are repaired in the underground diamond drill shop.The normal feed gears used when drilling in lead shales are 350 top gear and 450 low gear-actually 357 and 438 revolutions per inch of advance respectively. The 300 gear was commonly used several years ago, but it was found that bit footages could be increased without any appreciable drop in penetration rate by reducing to the 350 gear. Gears used for copper drilling are 650 and 750. Footage per shift...

Jan 1, 1953

By N Madani, N Battalgazy

Geostatistical simulation has been widely used in mineral resource classification of metalliferous deposits based on international standards such as JORC code which is one of the most extensively used around the world for reporting the mineral resources and ore reserves alongside with objectives of the companies (Sadeghi, Madani and Carranza, 2015). However, the modeling process becomes challenging whenever the relationship between the variables of interest is complicated and cumbersome to model. This characteristic sometimes manifests itself in complex spatial and global cross-correlation measures, deeply depending on the formation and genesis of the deposit. The objective then is to generate the models that not only reproduces these significant characteristics, but also, it leads to a better understanding of a mineral resource estimation and successive decision-makings. In this respect, there are different approaches taking into account the spatial correlation structures, for which can be classified as independent simulation, co-simulation, and factor-based methodologies. In this paper, three techniques: Turning Bands Independent Simulation (TBSIM), Turning Bands Co-Simulation (TBCOSIM) and Projection Pursuit Multivariate Transform (PPMT); from those aforementioned approaches are selected to model two cross-correlated variables (Iron and Aluminum Oxide) belonging to an Iron ore deposit located in Brazil, in order to examine which methodology better reproduces the corresponding complexity in terms of local correlation measure. CITATION: Battalgazy, N and Madani, N, 2018. Mineral resource assessment in complex ore deposits based on international standards, in Proceedings Complex Orebodies Conference 2018, pp 79–81 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne).

Nov 21, 2018

By J-M Rendu

Substantial progress has been made over the last ten years in the development of uniform national and international standards covering the definition, estimation and public reporting of mineral resources and mineral reserves. Agreement between the major participating countries has been reached, which includes the requirement that a Competent Person prepare and approve publication of mineral resources and reserves. Most national regulatory organisations have accepted the new standards and have included them in the rules that must be followed by mining companies operating under their jurisdiction. These developments are the result of a concerted effort on the part of professional societies, national regulatory agencies, international organisations, and many dedicated individuals. The historical development of these standards is summarised in this paper. Accepted definitions of mineral resources and mineral reserves are discussed, as well as the definition and role of the Competent Person. Additional effort is needed before the international standards are fully understood, accepted and followed by mining companies, regulatory agencies, the investment community and the general public. Steps being taken toward development of an International Code are outlined.

Jan 1, 2002

By A Crawford, P Manton

Telfer is a gold/copper operation, currently operating one open pit mine and one underground mine. The ore processing plant consists of two parallel trains involving semi-autogenous mill, ball mill and crusher (SABC) grinding, flotation and leaching. Due to receiving relatively high grade underground ore for over half of its total feed, Train 1 frequently experienced cleaning circuit overloading during high production periods. This resulted in losses in recovery and ineffective concentrate upgrade. As a quick and simple solution, the Train 1 copper flotation circuit was reconfigured to send concentrate from the first two rougher cells directly to the final concentrate and return the cleaner scavenger tailings to the third rougher cell. These modifications have resulted in a 1.4 per cent increase in plant copper recovery with no change in final concentrate grade. Preliminary results also indicate gold recovery has increased by more than 1 per cent since the circuit reconfiguration. Other benefits include less spillage, more friendly circuit to operate and a more consistent metallurgical performance. Focus for the next phase of optimisation is on concentrate upgrade. A number of opportunities have been identified and are currently being investigated, including staged reagent addition, single stage cleaning of the first two copper rougher concentrates, regrinding of the remaining copper rougher concentrate prior to cleaning and process control based on a machine vision system.

Jan 1, 2009

In eastern China, most of the copper skarn deposits occur in folded troughs which are controlled by the EW-trending faulted fold systems (the Pal-Asian geotectonic domain), and the NNE-trending rift or fault zones (the Marginal-Pacific geotectonic domain), particularly the later. From the north to the south, there are four troughs hosting the main copper skarn deposits in eastern China: the Yanliao Trough, the Yangzi River Trough, The Qiantang-Yuanshui Trough and the Zichen Trough. There are more than 30 copper skarn deposits in eastern China, and ore reserves of each deposit are between 30 to 100 Mt with average grades over 1 % Cu.

Jan 1, 1995

By Browning E. J

The application of conventional dust control systems in British Coal mines has considerably reduced the incidence of pneumoconiosis. A number of new techniques have been developed involving extraction close to the cutting heads of mining machines which will be capable of controlling airborne dust with the greater intensity of production necessary in the present economic climate.

Jan 1, 1988

The seminar had its origins in an Inquiry into the Box Flat Disaster and one of the conclusions from this Inquiry was that there should be a better dissemination of technical knowledge and the results of research work. As a result of this Mr. W. Roach, Chief Inspector of Coal Mines in Queensland and Mr. R. Menzies, Chief Inspector of Coal Mines in N.S.W. had a meeting to see how this could be done. They concluded that it would be difficult to have the sort of regular meetings that would be possible where distance was not significant, but a seminar would be a major step toward satisfying this particular conclusion of this Inquiry. As a consequence, Mr. Roach, who is on the Committee of the Southern Queensland Branch of the Institute, suggested when the Branch programme was being planned this year that a meeting of this type should be held, and the Mine Fires Seminar which was held today is the result. We have received a great deal of support in arranging the Seminar. First and foremost I wish to acknowledge support from the National Coal Board in United Kingdom. Not only have they released Dr. Willett for a period of six to seven weeks to visit Australia, conduct the Seminar and give a series of lectures in various areas through the country, they have also borne the brunt of the financial support that has been necessary to make this possible. In addition we have received considerable support from many organisations in Australia. I 'mentioned this

Jan 1, 1973

By North R. A

The Queensland Mining Act 1968-1972 has now been in force for almost two years. The Act was completely re-written and has made for easier working, e.g., there is no distinction now between Gold Mining Leases and other Mining Leases. For the first time in the history of Queensland, provision has been made for caveats, so that options etc. can be protected. The chief problem which has arisen so far has been the question of the Government issuing mining leases to the holder of an Authority to Prospect over areas which are included iri its Authority. Litigation has taken place and an Appeal, it is understood, will shortly be heard by the Privy Council. The provisions dealing with labour conditions have been brought up-to-date and generally speaking, they are quite clear as to the responsibility of the Lessee. The Mining on Private Land Act has been repealed and the provisions relating to mining on private land are now a part of the Mining Act itself. Previously, the holder of a- mining freehold did not have to pay royalty on

Jan 1, 1974

Production scale experiment study was carried out in a limestone open-pit for testing the theory and method proposed by the author(Zou, 1987). The results of experiments indicate that the mathematical model and computer programs, which include the consideration of both the three dimentional distributions of the weak planes and the energy densities of explosion stress waves, reflect the physical process of rock bench blasting quite well. The predicted fragment distributions coincide well with the practical fragment distributions measured with the photo-image analysis method proposed by the author(Zou,1989). The paper "A Three Dimensional Mathematical Model for Calculating the Rock Fragmentation by Bench Blasting in the Open-pit"(Zou,1987), which was published in some conferences and journals, has interested some scholors and researchers. In order to test and improve the model, a group of production scale experiments were carried out in a limestone open-pit during 1986-1987. The procedure and results of the experiments are illustrated in this paper.

Jan 1, 1990

Current problems in predicting sub-surface strata movement and fracture development due to longwall mining have highlighted the need for more accurate, dependable methods of physical modelling of rock mechanics problems which are beyond the capabilities of current mathematical techniques. Physical model studies of the caved zone above the working faces up to the base of a water source are of importance in attempting to understand changes in mass permeability due to induced fracture zones and the resulting ground water conditions. Turkey's most important supplies of coking coals are to be found within the hard coal resources of the Black Sea coast. Coal seams up to 9 metres thick, dipping at angles as steep as 90 degrees are being successfully mined at the Kozlu Mine. Since 1956, mining operations have been carried out under the sea in dry conditions. The undersea mining conditions of the Kozlu Mine have been investigated using scaled physical models constructed from artificial materials which satisfied necessary scaling requirements. Models representing the in-situ conditions were tested and the following extraction sequence was employed: 1. The Sulu Seam extraction 2. The Acilik Seam extraction (as two slices) 3. The Piric Seam extraction. The displacement of the fixed reference points were subsequently measured using a high precision photogrammetric technique and induced horizontal and vertical strains were calculated.

Jan 1, 1988

By M Vavro, V Slivka, J èterba

In the course of the last ten years the development of the mining industry in the Czech Republic has been influenced by the pushing through of economic and ecological criteria. Due to this coal mining was ended in the whole series of the underground coal mines. These mines become the source of ecological and safety risks û methane leakage, surface deformation, etc. The way of solving of these problems is by stowing of underground spaces, and also surface fault basins with the help of mixtures produced from industrial wastes. The presupposition of this procedure is knowledge of prescriptions for production of the mixtures, and of the economic advantageousness of carrying out these activities. This contribution pays attention to the utilisation of power-gypsum as a raw material in the production of mining-construction materials.

Jan 1, 2003

By Turner T. M, Jorgensen F. R A

The tendency of the concentrate to ignite was studied using four techniques, namely, laminar flow furnace, fluid bed, thermal analysis and boat-in-furnace. Exothermic activity occurred at two temperatures: minor activity in the vicinity of 200¦C, major activity at 330-350¦C. The low temperature reaction was due to the ignition of a small amount of free sulphur while the major activity was associated with the ignition of the sulphide minerals, notably pyrite. To avoid ignition of the sulphide minerals, the gas temperature should not exceed 300¦C and the oxygen content of the gas phase should be as low as possible. It was shown that little of the arsenic in the concentrate entered the gas phase during drying.

Jan 1, 1987

A mining joint venture presents a real management challenge to achieve harmony with the other participants in the successful development and operation of a mine. This can best be facilitated by a detailed agreement and guided by a set of joint venture principles which recognise the differences of the interests of the parties and seek to establish sound business and personal principles by which differences not anticipated in the agreement might be resolved. The major and minor co-venturers can and do present potential difficulties to one another. This paper, one of the pair in the joint venture panel discussion session, predominately presents the minor's viewpoint. Usually commercial matters such as project finance, areas of interest, divestment, pre-emptive rights and decision-making can be adequately covered in the agreement. However, when the parties disagree and have difficulty in resolving their differences, the joint venture principles should be used to advantage to resolve relationship difficulties.

Jan 1, 1997

By S Moradi

The thickener overflow of zinc concentrate, obtained from flotation process in the Angouran plant located in Iran, contains a large quantity of slimes which were transferred to the tailing ponds. These slimes have caused problems of storing and environmental aspects in the Angouran area. The objective of this research is to describe the extraction of zinc from these slimes by leaching method using sulfuric acid in pilot plant scale.Chemical analyses showed that these tailing materials contain 35 per cent of zinc. By XRD analysis, smithsonite is identified as the major constituent. Calcite, dolomite, and cerussite are found as carbonate minerals. A minimal amount of Zn occurs as hemimorphite. Quartz, kaolinite, clinochlore and muscovite are other silicate minerals in the slimes.In the optimal conditions, ie acid leach at pH of 1, temperature of 55¦C, reaction time of 120 minutes and solid-liquid ratio of 1:3 and neutralisation with Ca(OH)2 at pH = 4.5, temperature = 70¦C, time = 90 minutes, the total recovery of zinc obtained was 95 per cent.

Jan 1, 2004

Hindustan Zinc Limited has successfully installed an In-Stream Analysis and Process Control System in the flotation section of the Balaria Lead-Zinc concentrator at Zawar Mines. The system comprises In-Stream Analysis to continuously monitor lead and zinc levels in feed, concentrates and tailings streams, field instrumentation for reagent distribution and flotation cell level control linked to a central Distributed Control System for supervisory control functions. An intensive training scheme was conducted by the system supplier for concentrator metallurgical and instrumentation engineers. Since commissioning of the system in April 1989, Hindustan Zinc has enjoyed the benefits of improved lead, zinc and silver recoveries, improved concentrate grade control and reduced reagent costs.

Jan 1, 1991

By K Kellett, A V. Metzner

From its discovery in 1845 ion exchange has continually improved technically to an extent where it is now in wide use commercially in many industries including mining and environmental. Purity Systems Inc. (PSI) has made advances in the development of metals capture materials such that metals recovery using the PSI patented technology is now a viable economic process for many previously rejected applications. PSI, in conjunction with Ammtec Limited, have developed cost effective advanced processes and systems.The presentation will introduce the chemistry behind the materials and its relevance to the chelation and ion exchange methods. The applicability of the PSI resin technology to copper, cobalt and nickel recovery and the engineered systems options available will be discussed as well as piloting at Titan Resources NL Radio Hill mine at Karratha in Western Australia.

Jan 1, 2002

Seam gases are the most important atmos- phere contaminants in Australian collieries, their importance increasing with depth; C02 as well as CH4 may be important in intruded envir- onments. The generally high rank of the coal, with low moisture content, makes for abnormal dust production. The other contaminants are introduced and subject to better control, in- cluding products of spontaneous combustion. Due to market situations the generally lower rank and higher sulphur coals more prone to self heating are mined less. Future mining at greater depths should see greater problems with atmosphere contaminants.

Jan 1, 1983