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By D Q. Zhu

In this paper, the pretreatment of concentrates by roller press was present to improve the granulation of blends comprising some 30 per cent iron ore concentrates and enhance the sintering performance. It is shown that by pretreatment of fine concentrates through roller press, the content of +3 mm fractions of granulation mixture and sinter mixture permeability are elevated by ten per cent and 35 per cent. In the meantime, a sinter productivity increase from 1.51 - 1.62 t.m-2.h-1 is attainted in pot tests with similar sinter tumble index and at lower coke rate. The mechanism of the pretreatment of concentrates process to improve sintering performance of fine iron ore concentrates was demonstrated by mineralogy that better permeability help form more calcium ferrite and good microstructure of sinter, further proven by the better metallurgical performance of sinter.

Jul 11, 2011

By O A. Aladejebi, S Mitra, T Singh, D J. Pinson, S, S J. Chew, T Honey

Currently, many commercial sinter plants are exploring the potential addition of high-grade iron ore concentrates to improve the sinter grade. A better understanding of the ore blend, granule behaviour and green bed properties is critical to making this change and maintaining productivity in the sinter plant. This study compared the performance of a laboratory scale granulation drum to a commercial scale unit. The blend used was an Asia-Pacific style sinter blend containing iron ore concentrates. The operating conditions of the two granulation drums (laboratory and commercial scale) were fixed at the same Froude Number (0.00337), space factor (15 per cent) and residence time (4.5 mins). The granules were characterised by measuring their mean size, size distribution and green bed voidage. It was found that the laboratory scale granules were representative of commercial sinter plant granules at similar moisture content. When the moisture was fixed at ~6.9 per cent, granulation time had no significant effect. A further fundamental investigation was undertaken to measure the water holding capacity and intra-particle porosity of the individual ores used in this study. The kinetics of water absorption were measured which showed that water absorbs quickly into the ore particles within the first 60 seconds, slowing down until final saturation was attained after six hours. A linear relationship between the water holding capacity and intra-particle porosity was noted for different ore particle sizes. The results of this study provide a baseline understanding of the current commercial sinter blend and encourage exploring the specific effect of increasing the proportion of ultrafine concentrates in sintering in a future study.

Sep 18, 2023

By N Maistry, C Carelse, A Singh

Banded Iron Formations or more commonly known as BIF are sedimentary rock formations with alternating silica-rich layers and iron-rich layers that are mainly composed of iron oxides (hematite and magnetite), iron-rich carbonates, and/or iron-rich silicates. Considering the depletion of highgrade iron ore reserves in South Africa, there is a need to maximise resource utilisation through the exploitation of low-grade/uneconomic resources particularly BIF material, which makes up more than 65 per cent of current reserves. Previous test work conducted by alternative BIF sources globally indicates the need for fines processing in order to produce a concentrate. South African BIF however is amenable to coarse and fines processing producing an on-grade product or blended feedstock. C-Type material within South Africa’s Northern Cape Province grading at approximately 33 per cent Fe was supplied for research purposes. Top size optimisation via gravity Heavy Liquid Separation (HLS) tests was conducted. The laboratory results being perfect separation (Ep=0) were modelled to predict pilot performance, the results of which were tested on a pilot scale for the finest size fraction (-1 mm). It was observed that a top size of -2 mm provided optimum results in terms of upgrade and recovery, with crushing finer not necessarily producing superior results. At a target grade of 60 per cent Fe, recoveries of 65.6 per cent were achieved on the laboratory scale, whilst recoveries of approximately 58 per cent were achieved on the pilot scale. Targeting higher upgrades of 63 per cent would inevitably result in lower recoveries of 57.2 per cent on a laboratory scale and approximately 54 per cent on a pilot scale. This is in line with grades and recoveries achieved globally for BIF material albeit at finer grind sizes.

Sep 18, 2023

By J W. Dong, Y M. Li, J L. Tian, Z H. Jiang

Electroslag remelting is widely used to produce various special steels, mainly because of its ability to provide high cleanliness and excellent homogeneity of ingot. Undoubtedly an optimal slag plays a key role in removing inclusions and enhancing the mechanical properties of a specific special steel. In order to improve the metallurgical performance of the slag in electroslag refining of die steel, a variety of slags have already been developed using traditional trial-and-error methods. Nonetheless, these slags may not be inherently optimal for the specific requirements of actual die steel refining processes. In this work, we have designed a CaF2-CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-MgO quinary slag system using genetic algorithms method aiming to remove the existing large size inclusions (D and Ds type) in high quality die steel. The comprehensive effects of five components (CaF2, CaO, Al2O3, SiO2 and MgO) were studied based on existing fundamental theory. The slag composition was screened considering the parameters such as melting point, electrical conductivity, calcium ion concentration, and appropriate viscosity etc. Furthermore, the candidate optimal slag was applied in the industrial production of die steel by electroslag remelting method. The detection results indicate that majority large inclusions (D and Ds type) have been successfully removed, showing significant advantage to traditional slags. This result has demonstrated the genetic method to be efficient and reliable. In addition, depending on the personalised demand of other steel and alloys, this method allows for the adjustment of the screening frameworks and processes to develop the candidate optimal slags. This method has not been reported previously in the field of electroslag composition design, and compared with the traditional trial-and-error method, the new method will save a lot of time and experimental costs.

Jun 19, 2024

By W Patton, I Minniakhmetov, H Talebi, U Mueller

The sustainability of mining projects is linked to informed investment decisions based on public reporting of exploration and mineral resource estimation results. In Australia, public reporting guidelines are established by the Joint Ore Reserves Committee reporting code through the JORC Code (2012). Although the assessment of uncertainty in the results reported is a requirement, this is often communicated qualitatively and evaluated subjectively. This can become a liability particularly in the early stages of mining projects when spatial domains of geological interpretation and mineralisation envelopes inform resource estimations’ reliability. A recent review of JORC reports found no reports used quantitative assessments of the geological interpretation or mineral resource estimation envelopes, and 27 per cent of reports did not address the question of quality of geological interpretation. Reports that did address the quality used 19 different terms to communicate quality. This work presents methodologies for quantitative uncertainty assessment and communication and explores how they could be applied in public reporting practice. Quantitative uncertainty reporting would benefit mine planning and financial modelling as they normally assume the geology is 100 per cent right (since no error is reported or only a single deterministic model is provided). The complexity, cost, and additional work of doing a quantitative assessment could hinder a straightforward implementation. This could be overcome if mining companies budget for quantitative uncertainty assessment and associated professional development. A compulsory requirement for the inclusion of uncertainty assessments in public reporting or adopting standardised subjective language would improve industry practice.

Mar 22, 2022

By G Morgan, C Kemp

In December 2010, a trial of borehole radar technology was conducted to test the usefulness of the technique in better refining the position and geometry of narrow vein orebodies away from the primary data sources of drilling and mapping of development excavations. This paper summarises the reasons why the technique was applied, describes the testing methods selected and summarises the outcomes of the trial.Poor reconciliations of recovered metal from a section of an orebody at Jundee mine site, Western Australia, led to an investigation that identified insufficient understanding of the geometry of a narrow vein orebody as a potential cause. This orebody was situated between mapped development excavations and away from surrounding drill holes. Borehole radar was identified as a possible technique that could supply information on vein location and continuity away from other data sources allowing more accurate orebody modelling and subsequent stope optimisation.A borehole radar instrument (10 - 100 MHz frequency) was inserted into pairs of purpose-drilled boreholes on either side of relatively well-constrained mineralisation and the radar reflection data was collected. This process was repeated in five locations across the mine to represent the most common geological settings, lithologies and orebody varieties encountered at Jundee to determine the suitability of applying the technique in each of these settings. Collected, processed and interpreted radar data was compared to other geology data collected independently for verification and interpretation.Conclusions drawn from the analysis were that the technique could effectively determine the following features of the mineralised veins in the majority of test environments: geometry of veins, magnitude of offsets where structures intersect and orientations of planar structures with short strike length. The technique was very useful in selecting the appropriate structural interpretation where available data could lead to multiple, equally likely, interpretations.CITATION:Kemp, C and Morgan, G, 2012. Using borehole radar to refine orebody interpretations in a narrow vein gold deposit, in Proceedings Narrow Vein Mining 2012 , pp 121-130 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne).

Mar 26, 2012

By Kuwasaki N, Mitsune Y

Many activity measurements of components in liquid oxides have been reported in the field of slag chemistry. However, very little is known about the thermodynamic behavior of compo- nents in oxide solid solutions. In the present paper, e.m.fs. of the follow- ing galvanic cells employing solid electrolyte Zr02(CaO) were measured on the entire range of composition of the solid solutions. Pt/Ni-(Mgl-x ix)O/ZrO2(CaO)/Ni-NiO/Pt Pt/Ni-(Mgl-xNix)2SiO./ZrO2(CaO)/Ni-NiO/Pt Pt/Ni-(Mg l-xNix)Si03/ZrO2(CaO)/Ni-NiO/Pt. Activities of NiO in these solid solutions of (Mgl_ Nix)O and (Mgl_ Nix) 2Si0a(where 0

Jan 1, 1980

By A Dal-Corobbo, R Zick

The coal mining industry is now faced with new regulatory requirements that limit the discharge of chlorides into receiving streams. To meet these new regulatory standards for treated mine water, a zero liquid waste approach was developed using advanced treatment technologies. The approach described in this paper will generate clean water for reuse in various energy endeavours or discharge to the environment, with no substantial liquid or solid waste from the treatment process leaving the site.CITATION:Dal-Corobbo, A and Zick, R, 2013. Zero liquid discharge in coal mining operations, in Proceedings Water in Mining 2013 , pp 221-226 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne).

Nov 26, 2013

By G M. Mudd

The growing popularity of platinum and platinum group metals (or PGMs, including palladium, rhodium and others) for a wide range of applications leads to some interesting issues for mining and sustainability. The uses for PGMs includes catalytic converters for air pollution control in vehicles, growing jewellery use, catalysts for various purposes (especially petroleum and chemicals processing), hydrogen fuel cells and many others. Given the growing importance of most of these PGM uses in more sustainable technologies or in making industrial processes more efficient, it is critical to understand the complex sustainability issues which surround platinum and PGMs. At present, South Africa is the dominant PGMs producer and holds about 88 per cent of estimated global resources, with important but relatively minor production and resources in Zimbabwe, Russia, Canada and the United States. Given the concentrated location of PGM resources, what are the likely trends in PGM mining with respect to environmental sustainability? That is, what are the costs in terms of energy, pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, water, land use impacts, social impacts, economic aspects associated with this globally important industry? This paper compiles and analyses a range of data on platinum-PGM mining, focusing primarily on South Africa. It synthesises a unique combination of data which relates typical production aspects such as ore grade and scale with sustainability aspects such as greenhouse, energy and water costs. The findings are critical in understanding the debate about the increasing environmental and social costs of some materials and technologies which are considered crucial for sustainable industries based on PGMs. Overall, the paper represents a valuable insight into the platinum-PGM sector, providing a range of useful data for understanding the environmental sustainability of this particular group of precious metals.

Jan 1, 2009

By T Suwa, S Ishida, J Xue, S Fuchida, H Shimada, Y Aoki, C Tokoro

Pyrite depression with prolonged pre-conditioning treatment in high salinity water has attracted much of researchers’ interest in recent years considering the increased utilisation of multiple stage flotation, closed water circuits, clay minerals, and sea water in flotation plants. In this study, the role of calcium (Ca)/magnesium (Mg) precipitates in stabilising the dissociative ferric hydroxy-xanthate (FHX), and its effect on modifying the balance of hydrophobic/hydrophilic species on the pyrite surface were primarily investigated. The total amount of extractable Fe-bearing species on pyrite concentrates and tailings after floatability test was quantitively determined using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) extraction tests combined with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). A more evident accumulation of extracted-Fe in pyrite concentrates rather than it in pyrite tailings was observed at both pH 9 and 10.5 when pyrite was pre-conditioned in Ca/Mg-bearing solutions for 360 min. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy showed the main xanthate derivatives changed from di-xanthogen (1155 cm-1 ) to FHX (1167 cm-1 ) on the oxidised pyrite samples that were preconditioned in Ca/Mg-bearing solutions. Scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS) suggested the preferential accumulation of FHX upon secondary Ca/Mg-bearing precipitates as reflected by the higher Fe/S ratio together with the decrease of O element herein after xanthate conditioning. Although the hydrophilic secondary Ca/Mg/Fe-bearing minerals on the pyrite surface generally deteriorate pyrite’s floatability, the upper section of these secondary hydrophilic aggregates is partially covered by FHX alongside with further multilayer-adsorbed di-xanthogen. The precipitated Ca/Mg-bearing precipitates promotes the immobilisation of dissociated FHX derived from the reaction among iron oxyhydroxides and xanthate anions upon the localised secondary Ca/Mg/Fe-bearing minerals via acid–base complexation. Therefore, this phenomenon alleviates the hydrophilic modification of secondary Ca/Mg/Fe-bearing minerals to pyrite considering the immobilised FHX upon localised precipitates shows a slight hydrophobicity, and meanwhile, the upper FHX benefits the multilayer adsorption of di-xanthogen via the interaction among their inner hydrophobic alkyl chains.

Aug 24, 2022

Bendigo Mining operates a 600 000 t/a comminution, gravity, flotation and leaching processing plant for the recovery of gold from their Kangaroo Flat Operation, in the Bendigo goldfields. The free gold and gold bearing sulfi des present are typically coarse grained and hence are highly amenable to gravity recovery. Plant operating data is consistently showing that over 78 per cent of the feed gold is recovered in a circuit, consisting of inline pressure jigs, inline spinners followed by free gold tabling and intensive leaching of tabling tails. The circuit receives coarse crushed product from high pressure grinding rolls and the grinding mill discharge, which allows material to be re-circulated through the gravity process until the particles are small enough to enter the flotation circuit. A plant audit was completed on 26 November 2009 designed to give an indication of the overall operational characteristics of the gravity circuit including single pass efficiencies of associated equipment. The techniques, results and challenges of such a survey are discussed.

Aug 1, 2010

I.T.H. Drilling has been accepted as a tool used daily for both production and service work in Australian underground mines. For this reason, it is of interest to examine the rigs and drilling equipment in use to do this work, also to review the technique necessary to ensure that this drilling is done efficiently.

Jan 1, 1978

By F Kock, Y Sulianto, T Trott, B G. Putland, D Morgan

"Northparkes installed and commissioned a secondary crushing circuit in 2010 to debottleneck the semi-autogenous grinding (SAG) mill constrained grinding circuits. Following further improvements to the circuit (inclusion of a double deck vibrating screen), the project successfully delivered finer feed to the SAG mill. The result of this project was an increase in the milled tonnes from 5.6 Mt/a in 2012 to 6.0 Mt/a in 2013.The increased throughput rates introduced new challenges with the circuit becoming power limited. How to best optimise the available comminution power, while delivering the optimal particle size to the flotation circuit was made the key optimisation objective. To achieve this objective, Northparkes initiated a project that included engaging comminution experts. Recommendations included changes to the SAG mill including mill lifter design, increased grinding media charge levels and reduced grinding media size with aim of producing a finer grind size.Northparkes implemented these recommendations along with some other changes to SAG discharge grates and the mill discharge vibrating screen. This achieved a substantial reduction in the flotation feed particle size distribution (approximately 20 microns) by utilising increased average SAG power utilisation, in turn resulting in a two per cent increase in copper recovery.With power utilisation now maximised, the next phase of optimisation has moved to the throughput-grind-recovery relationship and the cost benefit analysis of installing additional grinding power.Citation:Sulianto, Y, Trott, T, Morgan, D, Bell, T, Kock, F and Putland, B, 2016. Optimisation of Installed Mill Power Post-installation of Secondary Crushing Circuit at Northparkes Mines, in Proceedings 13th AusIMM Mill Operators’ Conference 2016, pp 331–338 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne)."

Oct 10, 2016

Obtaining correct assays for gold determinations relies on the correct methods being chosen and the assayer being made aware of the mineralogy of the sample and its general origin. Usually when a geologist or metallurgist obtains "incorrect" gold assays the problem can be traced to poor communication between the geologist or metallurgist and the assayer.

Jan 1, 1986

By S Coward, S Jackson, S Moayer, J E. Vann

The variability and uncertainty of mineralisation, coupled with subsequent uncertainty in mining and processing, is often paid scant regard or overlooked during the evaluation of mining projects. In many instances, when the project transitions to the operational phase, the reality of feed or product variability and the consequences of unquantified uncertainties throughout the value chain become obvious. The outcome is the familiar picture of frequent ramp-up underperformance and failure to deliver on planned targets and objectives.Both mine and exploration geologists are expected to generate mineral deposit models that are based on an integration of diverse sources of data. These multifaceted deposit models already play a pivotal role in the design, development and optimisation of mining project value, and the trend to a fully digitally engineered future means that this importance is increasing. It is therefore vitally important that tools be made available to the geologist (as well as mining engineers and metallurgists) that enable them to characterise and assess variability and uncertainty via appropriate deposit models and thus articulate their impact on potential project configurations and decisions. Scenario-based project evaluation (SBPE) provides a framework for full and proper analysis of the downstream impacts of inherent deposit variability and uncertainty on project performance.SBPE has been developed by the authors over several years and aims to propagate geological uncertainty and variability through the mining value chain. The outcomes of SBPE can be tested against future external scenarios capturing financial, economic and socio-political factors that also drive project performance. Stochastic representations of the orebody (via conditional simulation (see Chilès and Delfiner, 1999)) that explicitly incorporate variability and represent uncertainty are propagated through the value chain on a block-by-block basis (ie on a much more granular basis than traditional project evaluation approaches).Conventionally, metallurgical processes are modelled with deterministic equations (eg regression models) based on limited data. The SBPE approach allows for the modelling of process performance uncertainty using geometallurgical sampling fully. Multiple outcomes of SBPE are passed through financial modelling, which can also incorporate stochastic components, thus allowing full quantification of the risks and opportunities of a set of project alternatives. The value of the SBPE system is that once a base case has been established, multiple engineered alternatives coupled with external scenarios are easily evaluated and compared in terms of incremental value.A new case study of SBPE is presented that shows how, by analysis of the various aspects of variability and uncertainty, project managers are able to focus on the areas that have the greatest ability to reduce risk and/or add significant value. This can lead to sufficient flexibility being built into operations that allow operators to cope with the real orebody delivered to the plant.CITATION:Jackson, S, Vann, J E, Coward, S and Moayer, S, 2014. Scenario-based project evaluation – full mineral value chain stochastic simulation to evaluate development and operational alternatives, in Proceedings Ninth International Mining Geology Conference 2014 , pp 21–32 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne).

Aug 18, 2014

By P Holtham, K Duffy, W Valery, A Jankovic

In the face of increasing energy costs, limited water resources, more stringent legislation, and lower feed grades, the mining industry is searching for more sustainable technologies and practices. Metso Process Technology and Innovation (PTI) is undertaking a research project, ‘improving the resource and eco-efficiency of mining operations’, to help the industry meet these challenges. The project is investigating alternatives in mining and processing that reduce energy and water consumption, minimise emissions and waste, and maximise the value recovered from the deposit. The targets are to reduce energy usage by more than 30 per cent and greenhouse gas emissions by more than 50 per cent compared to current practice.Key areas of interest were identified across mining and processing operations. These were grouped into the following interrelated work areas for investigation: high intensity selective blasting, in-pit crushing and conveying, preconcentration, energy efficient comminution circuits and technologies, coarse particle flotation, and water recovery optimisation. Investigations have included reviews of industrial data, modelling, simulation, and laboratory and pilot scale trials. In some areas industrial scale trials will commence shortly. This paper discusses the investigations and key findings from the project so far; highlighting the possibilities for reducing energy consumption, water usage and carbon emissions. A particular mining process may incorporate any combination of the alternatives identified and requires tailored solutions based on a detailed understanding of the ore deposit, the process and local conditions. The focus is on improving resource efficiency; creating more value with less impact and consequently a better economic return from the available resource. Technologies exist today that can transform mining into a more efficient industry for tomorrow.CITATION:Duffy, K, Valery, W, Jankovic, A and Holtham, P, 2015. Resource efficient mining processes of tomorrow, in Proceedings Third International Future Mining Conference, pp 227–238 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne).

Nov 4, 2015

By A Esfahanipour, M Osanloo

Determination of cut-off grade?strategy is one of the most important stages of open pit mine planning and design. It is the parameter directly influencing the financial, technical, economic, legal, environmental, social and political issues in relation to mining operation. Choosing the optimum cut-off grade strategy that maximises the economic outcome has been a major topic of research workers for nearly one century. Many researchers have contributed in devising methods and algorithms, such as dynamic programming, linear programming, optimal control and so on for various aspects of its determination. In this paper, a non-linear mathematical programming for cut-off grade strategy optimisation is presented, considering the three main stages of mining operation introduced by K F Lane. In this model maximisation of net present value of mining operation, under the three constraints of mining stagesÆ capacities, considered as the optimisation criteria. Due to the discrete representation of the mining resource, the proposed non-linear formulation is approximated by a non-linear signomial geometric programming. According to non-convexity and the complexity of the proposed model, an augmented Lagrangian genetic algorithm was used to find the optimum cut-off grade strategy under varying and fixed price circumstances. To validate the proposed non-linear model efficiency, the results were compared with the results obtained by the K F Lane methodology. It was found that the proposed non-linear model works efficiently in the determination of cut-off grade strategy. According to the simplicity of the structure of non-linear programming modelling in comparison with dynamic programming it is hoped that, further development of this model would certainly provide the ability of considering managerial and technical flexibilities as well as incorporating more real mining conditions in the determination of cut-off grade strategy optimisation.

Sep 26, 2011

By R Burgess-Limerick, D Lynas

A number of standards and guidance materials currently exist to assist equipment designers. The ISO process, however, is a formal process and change often lags behind technology development. In some cases, this may result in weak or ineffective standards that need to be written in general terms to accommodate future technology developments, meaning some standards may only establish minimum requirements and not be overly helpful to equipment designers, in particular when designing for workforce diversity and inclusivity. By contrast, advisory information as issued by various mining regulatory bodies is able to respond more quickly to changes in technology. Standards do however have a safety and productivity focus providing design consistency between equipment manufacturers, a basis for auditing purposes, assistance in mining regulation and compliance, and in the development and application of safety management systems. As an example of challenges facing equipment designers, ISO3411 (2020) provides data approximating the 5th, 50th and 95th percentile of the ‘earth-moving machinery operator population’ for numerous static dimensions relevant to the design of earth-moving equipment. These data are then utilised in ISO6682 (2020) to provide recommendations regarding the location of controls. Attempting to utilise the data provided in ISO3411 (or other sources of static anthropometric data) creates further challenges for equipment designers, in that reference percentiles is problematic for design purposes. There is no ‘5th or 95th percentile operator’ as individuals vary along each dimension (Robinette and Hudson, 2006). Although dimensions have some degrees of correlation, when multiple dimensions are considered, the range of individuals which fall within a given range on all dimensions reduces substantially. For example, only about 82 per cent of individuals in a population will fall within the 5th to 95th percentile ranges for both height and weight. The more dimensions are considered, the smaller the range of people who actually ‘fit’ the description.

Apr 16, 2024

By A Van Kersen, J Hodson

Waihi Gold Mining Co Ltd [WGM], operated by Normandy Mining, has been internationally recognised for its achievements in environmental management at the Martha Mine at Waihi. In a proactive approach to dealing with community concerns regarding blast vibrations on the North Wall cutback, trials were performed using the Cardox System [Cardox], to determine feasibility of achieving economic fragmentation of andesite overburden whilst bettering management levels of 5 mm/s peak particle velocity. Cardox is a non-explosive pressure breaking system which uses high pressure CO2, Results against conventional Ammonium Nitrate/Fuel Oil [ANFO] using a variety of delays showed that conventional blasting techniques could produce marginal fragmentation within the management levels with occasional excursions, whereas Cardox produced the required fragmentation while not registering on the vibration monitoring equipment. Fragmentation to enable normal excavation by a Hitachi EXII00 hydraulic excavator was achieved with a yield of 16m3 per round. The trails indicated that fragmentation with Cardox at the yields required of over 18m3 per round was possible with further product development. The trial demonstrated that non-explosive pressure breaking is feasible and its application warranted where environmental concerns affect the cost-benefit economics of production blasting in sensitive areas.

Jan 1, 2001

By J Johansson, J Lööw

There are many reports about how the new technology will affect our work, sometimes they are utopian but often dystopian. Most of the visions describe the industrial work, while the work of the managers does not seem to be affected. In this article, the authors will discuss how the new technology within the concept of Mining 4.0 changes the conditions for leadership and the work of managers in a modern mining industry.

Sep 1, 2024