Search Documents

By Luiz Eduardo Machado De Cnop

O trabalho apresenta estudo de casos onde a falta de uma análise mais profunda do problema leva a decisões técnicas de compras de equipamentos que praticamente não acrescentam benefícios ao projeto e, ao contrário, se mostram verdadeiros “sorvedouros” de energia, justamente na contramão dos programas de “eficiência energética”.

Sep 25, 2017

By Fernanda da Silva Machado

Em um mundo de recursos naturais decrescentes, com a intensificação das indústrias automatizadas de todos os tipos (I4) e contínuo aumento da população, é necessário desenvolver melhores caminhos para a geração e distribuição de riquezas. Uma das alternativas para este objetivo é o conceito da Economia Circular. Este artigo apresenta um exemplo focado na intensificação do uso de resíduos de biomassa na produção integrada de aço exclusivamente baseada na combinação de reatores industriais existentes em um layout que favorece o conceito da economia circular. O ferro também é obtido do processamento tradicional de sucata, reprocessamento de resíduos de ferro e óxidos de ferro, como a escória, pequenos óxidos de ferro, reversos metálicos, resíduos da indústria siderúrgica integrada tradicional. Os resíduos de biomassa são provenientes da demolição de casas de madeira, e outros resíduos de biomassa, como limpeza florestal para evitar-se incêndios, resíduos de moinhos, paletes usados e qualquer outra fonte de biomassa. As combinações dos reatores tornaram-se possíveis devido à nova versão do processo de Carbonização Contínua, Carboval, um reator especialmente projetado da tecnologia Lambiotte tradicional, para produzir, de preferência, o carvão vegetal que possui as mesmas características necessárias para alimentar o Mini Alto Forno tradicional a base de carvão.

Oct 30, 2017

By I. AITKENS

The basic mining law of Cuba is contained in the basic Spanish mining decree having the effect of law December 29 , 1868. This legislation has remained substantially unchanged , with the exception of a few minor administrative changes made by the present Government . These changes provide for the register of mines , oil wells , and operations of such nature , and also provide for the keeping of records showing the value of minerals taken out . By Royal decree of April 17 , 1883 , the law of mines enacted for the Peninsula ( Spain ) on July 6 , 1859 , and the General Bases of December 29 , 1868 , were declared in force in Cuba . In order to encourage the mining of iron org , in 1883 the Crow of Spain issued a royal decree to the following effect.

Jul 1, 1931

By Ricky Chipka, Roshan Thapa, Richard Yovichin, Greg Rogoff, Patrick Niemuth

A 4.5-mile-long, 96-inch-diameter outfall pipeline was constructed between North Texas Municipal Water District’s proposed Sister Grove Regional Water Resource Recovery Facility and the Stiff Creek Discharge Structure. Two TBM-mined tunnel segments were excavated for the outfall pipeline through rock and mixed-face conditions within the Austin Chalk Formation. The TBM mining performance was tracked in detail and evaluated during mining. This paper discusses the TBM configuration, TBM utilization, advance rates, and challenges of both tunnel segments.

Jun 13, 2023

By Mark Liskowich

When is it the proper time to initiate engagement with various stakeholders, including Indigenous communities? This paper will demonstrate what stage of a project’s evolution is the appropriate time to initiate a stakeholder engagement plan. It will look at aspects to consider when identifying the communities to involve. It will describe the contents of a Stakeholder Engagement Management Plan as well and touch on how tried and true options analyses, such as a Multiple Accounts Analysis can be used to inform the results of the engagement, guide the development of your project and clearly document the engagement process. It will illustrate the benefits of initiating engagement at the appropriate point in your project’s schedule, and the limitations of doing so too early and at later stages of the project engineering. The benefits of this approach can be realized within any legislative Jurisdiction including the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act 2012 and Canada’s new Impact Assessment Act.

Jan 1, 2020

By Manca PP, Lassandro R, Caranassios A, Massacci G, Ciccu R

The paper discusses the state of the progress reached in the development of the diamond wire tool for cutting hard rocks. To the advances of this relatively new technology a substantial contribution has been provided by the research being carried out at the University of Cagliari on samples of granite rocks from different Sardinian stone quarries. On the basis of field experiments and laboratory test data, the mechanism of diamond wire cutting has been assessed. In particular the influence of the rock features and operational variables on tool performance (cutting rate and bead wear) has been Elucidated.

Jan 1, 1992

By S. T. Murray

The European industrial minerals industry and its markets are largely self-sufficient. The companies who are members of the Industrial Minerals Association (IMA-Europe) number around 150 contributing 5 billion Euros to the EU?s GDP and range in size from global publicly quoted corporations to small family owned private companies. Their means and capability to implement sustainable development vary considerably. However the leading companies provide an excellent set of best practices, which IMA as a trade association with recognised core competencies in the field of sustainable development is ideally placed to promulgate throughout its membership. As an active participant in the EU Voluntary Scheme for SDI reporting IMA is not only working to increase the level of response to the SDI questionnaire but is also developing with its members a new sustainable development charter which its members will voluntarily adopt as a guiding principle for their implementation of sustainable development This work will be a consultative process involving all IMA?s section members as well as other trade associations, NGOs and MEPs. Public awareness of the benefits of minerals and their contribution to sustainable development has been raised by IMA?s awareness campaign now being followed by a more targeted programme aimed at MEPs. Further work in the future will consider product stewardship and life-cycle analysis. IMA is already positioning itself with the help of its members to assimilate the minerals industry of the accession territories in the sustainable development process.

Jan 1, 2003

F. E. BACHMAN, Buffalo, N. Y. (Communication to the Secretary) : The investigation so fully described by Mr. Laudig was undertaken with the idea of determining if it is possible to learn by expesiment, without an actual trial in the furnace, what economical results can be expected from the use of a given ore-mixture. The research was necessarily preliminary, and the results obtained are only to be depended upon so far as they relate to the samples treated. With the exception of the ores obtained from the stock-piles of the Buffalo Furnace Company, and several samples taken at a neighboring furnace, there is no certainty that the ores represented the average shipments of any mine. For this reason the publication of the names of the ores might do producers a great injustice. The names of the ores arc therefore withheld, and their identity is further .veiled by leaving out of the analyses the phosphorus-contents. The investigation was begun with the preconceived idea that the rate of reduction would be found to be dependent upon the accessibility of the particles of the ore to the action of the reducing-gas. In other words, a spongy, brown hematite or a very fine Mesabi would be the easiest reduced. I had formed a scale with No. 21 first, No. 30 second, No. 1 third, Nos. 5, 24, 25 and the remaining Mesabis fourth, etc , which is sufficient to show how much actual results differ from a judgment based on physical characteristics. The ore expected to be most easily reduced proved to be 25th in the list, while the one placed

Jan 1, 1897

James GayleY, New Pork City (communication to the Secretary*) :—The main thing that is sought after in this matter is that all purcliases shall be made by analysis. This is done already in special lines, as in the manufacture of various grades of steel in which phosphorus, silicon and sulphur are specified within narrow limits, and I quite agree with Mr. Cook that specifications, which are over-rigid in unessential particulars, should be avoided, as they defeat their own purpose because unreasonable requirements permitting no variation are practically not fulfilled, and it is impossible to specify grade

Jan 1, 1905

By D. R. Willmer, E. J. Haas

As national and international health and safety management system (HSMS) standards are voluntarily accepted or regulated into practice, organizations are making an effort to modify and integrate strategic elements of a connected management system into their daily risk management practices. In high-risk industries such as mining, that effort takes on added importance. The mining industry has long recognized the importance of a more integrated approach to recognizing and responding to sitespecific risks, encouraging the adoption of a risk-based management framework. Recently, the U.S. National Mining Association led the development of an industry-specific HSMS built on the strategic frameworks of ANSI: Z10, OHSAS 18001, The American Chemistry Council’s Responsible Care, and ILO-OSH 2001. All of these standards provide strategic guidance and focus on how to incorporate a plan-do-check-act cycle into the identification, management and evaluation of worksite risks. This paper details an exploratory study into whether practices associated with executing a risk-based management framework are visible through the actions of an organization’s site-level management of health and safety risks. The results of this study show ways that site-level leaders manage day-to-day risk at their operations that can be characterized according to practices associated with a risk-based management framework. Having tangible operational examples of day-to-day risk management can serve as a starting point for evaluating field-level risk assessment efforts and their alignment to overall company efforts at effective risk mitigation through a HSMS or other processes.

Jan 1, 2016

By W. A. Dixon Edwards

Industrial mineral production in Alberta, worth $468 million in 1997, comes from a dozen types of industrial minerals, mined by about 400 producers. Cement and lime from Paleozoic limestone formations exposed along the Rocky Mountains account for the greatest production value. Sand andgravel is the primary source ofmineral aggregate. Almost two-thirds of this aggregate is consumed in the Edmonton and Calgary regions. Sulphur produced at 48 sour gas processing plants and two oil sands plants was valued at $84.8 million in 1997 and accounted for 80% ofCanadian sulphur production. Four companies solution mine the Elk Point salt beds to produce chlor-alkali chemicals, industrial salt and sodium chlorate. Natural brine is also produced as a dust control product. Al $22 million, peat moss is a major industrial mineral product in Alberta. Other minerals with noteworthy production include shale, stone, silica and ammolite. The commodities with the greatest development potential are diamond, silica and oil sands tailings by-product minerals.

Jan 1, 2001

By P. Kluge

Mining engineers frequently encounter complex design problems for which the critical components of the design are difficult to quantify or compare. Teams of people typically work on these designs and human perceptions and judgments play a strong role. To assist with this process, the analytical hierarchical process (AHP) as a decisionmaking tool is described in this paper. Although the technique is used in many other disciplines, it is currently not widely used in mining engineering in South Africa. To use the AHP process, the problem should be treated as a hierarchy that defines the goal, the alternatives to reach it, and the criteria for evaluation of these alternatives. Pair wise comparisons are conducted on the criteria of the hierarchy to establish priorities. The value of the technique is that it is simple to test for consistency amongst the pair wise comparisons to ensure that the answer obtained is better than that provided by a random selection. To illustrate the technique, the use of a backfill support system in a platinum mining project was investigated. Ten design parameters, which will be impacted by the use of backfill, were identified and weighted according to their relative importance. The result of the AHP evaluation was that the use of a backfill support system should be preferred to a conventional support system at the mine.

Jan 1, 2011

By Hugo Julien

According to OSHA 29 CFR Part 1910.119 (Process safety management of highly hazardous chemicals), Canadian Provincial Safety Standard Acts or Federal laws, the owner of stationary equipment (Boilers, stacks, piping, pressure vessel, etc.) should follow a complete inspection plan and follow an Integrity Operating Windows (IOW’s) adapted for each of them. Some important variables shall be included in the inspection plan such as specific damage mechanisms versus alloy used in the original design, process conditions, etc. Some North American’s standards exist, like the one listed in ASME PTB-2-2009, to help owner to create such inspection program. The new API RP 584, Integrity Operating Windows (IOW’s) can guide Mining & Metals owners to find out their specific IOW’s. Inspection frequencies are often described in the Jurisdiction Safety Acts such as the British Columbia B.C. Reg. 104/2004, etc. but often left in the owner representative responsibility (Bill C-21, federal Act to amend the Canadian Human Rights Act). Every deficiency should be repaired according to recognized Codes such as ASME PCC-2, etc.. If flaws not conforming to the original Code of construction are found, this article will introduce the Fitness-For- Service assessment principles to be able to accept it without any repairs.

Jan 1, 2014

By Zdzislaw Specht

THIS paper discusses elementary laws pertaining to seismic reflection methods and presents a general and simple criterion for determining the direction of dipping of a reflection horizon from observational data of distance and time. The important development of practical geophysics and the successful results obtained in America, Germany, and other countries, caused introduction of geophysical methods of prospecting in Poland. Of all methods, seismic prospecting has proved most successful in the area of the Carpathian foreland, where new oil reserves are to be expected. Because of the great depth of the sedimentary column in that area, rang-ing sometimes over 2000 meters, it was obvious that only the seismic reflection method could give reliable information regarding the structural features of these strata at such a depth. During the experimental surveys it appeared that the complicated geological conditions of that area do not always allow prediction of the depth and the angle of dipping of reflecting horizons, and for that reason information about the inclination of a given horizon has great importance in the determination of subsurface structure. Therefore the problem arises of obtaining from seismic reflection data reliable information as to the direction of dipping of reflecting strata, without any previous knowledge of the average velocity and depth of geologic horizons under consideration.

Jan 1, 1940

By Scott G. Britton

Microcomputeranalysis has long been a technique for engineering professionals to improve the theoretical and practical design of continuous mining systems. Such work has been typically composed of modeling observed events and then introducing a variety of known elements with predicted results to compare against the results of the model. Programs written in BASIC, Cobol, Fortran or other language dominated such efforts. These programs have taken years to develop and prove out. This article explores a new management tool used daily at Tanoma Mining Co. (TMC) to track and improve continuous mining systems through the use of microcomputers and Lotus l-2-3 software. Data provided by section foreman, shift foreman, and maintenance personnel are analyzed against predetermined goals. In this way, new production targets are developed, weaknesses in the current mining systems are identified, and the results of changes are measured. The current results of this system on the productive output of TMC systems is on the order of 10% improvement. Thin seam coal mining is an industry within the broader industry of coal mining. Thin seam mining faces the same cost pressures and engineering problems as its higher-seam competitors without the advantages of moving volume per foot of extracted material to stay at an economic parity with others requires additional creativity within the management teams to extract higher productivity gains from the existing workforce and mining systems. TMC operates a deep mine in Indiana bounty, PA, about one hour northeast of Pittsburgh.

Jan 1, 1991

By Mark S. Sanders

There is a growing awareness among mining professionals that the human factor plays a significant role in safety and productivity. Since the 1960's, the science of human factors, or ergonomics, has been making inroads into the mining industry, and a considerable amount of research has documented human-factor-related mining problems and solutions. This Bureau of Mines report is directed toward summarizing the application of human factors to improving safety, productivity, and the general physical and psychological working conditions of miners. The aim of this report is to familiarize the readers with the role of human factors in the mining industry and the benefits that can accrue by systematically applying available human factors principles and data. The text contains 10 chapters dealing with human, equipment, and environmental factors. Each chapter builds on the previous chapter; therefore, it is recommended that the chapters be read sequentially However, if the report is used as a supplemental text, say in a mining safety course, chapters can be assigned in any order to supplement other readings.

Jan 1, 1988

By J. J. Dekker

Controlling noise has proven difficult in mining, and noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) remains common. In 2008, a South African Mine Health and Safety Council study focused on small- to medium-sized mines in relation to the milestones set by the industry to prevent NIHL. An evaluation of the compliance of ten diamond, sand, aggregate and Ready mix concrete mines and production sites with standards, legislation and best practice guidelines relating to NIHL prevention was conducted, using a noise compliance audit tool. The findings indicated that all mines surveyed had poor compliance with the international standards, compliance with International Standards Organization standards being the poorest. There was a clear distinction between the small and the medium-sized mines in their compliance with local standards and legislation (ranging from 14 per cent to 66 per cent). The areas of best compliance were audiology and medical examinations. The lower-than-expected compliance was largely attributable to shortcomings in hearing conservation programmes for occupational noise. Initiation of remedial practices in the small- to medium-scale mining sector to facilitate improvements in NIHL prevention and compliance with standards and legislation is recommended. Keywords Hearing conservation, small-to-medium mines.

Jan 1, 2011

By H M. Ahmed, W S. Dunbar

Construction of cave mining systems requires significant capital expenditure and long-term commitment of human, equipment and material resources before production commences. Risks and uncertainties of these large-scale mining projects are significantly higher than for small-scale projects. This is due to the complexity and interactions of the construction schedule components and the large scale and uniqueness of such projects. One way to successfully manage construction uncertainties that would lead to schedule delays is to include a reasonable cost contingency in the budget estimation. A real options approach based on the least-squares Monte Carlo (LSM) method is used to estimate cost contingency associated with schedule uncertainty in mass mining projects. Cost contingency is estimated as the cost of potential project crashing (acceleration) decisions, which pays for not extending the schedule. While such a significant undertaking is expected to be subject to some delays, these can have an enormous impact on the economic value of such projects. The value of the crashing option was explicitly formalised into the process of valuation, as it is assumed to be a single option being considered in the valuation at every decision point prior to the construction completion date. As a part of the proposed method, a stochastic function for the percentage of remaining scope of work for the remaining duration of the entire project was integrated into a framework of numerical simulations. This ensured that this function can implicitly account for sources of schedule uncertainties for projects represented by multiple and overlapping work packages. The LSM method was applied to a real case scenario in an operating block cave mine, with modified scale and features. The results yielded by the LSM method indicated that significant changes in capital budget allocation stem from variation in a contractor’s risk perception and confidence level of estimated delays.CITATION:Ahmed, H M and Dunbar, W S, 2016. Budget estimation and contingency allocation of block cave construction using least-squares Monte Carlo real options, in Proceedings Seventh International Conference and Exhibition on Mass Mining (MassMin 2016), pp 801–808 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne).

May 9, 2016

Mr. Murray said: Having recently returned from a visit to America, it may be of interest to members to hear something from me of the mining fields and metallurgical works which I had the opportunity of seeing, and the impressions which I formed concerning general practice and conditions there, as compared with our Australian standards in the mining industry, and in matters generally.The most striking feature of the North American continent is thehuge plan upon which Nature has built, the multiplicity of immense mountains, rivers, and lakes, the snow-covered tops of the former forming reservoirs for the latter during the summer months, being most impressive to the Australian visitor. Starting from Vancouver I travelled east for over 500 miles through the wonderful Canadian...

Jan 1, 1927

Laboratory flotation tests on sized fractions of a certain number of selected minerals with homologous fatty acid derivatives (i.e. sodium salts and amine acetates) confirm that the higher homologues are more efficient collectors than the lower. Tests were carried out on sized material and finer size fractions floated at lower collector concentrations.It is suggested that selective flotation is best achieved with the reagent which most readily floats the most friable mineral in the ore, and that grade of product will be improved with the lowest usable homologue.INTRODUCTIONFlotation of non-sulphide minerals with fatty acids as collectors is usually less selective than the flotation of sulphide minerals with xanthate collectors. It is common to use the gradation in collecting power of homologous series of xanthates, as well as the more specific effects of activators and depressants, to achieve the separation of sulphides.The original aim of the work was to ascertain whether sodium salts of fatty acids (anionic) and fatty amine aceta:tes (cationic) could be selected from a homologous series to achieve better selectivity in separation of nonsulphide minerals by flotation. Subsequently the importance of friability of minerals in selective flotation was observed and the aim was expanded to develop a more practical approach to the testing of ore.MATERIALS USEDMineralsA series of massive mineral specimens, as pure as could be obtained, was procured. The specimens were cleaned by removing extraneous material, and then crushed and dry...

Jan 1, 1965