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By C. W. Hancher, B. D. Patton, W. W. Pitt

"There are a number of nitrate-containing wastewater sources, as concentrated as 30 wt % NO3 and as large as 2000 m3/day, in the nuclear fuel cycle. The biological reduction of nitrate in waste water to gaseous nitrogen, accompanied by the oxidation of a nutrient carbon source to gaseous carbon dioxide, is an ecologically sound and cost-effective method of nitrate waste disposal. These nitrate-containing wastewater sources can be successfully biologically denitrified to meet discharge standards in the range of 10 to 20 g N(NO3-)/m3 by the use of a fluidized bed bioreactor. The denitrification bacteria are a mixed culture derived from garden soil; the major strain is Pseudomonas. In the fluidized-bed bioreactor, the bacteria are allowed to attach to 0.25- to 0.50-mm-diam. coal fluidization particles, which are then fluidized by the upward flow of influent wastewater. Maintaining the bacteria-to-coal weight ratio at approximately 1:10 results in a bioreactor bacteria loading of greater than 20,000 g/m3,This paper describes the results of a bio denitrification R&D program based on the use of fluidized bioreactors capable of operating at nitrate levels of up to 7000 g/m3 and achieving denitrification rates as high as 80 g N(N03-) per day per litre of empty bioreactor volume. IntroductionThe discharge of wastewater containing nitrate at concentrations greater than stipulated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) creates an environmental hazard and constitutes a civil and/ or criminal legal liability.(I.2) At present, we have three options: (1) recycle and reuse of nitrate streams the total economic and technical balance should be Closely examined; (2) use of an alternative acid, which may pose an entirely different set of problems ; or (3) disposal of nonreusable nitrate sources by an environmentally acceptable procedure."

Jan 1, 1980

By M. Jackman

"Froth stability is critically important for an effective separation of fine and ultrafine particles using column flotation. While a desirable froth stability is required to facilitate the drainage of entrained gangue particles for secondary cleaning, excessively stable froths could create problems in separation efficiency and down-stream processing. In this work, we demonstrate that a stable foam was produced using a poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) solution at the temperatures below the critical solution temperature. In contrast, very little foam was produced at the temperature above the critical solution temperature (~32 oC) of PNIPAM. We can also tune the foam stability by changing the temperature of wash water. When warm water of temperature of 50 oC was applied, the foam collapsed and diminished. This is probably attributed to the switching of PNIPAM molecules from coiled to a globule conformation as the temperature is increased. Our results indicate that the foamability and foam stability can be tuned by tempartureresponsive PNIPAM. This is the first time that thermo-responsive PNIPAM has been shown to have potential as a modifier of froth stability in column flotation.INTRODUCTIONIn mineral processing, column flotation has become a more prevalent process in the separation of fine mineral particles (typically < 100µm). Traditional flotation cells are sometimes less efficient in selective separation of ultra-fine particles (Kohmuench et al., 2009). The efficiency of flotation columns is dependent on the froth stability at the top of the cell to drain the unwanted gangue particles entrained in the froth. The greater froth height in flotation columns, compared to mechanical flotation cells, gives a longer froth residence time, allowing more of the drainage process to take place before the froth reports to the launderer. Secondary cleaning, by applying a wash water shower to the froth, enhances drainage of gangue particles entrained in the froth, and improves the recovery of the targeted minerals (Finch et al., 2007).While a stable froth is desirable to facilitate drainage of entrained gangue particles, greater amounts of fine particles have been found to contribute to excessively stable froths which could create problems for down-stream processes (Bethell et al., 2012). Operators have tried spraying additional wash water on the froth, and reducing frother dosage to destabilize the froth and to prevent backup at the launderer. The former is sometimes inefficient, and the latter results in unacceptable recovery loss. Currently, the best practice is often the installation of larger froth launderers, adding expensive defoaming agents, and/or using deaeration tanks (Bethell & Luttrell, 2005)."

Jan 1, 2016

By D. Djokic

One of the most attractive features of electron beam curing as a process for manufacturing composite structures is the potential for attaining very low levels of residual stress as compared to thermal curing. This residual stress reduction is important both for the potential to reduce composite failure strains at low operating temperatures and the associated reduction in process-induced deformation. Previous work has demonstrated that it is possible in some cases to significantly reduce residual stress development during irradiation and also avoid development of additional residual stress during post cure. In this paper, simple L-shaped composite laminates were used to study the development of residual stress and deformation during thermal post-cure of specimens that were already partially cured using different radiation doses. Following post-cure, these specimens were also subjected to high-temperature loads to study creep behaviour under service conditions. Aerospace

Jan 1, 2006

By H. B. Gillis

THE following pages c9ntain a brief description of the processes involved in the manufacture of silica brick at the Sydney plant of the Dominion Steel & Coal Corporation. Silica brick manufacture was commenced at Sydney in 1918, for the purpose of supplying the requirements of the steel plant, where about three million silica bricks were used annually. Previous to that date, all silica refractories were brought to Sydney from American sources and were subject to a freight cost of nine dollars per ton, or about twenty-seven dollars per thousand. As a preliminary step to manufacture, a thorough investigation of all possible sources of silica in the vicinity of Sydney was carried on during 1916 and 1917. ?Eighteen separate deposits were examined. Of this number, only four were found suitable for brick making, and the Leitches Creek silica, being the nearest of these four deposits to Sydney, was selected as the raw material for the proposed plant. CRYSTAL MODIFICATIONS OF SILICA A brief review of the silica minerals may serve to indicate why careful investigation of sources of supply is necessary before actual brick-making is attempted. The crystal modifications of silica, i.e., quartz, tridymite, and cristobalite, all possessing alpha and beta phases, play a most important part in determining the suitability or otherwise of the resulting brick. By heat treatment, any one of these forms of silica may be converted to either of the others. The inversion temperatures (after Fenner) in degrees Centigrade are shown on rage 160.

Jan 1, 1938

By Jean-Pierre Birat, François Hanrot, Gérard Danloy

Global warming presents an enormous challenge to the steel industry, which is both carbon-intensive and energy efficient. Lean production can provide some short-term emission mitigation, at the level of the Kyoto requirements. In the middle term, more use of scrap will also help alleviate emissions. But to reach much larger reductions in GHG emissions, on a par with the likely targets that will be set after the Kyoto period, the steel industry will have to imagine new production paradigms, which constitutes its most formidable challenge for the years to come. Carbon capture and sequestration, processes leaner in carbon use, electricity and hydrogen from green sources will have to be added together in a patchwork of process routes, which will have to be developed at great risk in the next decade, hopefully through broad international cooperation.

Jan 1, 2004

By J. Walenzyk

This report investigates the limited use of super large backhoes in surface mines around the world. The demand for super large (> 700 t) hydraulic excavators is rising and most of the machines are sold as front shovel (FS) application. Despite advantages in faster cycle times super large backhoe (BH) machines are a minority (ca. 1% of the total machine population). This investigation is based upon the comparison between the volumes available to the BH and FS in one block and before the machine needs to move. The working conditions are created with standard parameters as given by Original Equipment Manufacturers of hydraulic excavators regarding bench height, angle, and material density. The travel amount of both machine types is derived from these volumes and compared. Furthermore, the travel amount of super large BHs is compared to the travel amount of smaller mining BHs and evaluated based on attachment length and bucket size. The calculations conclude that the volume of material recoverable in a single spot is about 75% higher for FSs. This leads to an increased travel for BHs. The combination of both the increased appearance of electrical driven machines (in the class of > 700 t excavators) and the travel amount lead to a high risk of damaging the cable or the excavator. Enlarged wear on the travelling parts is also attended by the higher travelling. A direct comparison of commonly found working set ups shows that the ratio between volumes is 32% which leads to an increased travel amount. In comparison with a 250 t BH, the calculation shows that the smaller BH is able to reach nearly 50% of the volume of the super large BHs. The main reason for this is the respectively high reach on smaller machines which, combined with other factors, leads to a significantly higher number of BHs in lighter classes.

Aug 1, 2013

By P. C. Garg

"IntroductionThe Central Mine Planning and Design Institute (CMPDI) of India, started planning the extraction of thick seams highly susceptible to heating in 1977by the French method of sub-level caving and/or multi-slicing. Nitrogen flushing was proposed for inhibition of heating by the author in one such project - the Kotadih colliery.Inhibition of heating was unheard of in the Indian coal industry before 1977-78. The usual practice was to seal off a district or a part of the mine or the entire mine when spontaneous heating occurred. With very little equipment in a normal bord and pillar district and a low production rate, the financial loss in capital assets and in production did not warrant any serious thought for inhibition of spontaneous combustion. With the planned advent of longwall mining, particularly sub-level caving, with heavy capital investment as well as high production potential, the sealing of a longwall face due to spontaneous heating could not be considered an appropriate solution.Principle of Inhibition of SpontaneousCombustionFrench engineers have established that a fire will not break out when oxygen is 15% or lower in the general body of the air. However, once a fire starts, the percentage of oxygen has to be reduced to 2% - 4% to extinguish it. It is this principle which has been used at Blanzy Coalfield in France to inhibit heating and it is claimed that this has retrieved the integral sub level method of mining. Nitrogen infusion has been used in Frence since 1978 to keep the oxygen content below 14% in the goaf."

Jan 1, 1987

"During the development of a mining project, samples are taken for metallurgical tests. The sample can be a composite sample made of material from a selection of various drilling products or a sample from a mining test. It can be also a sample from an existing plant in order to investigate process enhancement. This sample can represent several tonnes of material which are analysed and split for use in various tests.In the current case, a composite sample of gold ore is dedicated to a Gravity Recoverable Gold (GRG) test. The properties of interest are the head grade of gold, the size distribution of the material, and the gold assay per size class. The sample is mixed and a sub-sample is taken to measure the feed properties: the size distribution and the gold assay per size class. The remaining material of the sample is subject to the first stage of concentration using the laboratory Knelson concentrator. The concentrate is analysed in its entirety, while a sample of tailings is taken for the same analysis. The remaining part of tailings is subject to grinding to feed the second and third stages of concentration. Similar sampling is performed at each stage.The concentration performances are analysed in light of these measurements. But what is the accuracy of the measurements of the properties? Pierre Gy’s theory of sampling, associated with a heterogeneity model built using the GRG test results, will answer this question. The current paper presents, through a real example, the calculation of the errors of the measurements of size distributions and gold assays performed during the GRG test. The uncertainties of the concentration performances and liberation size estimate are then calculated and their impact on the results interpretation is analysed.INTRODUCTIONDuring the development of a mining project, samples are taken for metallurgical tests. The sample can be a composite sample made of material from a selection of various drilling products or a sample from a mining test. It can be also a sample from an existing plant in order to investigate process enhancement. This sample can represent several tonnes of material which are analysed and split for use in various tests. In order to take into account the ore variability in terms of gold deportment, it is recommended to perform variability studies (Dominy, Murphy, & Gray, 2011, Dominy, 2013) using samples representing various horizons or years of production. But for a given ore type, it can be necessary to perform many tests with different operating conditions (Brochot, 2012a). In that case, the variability of the samples is not due to the heterogeneity of distribution of the deposit, but only on the heterogeneity of constitution of the primary sample. The level of confidence associated with the estimated performance parameters is directly linked to the overall error (including sampling error) of the measurements performed during the tests."

Jan 1, 2016

By L. I. Kiss, S. Perron, S. Poncsák, A. Perron

Aluminium industry has an increasing interest in the diminution of the energy consumption of the Hall-Heroult process by the reduction of the anode bottom covering with gas. Electrically isolating carbon-dioxide bubbles, produced at the anode, increase the ohmic resistance of the cell. As the gas production rate is determined by the applied current density, anode covering can be decreased only by a faster evacuation of the gas from the inter-electrode space. Among others, the inclination and curvature of the anode bottom promotes the release of the bubbles and thus decreases the mean value of the covering. Indeed, anode, insert in the molten cryolite bath has a square shape with horizontal bottom. However, inhomogeneous anode consumption, electro-erosion, bath circulation and the inclination of the bath-metal interface modify this shape gradually during electrolysis. Anode bottoms become inclined with rounded comers. This concentrates the gas generation to the center zone of the anode. As the bubble layer cannot be observed directly because of the hostile environment and the opacity of the bath, real scale air-water systems are used to study the impact of the anode geometry on the anode covering and the bubble induced flow. However, the physical properties of such a system are different than that we can found in the real cells. A simulator using the Lagrangian description of the bubble layer has been built and presented in earlier papers. This tool was used to investigate the effect of the anode inclination on gas covering and bath velocity, for both C02-cryolite and air-water system. Results obtained for the second system were compared to experimental data .

Jan 1, 2006

By J. W. Cox, W S. Jones, A E. Chase

For a long time the Oil Industry has been looking for a logging tool which can determine the quality of the cement job behind casing. Older methods such as Temperature Surveys and Radioactivity Surveys might detect the presence of cement behind the casing, but short of production tests, it was impossible to tell that the producing zones were adequately sealed off from adjacent zones. A new logging method, which is called the •Cement Bond Log, operates on the principle that a sonic pulse transmitted by the casing is greatly attenuated when the casing is strongly bonded to an outer annulus such as cement. The down-hole tool consists of a source of sonic energy which is detected by a receiver situated a few feet away from the source. The amplitude of the detected energy is measured and the resulting signal transmitted to the surface where it is recorded versus depth. Amplitude is a function of attenuation and thus the log is readily interpreted.

Jan 1, 1961

By Xiaoxing Hu, Guibing Zheng, Yangge Zhu, Xingrong Zhang

"In China, more than 90 percent of titanium resources are reserved in vanadic titano-magnetite deposits. In this type of ore, the same elements such as Ti, Fe, Ca, Mg exist on surface of both ilmenite and titanaugite (the gangue mineral) because of isomorphism, which makes selective flotation difficult. Therefore, how to enlarge the floatability difference between these two minerals has always been a research emphasis and still needs to be studied further. In this paper, the pre-treatment methods using ultrasonic wave were proposed. The results indicate that ultrasonic treatment shows beneficial effect to enlarge the floatability difference, and the effect will be strengthened by extending the ultrasonic treatment time or increasing the ultrasonic power. The mechanism was investigated through infrared spectroscopic (FT-IR) analysis. Collector interacts with Ca and Mg which results in titanaugite flotation, after ultrasonic treatment, the dissolution of Ca and Mg is intensified, which leads to the lack of active points on mineral surface, so the floatability of titanaugite is depressed. Meanwhile, collector mainly interacts with Fe which results in ilmenite flotation, and the present of ultrasonic might promote its oxidation (Fe2+ to Fe3+), so the floatability of ilmenite after sonication is increased.INTRODUCTIONUltrasonic is the sound wave with frequency of 2 × 10-4 Hz~2 × 10-9Hz. Since the first International Symposium of Sonochemistry in 1986, the application of ultrasonic wave is more and more extensive. In researches about mining and metallurgy, various investigators have shown that intensive acoustic fields can modify the state of a mineral, leading to chemical or dispersive effects. Generally, the effect of ultrasonic vibration depends upon the nature of the mineral and also the way ultrasonic wave is applied (Celik, 1989; Ozkan, 2002). In addition, ultrasonic treatment usually plays roles of removal of reagents adsorbed layer from minerals and emulsification of flotation reagents when it is used in flotation (Nicol, Engel, & Teh, 1986; Slaczka, 1987; Djendova & Mehandj, 1992; Farmer, Collings, & Jameson, 2000; Gurpinar, Sonmez, & Bozkurt, 2004)."

Jan 1, 2016

By Douglas H. Silvey

"The historical transformations in fire -resistant conveyor belt compositions in the past 20 years have been influenced by factors of material cost, changing flame and burn test requirements, material replacements, adhesion and oil resistance considerations, increased responsibility and legal liability. Specifically, this has resulted in a swing from neoprene-cotton belts to S.B.R. blends and synthetic fibre carcasses, and tighter quality control and documentation of test data.Flame dynamics are discussed and the function and performance of the multiple types of flame-resistant additives in the flame front are presented. Specific flame and burn test requirements are described. The belt manufacturers&apos; requirements and criteria in selecting the types of flame-resistant additives are presented.The author will describe the composition of the types of flame-resistant compounds used in a practical production, the belts that are available on today&apos;s mark et and future developments in requirements that may further transform the composition of fire-resistant belts.IntroductionThe historical transformations of conveyor belt compositions in the past two decades have been based on factors common to those leading to changes in man y organic compositional products. These factors are material cost, new materials, the customer&apos; s changing requirements, government regulation s and increased manufacturer&apos; s liability.As a basis for understanding the product, I will provide a brief breakdown of the conveyor belt composite. Figure 1 represents a cross section of a typical belt. A skim rubber coats each fabric ply of the belt carcass and is of a different rubber composition than the outside layer of rubber which forms the cover. This outside cover layer is designed to protect the belt from environmental factors such as heat, oil and abrasion, and other factors involved in the service condition s under which the belt will operate. In the case of fire-retardant belt s, both the skim coat encapsulating the fabric plies and the outer cover must contain sufficient fire retardancy to overcome the contribution to burning of the decomosition products of the fabric."

Jan 1, 1982

By T. -W. Hong, Y. Son, S. -J. Hong, D. Choi

The characteristics of indium-tin-oxide (ITO) nanoparticles recovered from TFT-LCD panel scraps were investigated. The ITO was separated from TFT-LCD panel scraps by dissolving the color filter layer located between the ITO layer and the glass substrate. The solution was filtered to separate the ITO from the color filter component, and the filtered ITO was dissolved in the acid solution. ITO nanoparticles were then precipitated with ammonium hydroxide and organic dispersing agent, followed by heat-treatment at 600 °C. HRTEM, EDX and XRD analyses revealed that the 20 nm sized particle were composed of 90 % In and 10 % Sn, and were well crystallized to in the (222) preferred orientation.

Jan 1, 2014

By F. Charette

The paper reviews the requirements of the instrumentation required to monitor mining excavations in a high stress environment, and the development plan to instrument the D-Bolt in such a fashion as to be able to follow the behaviour of the bolts in relationship to the ground movements and support performance. Recent field observations of D-Bolts under static and dynamic conditions are also presented. Also discussed is the assumed mechanical behaviour of the D-Bolt. D-Bolts are used in two (2) Canadian underground mines operating in high stress environments and tested in three (3) other operations.

Jun 1, 2012

By J. E. Udd, L. B. Geller

"Responding to requests by the Canadian mining industry and the mine regulatory authorities, the Canada Centre for Mineral and Energy Technology (CANMET) undertook a major research project on evaluation of wire rope testing in 1986. The objectives were to document, analyze, and clarify - in basic operational terms the reasons for ongoing mine shaft wire rope failures that occur despite mandatory non-destructive testing (NDT) with electromagnetic (EM) instruments on a routine basis.The project&apos;s investigative scope and depth was unprecedented. It could not have been successfully completed without the wholehearted cooperation of industry, research organizations, and mine-inspectorates at both national and international levels.The project&apos;s goals were attained. II was shown that, at present, the problem areas in Canada are oj a human , rather than of a hardware-related nature. Consequently, the principal recommendations are concerned with a more widespread, more uniform and thorough operator training and certification process at industrial and regulatory levels. Secondary suggestions concern areas of hardware-related improvements.In this paper an up-to-date general overview is given of the major project results. A n extensive reference list is also provided of papers that contain all relevant documentation in detail."

Jan 1, 1992

By W. J. D. Stone

Discussions with people knowledgeable in the insulating material field revealed that materials on the market would be considerably improved if there was a greater meeting of certain very desirable criteria. Such criteria include: (1) the material should not burn, even at higher temperatures; (2) at an elevated temperature, the material should not give off toxic gases or produce smoke; (3) the material should have a low energy input; and (4) vermin would find the material unattractive. Theoretical discussions led to the conclusion that an insulating material made by foaming a mineral, preferably of a platy nature, with an inorganic binding system that could be converted to a rigid structure at low temperature would likely meet all the above requirements. It was also theorized that the use of microwaves in the converting stage would be beneficial in the creation of a cellular structure by aiding the foamer through creating vacules of steam. Talc was selected as readily meeting the theoretical mineral requirement and the material of Baker Talc Limited was used as the basic filler. The early results obtained led to an agreement between Americ Mines Limited and Baker Talc Limited pertaining to commercial production in a specific geographic area. It was recognized that due to the economics of shipping, the availability of the basic filler material should be geographically widely spread. Samples of materials were requested and many received from all over North America and one from Britain. Enough work has been done to show that they respond to the basic process in a similar manner as the Baker Talc material. From the data acquired, it is considered that the process is applicable for the production of loose fill insulation, moulded insulation for pipes and structural steel, ceiling tile, batts, sheet and for incorporation into other products such as various roofing board materials. Sufficient development has been done to enable a budget to be prepared for the construction and operation of a loose fill insulation plant.

Jan 1, 1979

By S. M. Moon

Today, underground exploration is spotlighted as an infinitely developable area. For this purpose, many tunneling technologies were created. And until this very day, many techniques are being developed for more efficient underground movement. Although previous technologies have been developed and now being used in various forms like TMB, struck propulsion method and hydraulic propulsion method, it is hard to find a robot type exploring in small scale. But development of small scale underground exploration robot is a promising research subject for its usage in examination of soil, mineral, and subterranean resources, investigation of hazardous regions, and the military. So we developed a robot that can dig and move underground, inspired from the motion of earthworm and mole cricket. Earthworm and mole cricket dig the soil in the front and draw it off backward, so that they can move forward. We developed a mechanism that uses 2 rotating solid of revolution (bits) for pulverizing the firmly united soil in the front and put it inside the body. The bits rotate in the opposite direction of each other. While moving forward, the soil in the front moves along the spiral on the bit and is saved inside the body. The soil saved inside is taken out through an outlet in the back by a ventilation system. The ventilation system on the ground blows through a hosepipe connected to inner part of the robot and the air blows off the soil. The moving mechanism of exploring underground can be classified into 2 parts. One is to fix the blade link on the soil in a form of 4-bar link. The other one is to move forward rotating the whole link. When the blade link system for movement rotates a certain degree, one blade link is fixed, while the other one is folded in. When 2 blade links of different length rotate as it is, different torque is applied on each link. By the law of action and reaction, the link that has larger torque leads the rotation and movement.

Aug 1, 2013

By M. Ghiani, P. Carbini, R. Ciccu, C. Del Fà

"This paper is concerned with the problems inherent in the efficient and economical processing of the fine fractions of a coal from the Sulcis basin (Sardinia, Italy) whose characteristics are typical of low-rank coals occurring in the Mediterranean region. Three different techniques, based upon surface properties, are examined. Flotation can be very efficient from both a technical and economic point of view, provided care is taken in the modulation of the flotation pulp. Interesting results have been obtained with oil agglomeration and this method could be economically feasible. Finally, electrical separation has proven a viable technique, although it entails preliminary drying.Besides discussing the problems encountered in the experimental research, some significant results of general validity are also given. They demonstrate that cleaned products can be obtained with fairly interesting recoveries, thus opening the way to advanced research aimed at setting up the most suitable technique for industrial application. IntroductionAs a result of the oil crisis, which caused a major upset in world energy supplies, the last ten years have seen a revolution in the energy policies adopted.In particular, the status of coal, which seemed destined to decline in view of the availability of liquid fuel, has had to be re-examined. The need to meet energy demands under improved reliability conditions and controlled prices through a broader and more flexible diversification of sources of supply has evoked, especially in highly industrialized countries, a renewed interest in coal. The result has been a consistent increase in demand and production as well as investments in new mines and the reinforcement of the infrastructure.This turn of events has also lead to a re-evaluation of young low-rank coals, hitherto considered uneconomical and thus neglected, because of their low heat value. In fact these coals, which have a high ash content, may also be relatively highly contaminated with sulphur. The above drawbacks, which still today preclude the widespread use of these coals, are bound to create even greater problems in the future as increasingly restrictive environmental control imposes, without exception, recourse to cleaner fuels."

Jan 1, 1986

By Malcolm R. Gent

"The presence in Saskatchewan of sixteen kimberlite pipes of probable late Albian age has been reported. An abundance of aeromagnetic anomalies possibly attributable to kimberlite pipes have been identified and it is anticipated that industry has acquired reasonable proof of the presence of more than seventy k imberlite pipes in Saskatchewan. Historical reports of diamonds, the discovery of kimberlite pipes and these aeromagnetic anomalies indicate the Phanerozoic Basin and some parts of the exposed Shield in Saskatchewan have an excellent potential f or the occurrence of economically exploitable diamond deposits. The presence of some igneous minerals found in some salt solution breccias also indicates the probable occurrence of extensive diatreme activity during the Devonian.A Laramide Orogeny-induced crustal hinging or arching of the eastern margin of the Phanerozoic Basin and probably dextral wrenching-induced arching and faulting within the basin are proposed as major factors in the emplacement of Cretaceous or younger kimberlites. Zones of crustal weakness between subcratonic Archean blocks and internal faults are also thought to be significant controlling factors in the location of kimberlites in Saskatchewan.Mapped aeromagnetic anomalies interpreted as being possibly due to kimberlite pipes generally tend to be concentrated in, areas underlain by a basement of or with components of Archean age. Within Saskatchewan, these anomalies occur within the probable Trans-Hudson Orogen zone; the Rae-Hearn Craton margin; and the northeast flank of the Elkpoint Basin. Recognized areas of potential f or kimberlite emplacement are the Phanerozoic basin margin, the western limit of the Superior Province adjoining the Churchill Province, and a swath approximately 150m wide along the northeast-southwest trending Shaunavon linear and other areas of inner basin arching."

Jan 1, 1992

By E. Contestabile, T. R. Craig

"This report describes the development and effective use of shaped charges as part of the Elliot Lake Mine Roof Stability Project to remotely remove the heads from roof bolts. With a slight modification, these same shaped charges are being recommended f or use to the Brunswick Mining and Smelting Corporation Limited (Mining Division), to cut steel cable bolts.IntroductionThe Canadian Explosives Research Laboratory (CERL) often receives requests to cooperate in solving problems encountered in private industry or other sectors of the government. CERL is equipped to design and test explosive and pyrotechnic devices and the policy is to treat each case individually.The first case reported evolved from a request from a sister laboratory at Elliot Lake. The intent was to remotely remove the head s of roof bolts as part of a mine roof stability project. The device designed for this use was 1000,70 effective in the laboratory and 80% effective in the mine.The second case reported results from a request from a private mining company knowledgeable of the Elliot Lake Project. Their requirement was to remotely cut cable bolts. This request was first treated as presenting a new problem. The solution, however, proved to be very similar to the former."

Jan 1, 1985