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By John D. Erickson, Thomas R. Carlson, Milton T. Pana, Daniel T. O’Brian

Computer use in mine planning has evolved from theory to practical application at the Bingham mine of Kennecott Copper Corp.’s Utah Copper Division. Traditional mine planning methods have been combined with computer technology to produce a more realistic calculation of ore reserves and mining plans. The techniques used are not revolutionary but are an expansion of previous mine planning methods using the calculating power of the computer. These methods can readily be adapted for planning use by practical mining men.

Jan 5, 1966

By S. N. Sharma, William Davis

Because of diminishing energy resources and rising energy costs, every industry is forced to carefully examine its pattern of energy consumption. The copper industry is no exception; current smelting practice begs for technological innovations that would improve the efficiency of its energy utilization. The thermochemical simplicity of copper metal production, as shown in Fig. 1, is deceptive. Designed from the same basic principles, there are four major commercial processes either in use or under construction; and others, such as the Mitsubishi process, are being developed.

Jan 5, 1977

By J. J. McKetta, O. L. Culberson

A preliminary investigation was made to determine the time required to attain equilibrium within the equilibrium cell for this system. Experimental and smoothed data are presented for the solubility of ethane in water for temperatures of 100°, 160°, 220°, 280" and 340 °F at pressures to 10.000 psia. The minimum solubility phenomenon disappears at 10,000 psia within this temperature range. INTRODUCTION .is a continuation of the investigation of the behavior of hydrocarbon-water systems, the experimental data on the solubility of ethane in water have been extended to 10,000 psia. The experimental apparatus, technique, materials, and analytical methods are essentially the same as previously reported.' TIME-CONCENTRATION STUDY Prior to the initial determinations of solubility in the ethane-water system. it was desired to establish the time

Jan 1, 1950

New York Meets first Wednesday after first Tuesday of each month. DAVID 11. BROWNE, Chairman. JOHN H. JANEWAY, Vice-Chairman. F. E. PIERCE, Secretary, 35 Nassau St., New York, N. Y. P. A. MOSMAN, Treasurer. LEWIS W. FRANCIS. BENJAMIN B. LAWRENCE. Boston Meets first Monday of each winter month. HENRY L. SMYTH, Chairman. ALFRED C. LANE, Vice-Chairman. HENRY A. WENTWORTH, Secretary-Treasurer, 60 India St., Boston, Mass. A. H. EUSTIS, F. G. STANTIAL. Columbia Holds four sessions during year. Annual meeting in September or October. STANLY A. EASTON, Chairman. FREDERIC KEFFER, Vice-Chairman. LYNDON K. ARMSTRONG, Secretary-Treasurer, P. O. Drawer 2154, Spokane. Wash. D. C. LIVINGSTON. FRANK A. ROSS.

Jan 4, 1916

By L. Mair

A STUDY by J. R. Low, Jr.1 on the effect of quench aging on the Charpy-impact specimens of semikilled 1020 steel disclosed that a decrease in cooling rate from 1275°F raised the transition temperature. This was demonstrated in his investigation by controlling the cooling rate of impact specimens to duplicate that of a heavier plate and com- paring the properties with air-cooled specimens and quenched specimens. The transition temperature of the samples that had been cooled at a rate estimated to be similar to that of an air-cooled 3/4 in. plate was approximately 45ºF higher than the quenched samples. The transition temperature of the air-cooled series was between that of the slow-cooled and the quenched series. On the basis of this work, it appeared that the cooling rate of plates after rolling in a hot mill would have a bearing on the brittle fracture of the

Jan 1, 1955

Upon nomination of the President, _the following Committee on Membership was appointed: Karl Eilers, Chairman, Arthur. S. Dwight, Lewis W. Francis, Louis D. Huntoon, Arthur L. Walker. The following resolution was then unanimously passed: WHEREAS, the integrity and life of this nation is dependent upon its ability to successfully defend itself against foreign aggression and attack, and WHEREAS, it is necessary that the nation he properly prepared to the end that our untrained patriotic volunteers he not uselessly slaughtered and our country disgraced and defeated, be it therefore RESOLVED: That the Board of Directors of the American Institute of Mining Engineers believe that compulsory universal military training should be at once instituted and that adequate, complete and immediate preparedness, should he provided. BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED: That, we believe that thorough and complete preparedness in the army, the navy and the industries of the country is vital; anything less is unsatisfactory and inefficient and may result in disaster to the nation.

Jan 5, 1917

CHARLES H. FULTON (author's reply to discussion*).-Mr. E. E. Thum is kind enough to point out an apparent discrepancy between the conclusions drawn from experiments and the results of those experiments. It is stated on page 1383 that carbon dioxide in excess of 1 per cent. is not found in the gases above the carbon reduction temperature (of zinc oxide). This statement refers to such temperatures as occur in ordinary zinc distillation and is not meant to include temperatures above 1350° C., and it should have been so stated in the original paper. When the temperature of the distilling chamber reached 1400° and above, it was noted that the amount of carbon dioxide in the gases increased. This cannot be explained by the equilibrium of the reaction 2CO?CO2 + C, and in seeking reasons for the discrepancy, the experiments of Meyer

Jan 1, 1919

By John A. Ames

AMERICAN pioneers first discovered "commercial" salt in western New York State. Geologists gave the classically correct name of Salina to the salt bearing strata of New York. Rock salt occurs in rocks of approximately the same age and stratigraphic position as New York's Salina "group", to the south and southwest, in western Pennsylvania, eastern Ohio and northwestern West Virginia. Sodium chloride and associated salts occur in brines throughout much of the same area as the rock salt. Brines also are found in areas well beyond the margins of that under which the rock salt lies, especially to the west in Ohio and to the south in West Virginia. The occurrence of the brines in the same area as the rock salt is almost always coincidental rather than indicative of a physical association.

Jan 5, 1950

By M. A. Hunter

CHAIRMAN M. A. HUNTER. UP to this time our stress-corrosion sessions have been concerned with stress-corrosion cracking in brass. In the succeeding sessions a variety of other products which are susceptible to stress-corrosion cracking are to be considered and this afternoon's session is to be devoted to stress-corrosion cracking in light metals. The problems you have had to deal with up to now in brass have been very simple ones. From this time on the complexities become greater. You have already learned in the preceding sessions, that copper is not susceptible to stress-corrosion cracking and when you begin to alloy it with 3 per cent or larger proportions of zinc, then stress- corrosion cracking ensues. You apparently have few complications in the copper alloys you make. There is apparently no precipitation on the grain boundaries in the brass, and no precipitation within the metal itself. So, on the whole, the problem is a simple one. Yet it has been with the brass people for a very long time and it is apparently not yet settled from the fact

Jan 1, 1945

By Alfred E. Hunt

Professor EGGERTZ first published a method based upon the fact that, when steel is dissolved in dilute nitric acid, and heated until the separated flocculent carbonaceous matter goes into the solution, the liquid assomed a brown color proportionate in intensity to the amount of the combined carbon in the steel. This method has been so variously modified that at present but few chemists use exactly the same procedure. It is the object of this paper to present

Jan 1, 1884

By Persifor Frazer

IN his “Final Report," Vol. II, part second, p. 763, Prof. Rogers sums up the metalliferous veins of the mesozoic sandstone by remarking that these are not associated with dykes or trap-rock, but are independent metalliferous injections. But singularly enough, in enumerating the different kinds of ores, no mention is made of

Jan 1, 1877

By J. Van Oirbeek

The ash-fusion gas producer, blown with air preheated to a high temperature, was perfected by the Société des Houilléres de Saint-Etienne during the years 1920 to 1925, for the treatment of a mixture of ashy fuel and limestone. The temperature, about 1800° C., obtained by using hot air in running the producer, ensures the fusion of all the slag and the transformation into carbon monoxide of every particle of carbon contained in the materials treated.

Jan 1, 1937

By M. Lastra, A. Cruz, J. Menacho

The use of phosphates was studied as a way of purifying acidic copper leach solutions for direct electrowinning. The addition of 2.5 gpl phosphorus to plant solutions originally containing 6.25 gpl Fe (III) at pH 2 0 reduced the iron concentration by one half. Under identical conditions, but without phosphorous additions, the iron concentration was reduced by less than 1 gpl. Any residual phosphorous had no undesirable impact on electrowinning. The concentration ratio of Fe (III) to phosphorous which provides maximum iron elimination was determined. Higher ratios bring about a redissolution of the iron precipitate. Several ways of controlling iron with phosphates are discussed. These take advantages of more rapid and complete iron precipitation at lower pH levels.

Jan 1, 1980

By William Kent

In the paper by Mr. Fernom, on Red Charcoal, read at the first session of this meeting, it was suggested that this fuel might be used in the blast furnace with greater economy than ordinary or black charcoal. In the discussion which followed the paper, it was stated that the charcoal furnaces of the Lake Superior District have used imperfectly burned charcoal with success, and that these furnaces have given the best results in fuel economy on record. On consulting some of our well-known metallurgical authorities the writer finds that the question of the use of red charcoal, or other imperfectly burned charcoal, or charred wood, is not at all new. In Percy's late work on Fuel, pages 409-414, are given a few facts, which are here condensed, as follows:

Jan 1, 1879

George Ellery Hale, Director of the Mount Wilson Observatory and Foreign Secretary of the National Academy of Sciences, who has been for the last ten years a Correspondent of the Academie des Sciences, Institut de France, has received the unusual honor of election as Associe Etranger, taking the place of Adolph von Baeyer, declared vacant by the Academy. The Foreign Associates are limited to twelve, and the high distinction has been held by only two Americans-Simon Newcomb and Alexander Agassiz. The National Research Council upon the presentation and acceptance of. Dr. Hale's resignation as its Chairman and the election of James R. Angell as his successor, created and bestowed in perpetuity upon Dr. Hale the title of Honorary Chairman in recognition of his services to the National Research Council and to Science and Research by indefatigable efforts that have contributed so largely to the organization of science for the assistance of the Government during the war, and the augmentation of the resources of the United States through the newly intensive cultivation of research in the reconstruction and peace periods that follow.

Jan 8, 1919

By R. W. Smith

A study has been made of the crushing and grinding circuits by the Portland Cement Association in nine cement plants. Five of the plants used the wet process and four, the dry method. Both raw and clinker grinding were studied in the four dry processing plants. The raw materials used varied considerably from plant to plant. Actual power consumption data were obtained for the majority of the grinding mills in these plants. Previously representative raw and clinker samples had been obtained from the nine plants, and Bond1 and Hardgrove2 grindability tests were run on these samples. All pertinent data concerning the grinding mills, such as mill size and speed, ball charge size and weight, size distribution of feed, and discharge materials were also obtained. Thus it became possible to calculate the actual horsepower used by the various mills, and to compare this figure to the theoretical horsepower as calculated by several different methods.

Jan 4, 1961

By Richard P. Rothwell

The ores treated by the Canada Consolidated Gold Mining Company at Deloro, Ontario, have been described in a paper read before the Institute in 1881. They are gold-bearing arsenical sulphurets of iron (mispickel), carrying the theoretical proportions of 42 per cent. of arsenic, 20 per cent. of sulphur, and the remainder iron. The gangue is quartz, calc spar, and some talcose, slaty rock, evidently resulting from the decomposition of the wall-rock, which on each side of the veins is syenitic granite. The treatment of the ore consists of: 1. Crushing. 2. Concentrating.

Jan 1, 1883

AARONS, J. BOYD; Major. AGNEW, FRANK VANS. ALLEN, HERMAN H., Private, D Co., 8th Reserve Engineers. AMBLER, HARRY A., Second Training Camp,, Ft. Sheridan, Ill. BAINS, THOMAS M., JR., Major, Engineer Officers' Reserve Corps. BANKS, H. R., Lieutenant, Canadian Engineers, B. E. F. BARBOUR, PERCY E., Deputy' Supt. (Captain), New York State Troopers; Captain, 22d Regiment, N. Y. N. G. BARLING, H. B., 1st Lieutenant, Engineer Officers' Reserve Corps. BARRETT, LESLIE P., Lieutenant, A. E. F., France. (Unattached.) BENSEL, J. A., Major, Engineers' Reserve Corps. BIGELOW, BRAXTON, Royal Engineers, B. E. F. BLOOMFIELD, E. C., Lieutenant. BORROW, F. K. BOWLES, MARTIN F., 2d Lieutenant of Infantry, Camp Funston, Kans.

Jan 11, 1917

By K. W. Grubaugh, L. W. Saperstein

The recently enacted federal surface mine law (P. L. 95-87) increases further the complexity of securing a reclamation permit This law intensifies the need to present the required reclamation plan in a thorough and comprehensive manner. One plan format, that used in construction performance contracts, offers promise of filling this need. Reasons for using the format of expressed, bilateral, negotiated contracts common to the construction industry, and the salient aspects of an application which uses this format are reviewed. Advantages of this procedure are seen to be improved mine planning, awareness of the total design job, potential for improved speed of permit acceptance, and improved cost control.

Jan 1, 1981

By Joseph L. Mehaffey

A variety of chemicals offered by Armak were evaluated as dewatering aids for aqueous slurries of silica sand, sparsand and feldspar; an established commercial dewatering aid was used as a control. A number of Armak’s potential dewatering aids yielded lower moisture retention values than did the commercial product on all of the mineral samples. In addition to the chemical dewatering evaluations, some of the mechanisms involved in the removal of water from these mineral samples were examined.

Jan 1, 1984