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POSITIONS VACANT (Under this heading will be published notes sent to the Secretary of the Institute by members or other persons.) Assayer and chemist with experience in gold and silver work and refining; used to handling a force of men. Large property in Northern Ontario. Send reference, record of practice, age, married or single, and salary expected. Apply Position 54. Metallurgical chemist wanted, competent to make the following analyses: cupola, gray iron; air:-furnace iron; pig iron of various kinds; coal; coke; sand of all descriptions; materials used in modern foundry practice; steel, and bronzes of all kinds; oils for fuel in Diesel engines and lubricating purposes; materials used in a modern machine shop, in fact, all materials likely to be used in a foundry, machine shop and forge shop. No. 55.

Jan 12, 1915

By B. E. Fernow

In order to ascertain to what extent the mining industry has been dependent upon forest-supplies, for the purpose of a report upon

Jan 1, 1889

A development which could prove significant was the announcement on September 18 by Lone Star Industries, Inc., Greenwich, Conn., that the Snyder process which utilizes shock phenomena to break down ore in seconds, is operational. J. R. Kringel, chairman and president of Lone Star, says this about the process: "This new approach to the comminution of ores not only provides better mineral liberation at lower capital and operating costs, but it also makes a significant contribution toward the more efficient utilization of the country's rapidly depleting mineral reserves." The Snyder process consists of loading the material into a chamber, introducing a compressible working fluid such as steam under 300-500 psi, or as low as 80 psi, and then opening a millisecond-action discharge valve, causing the material to become entrained in the expanding fluid. The mixed fluid moves through a duct toward a discharge zone at near-sonic velocity, and is subject to a variety of extreme shock phenomena which accomplish the desired size reduction and mineral liberation.

Jan 11, 1972

By R. Schutte, L. W. Trevoy

Commercial production of heavy minerals from plant tailing streams is undergoing study by Syncrude Canada Ltd. When tar sand from an open pit mine is processed and upgraded to synthetic crude oil, heavy minerals can be recovered from the extraction circuit and can be upgraded to provide concentrates of zircon and titanium minerals. The titanium minerals concentrate, consisting of a mixture of ilmenite, leucoxene, and rutile, can be utilized as recovered or can be upgraded to synthetic rutile. With the construction of further synthetic crude oil plants in Western Canada a large reserve of heavy minerals will become available for production.

Jan 1, 1983

By R. W. Raymond

AT the Liége meeting of the Iron and Steel Institute of Great Britain, in August, 1873, and also at the Vienna Convention of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers, at the end of August, and at the convention of German geologists, at Wiesbaden, in the first part * Extract from the President's address.

Jan 1, 1874

By William A. Berg

Vegetation on mine wastes was an important topic at the International Symposium on Ecology and Revegetation of Drastically Disturbed Areas held at Pennsylvania State University August 3-16, 1969. This article summarizes the Symposium papers that dealt with the nutritional and physical aspects of plant establishment on mine wastes. Surface Coal Mining Spoils Germany-In toxic spoil banks created by open-cast coal mining, the material was extremely acid and low in nutrients. It sometimes contained toxic quantities of minor elements and also had a water repellency that resulted in little leaching and high erosion. However, applications of calcareous and hygroscopic ash, fertilization and deep mixing (60 cm) have promoted growth on hundreds of acres. Knobe, N., Rhine Inst. Air Pol., Essen.

Jan 1, 1970

By William J. Millard

The Island of Trinidad has much the same geological history as the continent of South America. There are present in this area Cretaceous, Tertiary and Quaternary rocks, which were deposited in a basin covering eastern Venezuela and Trinidad, very much as rocks of the same age were deposited in the Maracaibo Basin in western Venezuela. Along the north coast there are metamorphosed and semimetamorphosed Cretaceous rocks which are found as semicrystalline limestone, schists and quartzites, etc. Both the Cretaceous and Tertiary rocks are petroliferous and are responsible for the production of oil in Trinidad and eastern Venezuela. The geological column in the oil-bearing region of Trinidad is shown below.

Jan 1, 1931

By Reynold Q. Shotts

Nitric acid oxidation rate analyses of three coals, previously studied microscopically by the Bureau of Mines, revealed three components. Relative quantities agree with those found for the four components given by the Bureau and results are consistent with current ideas of coal constitution. Possible multi-component composition for bright coal and a reactivity-rank relation are suggested.

Jan 5, 1953

The Institute is custodian of funds for support of numerous gold medals and prizes and has representatives on boards awarding still others. Details regarding the Institute Awards are given below. The Institute is represented on the boards of the John Fritz Medal, the Hoover Medal, and the Alfred Noble Prize, in conjunction with the three national societies of Civil, Mechanical and Electrical engineers; and, also on the board of the Washington Award, on which the Western Society of Engineers also is represented.

Jan 1, 1940

MOWRY BATES, ? Tulsa, Okla.-In the first part of this paper the author says: "In an unpublished paper on Water Problem in the Augusta Field, S. K. Clark reaches the following conclusions: (1) That the great amount of water present is bottom water, occurring in the Varner sand, the main producing or the 2500-ft. horizon. (2) That the only striking connection between structure and water is in the area of the marked

Jan 4, 1919

By F. W. Bloecher

D ETERMINATION of the surface area of finely divided minerals is of interest to mineral engineers engaged in flotation, comminution, and dewatering studies. In the industrial minerals field, many materials are classified as to fineness according to their specific surface (surface area per unit weight). A method of surface area determination has been tested and used in the Richards Mineral Engineering Laboratories at M.I.T. It involves low temperature krypton adsorption measurements using the technique described by Beebe.1

Jan 3, 1951

By Eugene Guccione

"Instead of just talking to ourselves we should inform the public of the grave problems that beset our profession and our industry." We've all heard and voiced that complaint at SME-AIME meetings; and if we were physicians, lawyers, pretzel retailers, or what-have-you, we'd hear and voice the same complaint at meetings of the American Medical Association, the Bar Association, the American Pretzel Institute, etc. Somehow we are all convinced or at least hope that if we could only, "get our message across to the public" (an extremely difficult and astronomically expensive proposition), everything would suddenly turn for the better. But would it? Hardly.

Jan 2, 1976

By Joseph B. Darby, Paul A. Beck

IN isothermal sections of several ternary systems, the a-phase was found1 to extend in the form of a relatively narrow elongated field, connecting the U-phases that are present in the adjoining binary systems. This was interpreted in accordance with the conception that the U-phase is an electron compound and the ternary U-phase fields were shown in several systems' to extend approximately in the direction of constant average d-shell electron vacancy number per atom. ' However, in the various isothermal sections of the Fe-Cr-Mo system" the ternary a-phase field was

Jan 1, 1958

By K. Osseo-Asare

The thermodynamics of solid-aqueous solution equilibria up to 200°C In the systems Me-NH3 H2 0 (Me=Cu, Ni, Co) are summarized with predominance area diagrams generated with the DIAGRAM computer program. The implications of the diagrams to ammonia hydrometallurgy are discussed.

Jan 1, 1981

By John W. Cabot

In the manufacture by the Bessemer process of soft steel suitable for rolling into fine sheets, tubes and 60 forth, a difficulty is sometimes met with, in the tendency of this kind of metal to rise violently and boil in the moulds while being cast; this results in hollow-topped ingots, and consequently in an undue amount of scrap in the subsequent rolling. It has been noticed that this peculiarity does not pertain to all pig-irons, some grades producing a blown metal which pours quietly, while others, in whatever way the blow may have been conducted, give a metal which rises in the moulds, accompanied by the evolution of large quantities of hydrogen and carbonic oxide gases, and requiring a long time to solidify. This difference in behavior has been some-

Jan 1, 1891

(Under this heading will be published notes sent to the Secretary of the Institute by members or other persons.) Mine and mill accountant for Mexico. Knowledge of Spanish desirable. Salary $150 to $200 gold per month with living quarters. No. 60. Master mechanic familiar with mine and cyanide plant machinery for Mexico; $200 gold per month and living quarters. No. 61. Electro-metallurgist for production of ferro-alloys, salary $200 to $400 depending on experience. No. 62. Man familiar with ferro-tungsten products of electric furnaces to draw up specifications for machine tools, to watch these tools in service and revise specifications accordingly. Salary $150 to $200 per month. No. 63. Engineers under 35 years of age for placer mining work in Belgian Congo; $1,500 to $1,700 plus traveling and living expenses, two years' contract. No. 67.

Jan 2, 1916

By C. A. Stetefeldt

Steam-dRied sulphides, obtained in the lixiviation-process, are now almost exclusively sold to smelters, the old methods of melting (after roasting) in crucibles, or cupelling with lead at the mill, having

Jan 1, 1892

By C. G. Fink, G. L. Putnam

The dissolution of gold by cyanide solutions was studied by determining the time required for the solvents to dissolve gold leaf. Minute traces, even 0.5 ppm, of sulphide ion retard the dissolution of gold, and this behavior cannot be accounted for by the presently accepted hypotheses involving oxygen-depletion or thiocyanate formation. On the other hand, traces of the salts of lead, bismuth, mercury, and thallium considerably accelerate the dissolution. The beneficial effect of lead is dependent upon the pH and cyanide ion concentration of the solution.

Jan 9, 1950

By Jack Fox

Although this is going to appear in the December Issue of &E, it is being written long before the end of the year. December, of course, is the time for a summing up of the year's activities. Perhaps, the best way to begin is to report on what went on at the SME Board of Directors Meeting in St. Louis on October 20. This won't be a chronological report, and I shall take time to comment on some of the items we cover as we go along. You should be encouraged to know that your Directors take their duties seriously. Of the 21 current Directors, 19 were present, and three of the new 1971 Directors came to observe what goes on at an SME Board Meeting.

Jan 1, 1970

William Andrews Clark, former United States senator from Montana, died at his home in New York on March 2, at the age of 86, after a brief illness due to pneumonia. He was the last of the three great Montana mining magnates, Clark, Daly and Heinze. He was born in Connellsville, Pa., on Jan. 8, 1839, and in 1863 arrived in Bannock, Ida., with only five dollars, after a journey of 65 days. On reaching Idaho, he became successively a miner, teamster, machinist, railway builder, mine owner, capitalist and, in his more recent years, philanthropist and art collector.

Jan 1, 1925