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By AIME AIME

T HE 133rd meeting of the A. I. M. E., opening in New York on Feb. 15, promises to be as successful technically and socially as any in the past. The papers submitted for the various technical sessions are unusually excellent and insure something of interest to every group. Tentative programs have already been issued, and a concise resume of the various sessions, arranged chronologically, appears on page 48. Among the many interesting technical sessions arranged, attention is directed to those of the Petroleum Division, embracing the Symposium on Production that has come to be an annual feature, and new ones on refining practice, transportation and economics. The Institute of Metals program is similarly comprehensive. It includes 15 papers, 8 on copper, 4 on aluminum and its alloys, and one each on magnesium, lead, and fatigue of metals. The Coal Committee offers as a leading contribution its report, prepared under the direction of H. N. Eavenson, giving a new analysis of the capacity of the mines and a comparison of coal with other industries. This will be supplemented by a number of other papers of especial interest to operating men, among which are "Data on Use of Loading Machines in Bituminous Mines," by Graham Bright; "Evaluation of Coal," by R. H. Sweetser; "Selection of Coals for the Manufacture of Coke," by H. J. Rose; and "Relation of Origin and State of Carbonization of Coal to Problems of Low Temperature Carbonization," by S. W. Parr. The Iron and Steel Committee has scheduled seven papers, and there will be a special session on open-hearth practice, in which will be presented the first results of the two conferences, held by the sub- committee at Pittsburgh and Cleveland. A symposium on molding sands will be a special feature of the session on non-metallics.

Jan 1, 1926

By Qingming Feng, Bo Huang, Dongbo An, Jinhong Zhang

A study of the application of mine tailings as precast construction materials through alkali activation was carried out, focusing on efficiently activating mine tailings, reducing alkali consumption, decreasing curing time and improving compressive strength. Test results showed that unconfined compressive strength of 40 MPa was achieved. In addition, to elucidate the geopolymerization mechanism of mine tailings, microscopic and spectroscopic techniques including scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM/EDX) analysis, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy were used to investigate the microstructures and elemental and phase compositions of the reaction products. The findings of the present work provide a practical method for applying mine tailings as precast construction materials through alkali activation.

By Jacob Blake, Dan Dwyer, Tulin Fuselier

The recent renovation of Boston City Hall’s Plaza, one of Boston’s premier public meeting spaces, involved heavy construction and grade changes over the country’s two oldest subway tunnels, built in 1898 and 1902. These tunnels presented unique challenges throughout the course of the design and significant logistical issues that had to be carefully managed during the construction process. Despite these challenges, the renovation of the Boston City Hall Plaza has been a major success. This paper aims to explore the successful outcome of the project, highlighting how effective teamwork and collaboration between Owner, Contractor and Engineer played a crucial role in overcoming the challenges faced during the project. The paper also intends to provide insights on how such collaborative efforts can lead to the achievement of a project's goals, despite the hurdles encountered along the way.

Oct 31, 2023

"Geological investigation in the Appalachian region of Canada began more than 150 years ago. The distribution of rock formations, and their ages and regional structure are today reasonably well known in most parts of the region to 1-or 2-mile scale. Most Newfoundland geology is known only to 4-mile scale. About 200 earth scientists carry out research in the region, of whom about 25 per cent are government employees, 50 per cent university staff and graduate students, and 25 per cent industry employees.Increased activity is needed toward both regional analyses and problem studies through the efforts of multi-disciplinary teams. The ultimate objectives of earth science must be the discovery and development of mineral re•-sources and the use and conservation of natural material in the environment, all for the benefit of the local in-habitants. To accomplish this, the scientific community must carry out an array of research projects ranging from the technical products of geological, geophysical and geochemical surveys through to the research products de-signed to renew theories and hypotheses bearing on natural processes. Some scientific sub-objectives are listed.Recommended is the increase and broadening of communication among Appalachian scientists, specifically those resident in the Atlantic Provinces. It is proposed that an Appalachian Division of the Geological Association of Canada be formed to provide a forum for discussion of Appalachian topics. In addition, a committee or council of university, industry and government earth scientists should be formed to examine the state of the science in the region, to identify programs of investigation and individual projects of research, and to recommend methods of approach. If the committee succeeds and the scientific community acts upon the recommendations, the quantity, quality and pertinence of research will increase, and earth science will better serve Appalachian society."

Jan 1, 1970

By M. J. Scoble, H. L. Francis, D. F. Salter, G. R. Baiden

Intelligent ore delineation refers to the ability reliably to characterize the geological setting of a mineralized body and its grade distribution. This necessitates using all available geological information in a timely and efficient manner, such that effective geological control is achieved. The importance of geological control is paramount to improving the efficiency and competitiveness of underground mines. As a result, the development of new geosensing tools designed to provide more reliable and timely information should be a priority. However, as the sensing tools advance then so, too, must the decision support system in order to allow the full benefits of these tools to be achieved. One potential system considered able to provide this architecture is ’true 3D-GIS’ (Geographical Information System). GIS promises to provide a seamless data flow and to connect information currently unavailable to the underground mine operations by bringing together previously disparate and spatial data sets in a visually effective and timely way. This paper considers the potential revolution GIS offers over the flow and use of data in mining by focusing on the integration of geosensing data and GIS to facilitate intelligent ore delineation.

Jan 1, 2000

By Hamed Khodadadi, Hamid Ghadiri

In this study, a fuzzy logic self-tuning PID controller based on an improved disturbance observer is designed for control of the ball mill grinding circuit. The ball mill grinding circuit has vast applications in the mining, metallurgy, chemistry, pharmacy, and research laboratories; however, this system has some challenges. The grinding circuit is a multivariable system in which the high interaction between loops, the variation of the system parameters with time, and time delay are some of the problems that pose a challenge. Since the controller parameters are determined offline in classic PID control, these gains are unchangeable and cannot overcome the mentioned challenges in this system. Hence, a fuzzy logic self-tuning PID controller, which is a combination of fuzzy logic and a conventional PID controller, is proposed to control the grinding system, especially in the presence of model mismatch and disturbances. In addition, in order to solve the system challenges, a multivariable control approach based on an improved disturbance observer is proposed to suppress the effects of the disturbances. The most important feature of the algorithm proposed in this paper as the combination of fuzzy logic self-tuning PID and improved disturbance observer is its ability to eliminate system interaction, attenuate internal and external disturbances, and compensate the effect of system uncertainty on the performance of the ball mill grinding circuit. Simulation results in the cases of the set-point change in particle size and circulating load in the presence of model mismatch and external disturbances confirmed the controller performance compared to other controllers.

By G Hall

BHP BillitonÆs (BHPB) Yandi ore deposit is a channel iron deposit (CID) in the Pilbara district of WA. The ore is predominantly a goethite-hematite pisolite and overlays a clay at the base of the deposit. Knowledge of the location of the contact prior to mining is critical to maximise ore extraction and minimise contamination from and mining of the underlying clays which contain high levels of alumina. The contact between the iron ore and the clay is highly irregular. Traditionally the contact has been delineated by closely spaced drilling û this can be expensive and since each drill hole only provides a point sample measurement, irregularities in the contact surface can be missed. In September 2001, three high resolution geophysical techniques were trialled to see if they could be used to improve the efficiency and accuracy of ore delineation. The three techniques were resistivity imaging, ground penetrating radar and electromagnetic conductivity imaging. The resistivity data showed a favourable correlation with the available ground truth data from drilling. Using this ground truth data as a calibration, an interpretation of the depth to the base of the channel iron deposit (CID) ore was constructed for the areas surveyed. A significant attribute of the method is that the position of the base of the ore is imaged continuously along the lines that are surveyed rather than at discrete points. No continuous well defined ground penetrating radar (GPR) reflections were observed from the base of the CID ore. There did appear to be some correlation between the range of echo times that reflections were observed and the drill data, however the precision to which the range of echo times could be estimated was of the order of several metres and therefore not adequate to replace current procedures. The electromagnetic data showed good correlations with the existence of shallow clays but did not discriminate between variations in CID ore depth. This technique is therefore not suitable for mapping the base of the CID ore but may still be useful as a rapid tool for mapping the position of clay bands.

Jan 1, 2002

By Frank A. Aplan, Barbara J. Arnold

INTRODUCTION Coal flotation is a fine cleaning process usually present in all but the older preparation plants. It is typically used to clean either the -28 mesh (-500 pm) or - 100 mesh (- 150 pm) raw coal fines, and it is the only commonly used preparation method that can effectively recover coal particles finer than, say, -200 mesh (74 pm). To place coal flotation into its proper context, it should be noted that the bulk of the raw coal sent to preparation plants is treated by gravity concentration. On a worldwide basis, from 0 to 40% of the raw feed to a preparation plant is treated by flotation, while in the US only about 10% of the raw coal feed is floated. Roughly, 50% of US preparation plants use flotation to process at least a portion of the raw coal feed, although most of the newer plants incorporate flotation into their flowsheet. Historically, the process has only been used to treat the raw coal fines naturally occurring after mining and a minimal amount of crushing at the preparation plant. This is in sharp contrast to ore flotation where, typically, the entire tonnage is first ground and then floated. As a consequence, of the approximately 500 Mt of raw coal treated by preparation in the US yearly, it is estimated that only about 40 Mt are sent to the flotation circuits (producing -30 Mt of clean product).'O1 This small tonnage compares with about 400 Mt of ores treated annually in the US by flotation. By analogy to ore flotation, where it is an effective, large tonnage, low cost, easy to operate process, its potential in coal preparation should be great. Reasons why it has not achieved a greater potential in coal preparation have been attributed by Aplan 102 to: 1. Indifferent results in removing sulfur and ash. 2. Difficulty in floating low rank and oxidized coals. 3. Inability to make clean separations with the finer sizes. 4.Inability to clean slurries with a high percentage of clay. 5. Problems with water chemistry. 6. Competition with effective, gravity coarse-cleaning methods. 7. Low value of coal historically. 8. Dewatering problems. 9. Transportation and storage problems with coal fines. 10. Marketing problems with coal fines. 11. Inadequate attention to the process in the plant. 12. Inefficient use of capital and operating monies. Inadequate attention to procedures, machines, and processes.

Jan 1, 1991

By A. A. Novoselov, U. Kelm

"Large volumes of mine tailings accumulated in surroundings of porphyry copper deposits represent a growing threat to environment. They contain significant concentrations of toxic metal and metalloids which can contaminate river runoff, ground waters or can be transported by wind. Both extreme pH of fluids in tailings impoundments and high surface areas of processed mineral grains provide their increased reactivity. As a result, during only a few decades, As, Cu, and Mo can be mobilized, redistributed through the tailing column and accumulated through post-deposition leaching, evaporation and contamination with natural fluids. Those processes are reflected in the forming of secondary minerals. Gypsum, Fe oxides/hydroxides, efflorescent salts and clay minerals are typical alteration products in tailings. Here we present the results of reactive transport simulations implemented on the base of PHREEQC and SUTRA codes. The one-dimension model emulates the mass balance between rainfall, evaporation and subsurface runoff, the kinetically- and thermodynamically-driven dissolution of tailing minerals, advective and diffusive transport of tailing fluids, and precipitation of secondary phases. A typical tailing column is composed of four unequal layers with predominance of (i) evaporation, (ii) secondary mineralization above, (iii) below water table, and (iv) near the bottom of dump. Those horizons are characterized by contrasting pH, chemical composition and bulk mineralization of pore fluids, distinct accessibility of atmospheric oxygen and, as a consequence, distinct intensity of sulfide oxidation. The modeling and its verification on Chilean tailings impoundments reveal the complexity and high rates of secondary mineralization. The accumulation of toxic alteration products is controlled by fluid transport through the tailing column induced by both rainfall/evaporation and exchange with subsurface runoff. The geochemical modeling is a powerful approach which allows comparing the processes in tailing deposits produced by distinct flotation regimes and providing the long-term predictions of their environmental impact as well as identifying sectors of tailings for possible re-processing."

Jan 1, 2018

By Patrick Cahill, Jacob Miller, Nolan Mundwiller, Catherine Johnson

"The Experimental Mine at the Missouri University of Science and Technology is undergoing major developments. The underground workings are being expanded to include a ramp down to a second level which will comprise of larger opening and room sizes to better simulate modern mine layouts. Thisexpansion will enable the Experimental Mine to be utilized for many more generations. In addition, the new 15,000 sq. ft. Kennedy Mine Building is being constructed and will house the mine office,classrooms, and three laboratories to accommodate the mining and explosives engineering programs’ ever-increasing enrollment. With these new developments come an increasing need for safety and awareness in regards to explosives and blasting. This paper will utilize the Institute of ExplosivesMakers Safety Analysis of Risk (IMESAFR) software tool, to assess current magazine compliance withthe increased personnel limits and mine building location. Furthermore, this paper will assess theimplementation of a wireless blast warning system consisting of warning beacons and a centrally located siren which will be integrated with the construction of the Kennedy Mine Building. This warning system will provide the necessary precautions to safely conduct blasting-related experiential learningopportunities and research projects, and will enable facility staff to more efficiently oversee blastingoperations at the Experimental Mine. "

Jan 1, 2017

By D. Purdie

"This paper aims to remind researchers, designers, operators, and managers about the benefits of seeding in the design of precipitation stages in their flowsheet. Including a high density solids (HDS™) process encourages the precipitating solids to form on the surface of existing precipitated particles. This paper discusses the application of the HDS technology at Kennecott Smelter, where the authors have witnessed significant improvements in settling and filtration rates. The authors have also applied this technology at various smelter bleed treatment plants worldwide with similar improvements in precipitation and filtration rates. HDS is a registered trademark of De Nora Water Technologies. RÉSUMÉ Cet article a pour objectif de rappeler aux chercheurs, aux concepteurs, aux exploitants et aux administrateurs les avantages de l’ensemencement dans la conception des étapes de précipitation de leur schéma de traitement. L’introduction d’un procédé des boues haute densité (procédé HDS™, de l’anglais high density sludge) encourage la formation de substances solides précipitantes à la surface des particules précipitées existantes. Cet article porte sur l’application de la technologie HDS à la fonderie Kennecott, où les auteurs ont observé des améliorations importantes au niveau de la vitesse de sédimentation et de filtration. Ils ont également appliqué cette technologie à diverses usines de traitement des rejets liquides des fonderies dans le monde entier, et ont constaté des améliorations similaires en termes de vitesse de précipitation et de filtration. Le procédé HDS est une marque de commerce déposée du fabricant De Nora Water Technologies.INTRODUCTION In 1966, the lead author worked as an assistant smelting metallurgist for the Tsumeb Corporation Limited copper and lead smelter in Tsumeb, Namibia. The smelter produced copper and lead, as well as cadmium and arsenic trioxide as byproducts. The cadmium was concentrated in the lead blast furnace off gas dust, and was collected by a baghouse. The baghouse dust was leached with dilute sulfuric acid (H2SO4) in a batch process. The iron and arsenic in the solution were oxidized with potassium permanganate (KMnO4) and basic ferric arsenate (BFAS; Fe(AsO4)x(SO4)y(OH)z·wH2O) was precipitated using milk of lime. The cadmium was cemented from the purified solution using zinc dust."

Jan 1, 2018

By Jian Zhou, Shuai Huang, Wenqin Xi, Kun Du

The deep oceans harbor a wide variety of mineral resources that are characterized by their abundance and high quality. Nations worldwide are actively pursuing the exploration and extraction of these resources. This paper provides a concise overview of the mineral resources found in the deep sea, highlighting the challenges associated with their exploitation. Furthermore, it presents a comprehensive analysis of the historical development of deep-sea mining technology and equipment, offering valuable insights into this field. By examining the current issues and obstacles faced in deep-sea mineral extraction, this study concludes that the future of deep-sea mining lies in the direction of automation, intelligence, and standardization. Additionally, it identifies the key technological advancements that need to be achieved in order to overcome the challenges associated with deep-sea mining.

Jan 5, 2024

The New Zealand opportunity NZ?s only significant phosphate deposit 1 million tonnes imported annually - mostly from Morocco US $180/t + $75/t freight

May 1, 2013

By Lawrence G. Houk

In modern warfare mica is truly indispensable. The coordination of combatant units necessitates maintenance of intricate communications equipment, in the construction of which high-grade sheet mica is essential. Scrap, ground, and the poorer qualities of block mica, which are less essential to the military program, are not considered in this paper. Furthermore, as the paper is designed primarily to assist mica miners, mica derivatives such as splittings and films are also excluded from discussion. The paper therefore relates solely to block mica of strategic quality.

Jan 1, 1942

By G. Rajesh

Mathematical modeling of bioremediation has gained importance as it is used as an optimization tool for the remediation process involved in contaminated sites. The bioremediation of Cr(VI) has been studied taking into consideration the initial Cr(VI) concentration Cr(VI)ini, bacterial growth substrate concentration (S), maximum growth rate (µmax), yield coefficient (Y), half saturation constant (Ks), and inhibition constant (KI). As the enzymatic reaction is also affected by initial substrate concentration (Sini) and Ks, different ratios of (Ks/Sini) are analyzed. As the inhibition constant (KI) is not constant for all the enzyme reactions and it varies with Cr(VI)ini, the correlation between (KI) and Cr(VI)ini is developed. A set of differential equations pertaining to bioremediation of Cr(VI) has been solved using FORTRAN 90 program adopting the model developed. The results are verified with the experimental data from the literature and a good correlation has been obtained between the experimental data and the model predictions. Keywords: bioremediation, hexavalent chromium, mathematical model, inhibition kinetics

Sep 1, 2012

By Richard Harrison, Frank Lim

"Lifting of slurry from the seabed mining machine to the surface production vessel is a critical element of any deepwater seabed mining system. A Vertical Transport System (VTS) comprises pump(s), riser string, connectors and hang-off assembly as its main components, but it is the pipe material, riser configuration and installation method that often attract the most discussions.This presentation will feature important VTS design work 2H has done over the years for different stakeholders, and highlight the work carried out as a partner to the EU funded Blue Mining Joint Industry Project.The key challenges faced by a deepwater VTS are:??High riser payload??Large deck space for storing riser joints??Long time to deploy and retrieve riser??Uncertain metocean conditions??Vortex induced vibrations??Weld and connector fatigueIncreasing the water depth further sees the longer and increasingly ‘springy’ riser experiencing axial resonance caused by wave induced vessel heave motions being close to the riser resonant period. This can lead to snatch loading and fatigue failure in the riser.The presentation will discuss the above design issues, analysis requirements and provide guidance on pump/riser selection. Solutions to mitigate the resonant response issues will also be proposed.."

Jan 1, 2017

By Dumitru Mitrica, Vasile Soare, Elvira Alexandrescu, Mihai Ghita, Marian Burada, Petru Moldovan, Raluca Maria Florea

"Aluminum metal matrix composite Al-Si /SiCp was prepared by reactive gas injection and subsequent remelting. The influence of the remelting process on the microstructure and physicalmechanical properties of the resulted material was investigated. Samples resulted from the synthesis process contained silicon carbide agglomerations in the vicinity of primary silicon and large pore concentrations. In-situ formed silicon carbide presented mostly a polymorphic structure with particle sizes varying from 1 to lOµm. Physical and mechanical properties were largely influenced by the porosity distribution. The remelting process provided a decrease in the composite material porosity and pore size, with significant improvements in the particle distribution and physical-mechanical properties of the composite material. Additions of up to lwt.%Mg in the starting alloy improved the in-situ carbide formation and particles distribution in the solidified material. However, stable and large particle agglomerations were detected in the material in absence of conventional stirring or controlled solidification techniques.IntroductionThe remarkable properties of composite materials (yield strength, stiffuess, hardness and resilience at a reduced specific weight) make them attractive for applications in automotive, aerospace and military industries. Particle reinforced aluminum metal matrix composites (PAMMC) are known for their high strength to weight ratio. The recent development of P AMMC created the possibility to obtain large particles concentrations, exceeding 10% by volume ofreinforcement (SiC, AIN, Al203, etc.). The improvement ofhigh temperature strength and wear resistance made them appropriate for the use in automotive applications, such as the pistons, rotors, disc brakes, and propeller shafts [ 1]. The present main disadvantage of the P AMMCs is their high costs for obtaining and processing related to the final product performance. In order to benefit from the advantages that offer composite materials properties a reasonable production cost - performance ratio must be obtained [2]. Recent innovations in the manufacturing of aluminum-based metal matrix composites provided notable performance improvements but no feasible solutions were found for lowering their present high prices."

Jan 1, 2014

By H. B. Sahu, N. M. Mishra, D. C. Panigrahi

The paper presents the development of a spontaneous heating liability index (SHLI) of coal based on a mathematical approach. The parameters for the calculation of this index have been determined by differential scanning calorimetric studies. Thirty-one coal samples representing both fiery and non-fiery coal seams of different ranks have been collected from different Indian coalfields and their SHLI values have been determined. In addition, the susceptibility of these samples to spontaneous combustion has been ascertained by standard crossing-point temperature measurement. The moisture percentage of all the samples has been obtained by proximate analysis. A comparative study between SHLI and crossing-point temperature, along with moisture percentage, indicates that SHLI predicts the proneness of coal to spontaneous heating more accurately.

Jan 1, 2008

By H. Bouzahzah

Sulfidic tailings, subjected to atmospheric water and oxygen action, can generate acid mine drainage (AMD); which is the most important environmental problem facing the mining industry. AMD generating potential can be assessed by the static tests which consist of a screening method where the neutralization potential (NP) and the acid-generating potential (AP) of a given rock sample are determined. The AP and NP are determined separately in the different static test existing procedures which can be divided into two distinct classes: chemical and the mineralogical methods. For some chemical method, the AP is calculated on the basis of total sulfide sulfur content in the sample which may overestimate its AP if significant quantities of non-sulfide sulfur species are present (e.g. organic S in coals, some sulfate as gypsum, barite, etc.). However, the mineralogical method evaluates the AP by the sum of the individual sulfides participation on acid generation based on their concentration within the sample and can be more accurate than the chemical method. For AP calculation, the Paktunc (1999a) mineralogical static test takes into consideration all sulfide minerals occurring in the sample. However, it does not take into account the rates of acidity production of these sulfides submitted to weathering conditions. So, the present study focusses on the modification of Paktunc AP calculation by considering the acidity production rates of these minerals. To reach this objective, five base-metal sulfides (pyrite as reference, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, arsenopyrite, galena), diluted within quartz (25?75 wt.%) simulating mill tailings were subjected to a kinetic test to evaluate their AP. The results show that all the studied sulfides minerals generate acidity at different rates, so the Paktunc?s equation for AP calculation has been adapted accordingly.

Aug 1, 2013

The Annual General Meeting of the South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy was held in Kelvin House, Johannesburg, on Wednesday, 27th August, 1975. Professor R. P. Plewman (President) was in the Chair. There were present 45 Fellows, 37 Members, 8 Graduates, 3 Associates, 4 Students, and 45 Visitors, making a total of 142. The President declared the Meeting open at 16h00. OBITUARIES The President: Ladies and gentlemen, it is my sad duty to announce the death of the following members of the Institute : M. Barcza, an Honorary Life Fellow and Past President of the Institute; J. A. Boyd, F. E. Keep, and J. H. Taylor, Life Fellows ; I. D. B. Corner, C. O'G. Deane, R. E. Gilmour, A. C. Hofmeyr, M. W. Howell, T. J. Robin, and F. S. Steinhobel, Fellows; J. J. Frankel, Member; and T. J. Higgs, Associate. As a mark of respect to the memory of the deceased and in sympathy with the bereaved, I ask you to rise and observe a few moments' silence. MINUTES The President: May we confirm the minutes of the General Meeting held on March 12th 1975 and published in the June issue of the Journal? Agreed. WELCOME The President: It is now my very great pleasure to welcome the many members of our Institute and all the distinguished guests who have honoured us with their presence this afternoon. In particular, I would like to welcome our Honorary President, Mr R. S. Lawrence, President of the Chamber of Mines, and also our Honorary Vice-President, Mr T. L. Gibbs, the Government Mining Engineer. Ons is ook besonder vereer dat dr. Naude, die Wetenskaplike Raad-gewer aan die Eerste Minister, en mnr. C. A. J. Borman, Direkteur van die Witwatersrandse Kollege vir Gevorderde Tegniese Onderwys, hier aanwesig is om die vergadering by to woon. We are also honoured by the presence of some 19 Presidents, Vice-Presidents, and Chairmen of our sister scientific and technical organizations. I would particularly like to welcome Mr Gericke of the South African Council for Professional Engineers, Professor Pretorius of the A.S. & T.S., and Dr Lloyd of F.S.P.E. And then, also the Presidents of the Institute of Welding, Professor Robinson; of the Electrical Engineers, Dr Troost ; of the Certificated Mechanical and Electrical Engineers, Mr Gibbs; of the Geological Society, Professor Maske; of the Land Surveyors of the Transvaal, Mr Course ; of the Assayers and Analysts, Mr Williams; of the Mine Ventilation Society, Mr Martinson; of the Chemical Institute, Mr Goodman; of the Association of Mine Managers, Mr Pretorius ; of the Institute of Foundrymen, Mr Attenborough; of the Production Engineers, Mr Duggan ; and of S.A.F.U.E.S., Mr Avalle. Then, the Chairman of the Council of the Institute of Metallurgists, Mr Snow; the Vice-President of the Town and Regional Planning, Mr Reinecke; the Vice-President of the Association of Consulting Engineers, Mr O'Kell; and Mr Cronje, who is representing E.A.S.A. Finally, the Chairman of the Southern Transvaal Section of the Chemical Institute, Mr Bloom ; the Chairman of the Witbank-Middelburg Branch of our own Institute, Mr Hosking; and the Secretary-Treasurer of our O.F.S. Branch, Mr Bird. We also have with us Mr Trueman; the Deputy Manager of Kelvin House, Mr Mrost ; our Honorary Editor, Dr Glen; Mr Walford; and also some representatives of the Press. Finally, it gives me great pleasure to welcome those who will receive Honorary Life Fellowships tonight, and also the winners of our student prizes. MEMBERSHIP The President: Ladies and gentlemen, I have pleasure in announcing the names of the following candidates, which have been published in accordance with By-Law 5.2.5., and Council has elected them to membership in the following grades: Fellows: R. G. Boswell, R. W. Chadwick, D. R. Hardman, J. A. Holmes, T. J. B. Jones, and R. P. King. Members : M. A. Bridgeford, C. F. Bonney, H. E. Bartlett, L. G. Floyd, A. K. Haines, D. Hatfield, C. G. Heymann, M. J. Howes, J. B. See, E. van Greunen, and S. P. Swanepoel. Associate Members : J. Coetsee and R. P. G. Steyn. Graduates: J. J. de Villiers and J. C. King. Associates: B. J. Bucher, P. A. Combrinck, W. J. N. Gelderblom, L. S. Halasz, J. van Wyk, C. P. Visser, and A. Veress. Students: D. J. Claasens, P. C. Crous, D. H. Murchison, P. A. Rossouw, and J. P. L. Schultz. Company Affiliates: Airco Engineering (Proprietary) Limited and Deelkraal Gold Mining Company Limited. There have also been some transfers: Member to Fellow: J. B. Nangle. Graduate to Member: E. E. Eichenbergen, M. J. Hillbeck, L. A. Melis, P. J. Venter, and R. O. Wellman. Associate to Associate Member: B. M. Williams. I welcome the newly elected members to the Institute, and I congratulate those who have been transferred to a higher grade.

Jan 10, 1975