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By C. L. Baker

The total production of petroleum in the Gulf Coast in 1927 was 54.541.180 bbl., .5.655.665 bbl. more than in 1926. The Texas total was 49.129.910 bbl. (Table 1) and the Louisiana tota1 5.411.270 bbl. (Table 2). Louisiana production decreased 278.028 bbl., compared with that of 1926. Spindletop produced nearly 44 per cent. of the Texas total. Initial production in Louisiana amounted to 62.865 bbl. and in Texas to 352.955 bbl.' The Oil and Gas Journal gives a total of 1145 wells

Jan 1, 1928

ON the face of it, the American Mining Congress meeting was a big success, as witness the smiles on the AIME members, pictured here, who attended. The grins were captured at Booth 232, where caricaturist Lenn Redman held forth for the Independent Pneumatic Tool Co., sketching 114 subjects in one week.

Jan 10, 1950

CHARLES E. WILSON'S second quarterly report "Meeting Defense Goals" was encouraging on the outlook for the mining industry, as prolonged demand for minerals seems assured; but for the individual engineer things are not so rosy. Ten percent of the gross national product is going for defense but the gross national product has been increased by 9 pct since the national emergency was declared apparently a commendable rate of progress. The increased production does not seem to have had the stabilizing effect on prices it should and housewives have been revising domestic budgets upward on a quarterly basis. Government economists have reached the conclusion that more taxes and wage and salary freezing are necessary to counteract inflation.

Jan 8, 1951

By O. B. Harden

In working out the geological structure of a complicated district, where the problems are difficult to solve by the ordinary methods in use, a model, upon which all the geological and topographical data may be put, will be found of great value, bringing, as it does, all the facts in their proper relationship at once under the eye. In the teaching of structural geology, also, a model is of great value, since the student can thus have before him, in miniature, a representation of the rocks, as he would see them in place. Topographical models may often be useful in suits at law for damages in railroad accidents, or for trespass against mining companies, etc., in order

Jan 1, 1882

By P. L. Lavery

A numerical method to derive approximate solutions for stress intensity factors for rectilinearly anisotropic bodies without resolving to complex variable approach is presented. The method is based on the assumption that the crack opening profile can be simulated by a simple curve such as an elliptic function and a relationship is found for the stress intensity factor in terms of near tip displacements. An example solution is derived for a transversely isotropic body and the results are verified with Westergaard's stress function approach. The proposed model has a great potential for the applications to fracture mechanics of anisotropic rock materials.

Jan 1, 1984

On October 20, 1964, in his Waldorf Towers suite, death came to Herbert Clark Hoover, 31st President of the United States. At his bedside were his two sons, Allan A. and Herbert Hoover, Jr. Many years of humanitarian and public service earned him the gratitude of millions here and abroad. The Nation mourned his death. For the mining fraternity and AIME in particular, the life of Herbert Hoover held particular meaning. During the years from 1895 to 1914 when he was actively engaged in mining, he conducted himself with extraordinary competence, energy and integrity. In the years following, when his qualities of administration and leadership literally forced him into the limelight, he continued his interest and lent his talents for the benefit of the engineering profession.

Jan 11, 1964

AS you have been able to observe, I have up to the present demonstrated as, well as I knew how in writing the art of casting- and the methods of making moulds and of baking them; then the arrangements of the furnaces for melting the materials, including those made for melting by reverberation of flames or with bellows and charcoal, and the hearth, basket, ladle, and other similar instruments customary in such operations. Now I wish to show you how to bring to their conclusion the works for which these instruments are made, and show

Jan 1, 1942

By E. Gybbon Spilsbury

Everybody who has had his attention turned to the gold-deposits of the Southern States, is acquainted with the undisputed fact of the existence, at least in the Carolinas and Georgia, of enormous areas of gold-bearing rocks. Long before the discovery of the precious metal in California, gold-mining on a very extensive scale mas a well-estab-

Jan 1, 1887

(Members are, urged to send in for this column any notes of interest concerning themselves or their fellow-members.) Members and guests who registered at Institute headquarters during the period April 10 to May 10; I. N. Knapp, Ardmore, Pa. E. P. Mathewson, Anaconda, Mont. Herbert B. Cox, New York, N. Y. H. B. Barling, New York, N. Y. A. McLintock, Brooklyn, N. Y. M. M. Thompson, Morsemere, N. J. Heinrich Ries, Ithaca, N. Y. Howland Bancroft, Denver, Colo. R. M. Catlin, Franklin Furnace, N. J. John H. Adams, Birmingham, Ala. Percy E. Barbour, Candor, N. C. Henry D. Boddington, London, England. A. D. R. Galloway, Qruro, Bolivia. William J. Cox, Denver, Colo. M. K. Rodgers, Westgate, Cal. W. J. Morrison, Toronto, Canada. W. J. Richards has been elected President of the Reading. Coal & Iron Co., succeeding the late George F. Baer.

Jan 6, 1914

By K. Osseo-Asare

The thermodynamics of solid-aqueous solution equilibria up to 200°C In the systems Me-NH3 H2 0 (Me=Cu, Ni, Co) are summarized with predominance area diagrams generated with the DIAGRAM computer program. The implications of the diagrams to ammonia hydrometallurgy are discussed.

Jan 1, 1981

By R. A. McClelland

In the development of the Sirosmelt tin smelting process the need has arisen to understand and predict the problems likely to be encountered in optimal furnace operation on larger scales and over wide ranges of operating parameters. To study these parameters in detail with existing pilot plants and production scale plants is prohibitive in terms of cost, time and limitations of furnace design. The Sirosmelt computer model, SMELT, has been developed to simulate the process and to study a range of metallurgical parameters. The model's robust basic form has allowed adaption to a variety of needs. It is now being used to generate data on optimum operating conditions for a commercial scale plant and for operator training.

Jan 1, 1984

By G. T. Lineberry, L. Adler

Reduced clearance a one of the most important characteristics of encumbered space in underground coal mining. Another key variable is the maximum velocity at which a piece of mobile mining equipment can operate in this limited space. Typical velocity-clearance curves for different mine transportation systems are developed and characterized. Applications of the relationships are examined, emphasizing their significance in designing and controlling mine materials handling system.

Jan 1, 1985

By O. Knacke, H. Barth, W. Gans

The rate of cementation was determined by measuring the time required to consume a thin electrodeposited layer of the cementating metal as indicated by a sudden increase in the electrical potential. The diffusion controlled cathodic current of the more positive metal was measured by conventional electrochemical techniques and compared with the cementation rate under the same experimental conditions. Micrographs revealed different types of crystal growth in different surroundings e.g. dendritic growth in acidic solutions.

Jan 1, 1973

JoHN W. BELL, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (communication to the Secretary*).-Mr. Taggart's reply illuminates a puzzling element in his original paper. Unconsciously, he has allowed practical considerations to influence some of his conclusions. In certain cases, he accepts the direct conclusions indicated by his Stadler efficiencies, and these are proved wrong by both the Rittinger and practical method for estimating efficiency. In other cases, a direct conclusion based on his Stadler figures would be so unsatisfactory to him, that he is. compelled to argue how he could have obtained satisfactory results if lie had crone something that

Jan 10, 1917

By J. Mark Gronseth

The instantaneous shut in pressure often times is not a well defined feature of pressure-time records from in situ stress determinations by hydraulic fracturing. As the applications of in situ stress data become more sophisticated, the grea5er the need for an unambiguous method with which to identify the instantaneous shut in pressure becomes. Controlled experiments suggest that the instantaneous shut in pressure should be equated with the pressure at the inflection point of the pressure-time record following shut in. A method for determining this value is presented. Often times the minimum instantaneous shut in pressure determined after several pressurization cycles is the best estimate of the stress acting perpendicular to the fracture plane.

Jan 1, 1982

CHARLES H. FULTON (author's reply to discussion*).-Mr. E. E. Thum is kind enough to point out an apparent discrepancy between the conclusions drawn from experiments and the results of those experiments. It is stated on page 1383 that carbon dioxide in excess of 1 per cent. is not found in the gases above the carbon reduction temperature (of zinc oxide). This statement refers to such temperatures as occur in ordinary zinc distillation and is not meant to include temperatures above 1350° C., and it should have been so stated in the original paper. When the temperature of the distilling chamber reached 1400° and above, it was noted that the amount of carbon dioxide in the gases increased. This cannot be explained by the equilibrium of the reaction 2CO?CO2 + C, and in seeking reasons for the discrepancy, the experiments of Meyer

Jan 1, 1919

By John A. Ames

AMERICAN pioneers first discovered "commercial" salt in western New York State. Geologists gave the classically correct name of Salina to the salt bearing strata of New York. Rock salt occurs in rocks of approximately the same age and stratigraphic position as New York's Salina "group", to the south and southwest, in western Pennsylvania, eastern Ohio and northwestern West Virginia. Sodium chloride and associated salts occur in brines throughout much of the same area as the rock salt. Brines also are found in areas well beyond the margins of that under which the rock salt lies, especially to the west in Ohio and to the south in West Virginia. The occurrence of the brines in the same area as the rock salt is almost always coincidental rather than indicative of a physical association.

Jan 5, 1950

By Henry F. Collins

The following notes on the cheap milling of a soft lowgrade ore-body in the State of Chiapas, Mexico, may be of interest. The ore-body in question was worked, not by itself, but incidentally in connection with a large extraction of concentrating-ore; and one 10-stamp battery of a 30-stamp mill used for re-crushing tailings, and provided with copper-plates, was set aside for the treatment of this particular ore, of which, during a period of 17 months, 10,274 tons, of 2240 lbs. each, were handled. Description.—The ore-body collsisted of that portion of a mass of decomposed garnet-rock of igneous origin, which, near its contact with another igneous mass, composed chiefly of the mineral wollastonite in a nearly pure state, had been permeated by solutions, depositing irregularly, throughout it, quartz, chal-

Jan 1, 1902

By Robert A. Bauer

This study showed that diametral point-load testing performed parallel to the bedding planes of highly anisotropic sedimentary rocks produced inconsistent results that cannot be used to accurately estimate uniaxial compressive strength. Axial point-load values from tests performed normal to bedding planes and evaluated by the T500 index produce good correlations with the uniaxial compressive strength values obtained for five different rock types. A strong correlation also existed between the moisture content and the uniaxial compressive strength of the tested lithologies. A combination of axial point-load and moisture content indices produces the best correlation with the uniaxial compressive strength test results.

Jan 1, 1984

By Zhu Weishen, Xu Dongjun

In the 1st part of this paper a comparassion of the different methods for determining the modules of elasticity and deformation of hard rock is made. It is found that the plate bearing method has a serious shortcoming. The slit flat-jack method seems to be a mare reasonable technique, which is recommended as a desirable method for in situ testing. In the 2nd part, a new test method to determine the properties of deformation and strength of weak plane in rock mass is recommended. Then the relation of weak plane character to the character of stress-strain curve, the relation of normal stress to the character of shear displacement curve and the yielding criterion of weak plane are discussed.

Jan 1, 1982