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Autogenous-Carrier Effect and Gangue Influence in Fine Particle Flotation of Ilmenite/Titanaugite System

Sep 13, 2010

By Sibin Zhang, Shengli Wu, Youhao Yin, Yuandong Pei, Zhixing Zhao, Jiangshan Shi, Zhengyun Fan

Spraying medium to achieve an energy-saving and emission reduction for iron ore sintering has been researched, such as spraying natural gas, coke oven gas, oxygen, sintering flue gas and gas from annular cooler. This paper focuses on effect of spraying steam on sintering surface on reduction of NOx and dioxin emissions in practical sintering production in Shougang Jingtang. It can be found that, with the increase of sintering bed spraying steam amount, NOx and dioxin of flue gas showed a decreasing trend. As spraying steam 1 t/h for 550 m2 sintering machine in Jingtang, NOx content decreases 2.6–9.5 mg/Nm3, and dioxin decreases 0.007–0.014 TEG ng/Nm3.

Mar 1, 2018

By V. F. Petrov, O. D. Khmelnitskaya, V. M. Lodeischikov

"The processing of copper gold ores is one of the major issues of gold-mining industry in the beginning of 21st century. In this case, application of ammoniacal cyanidation process for this type of mineral raw materials deserves special attention. Irgiredmet Institute has carried out a wide range of studies on ammoniacal cyanidation process and evaluated the possible commercial use of this process for Russian operating plants. Copper gold-bearing ore from a current Russian deposit was studied. The content of gold and copper in the ore is 9.4 g/t and 0.4%, respectively. Based on the results of preliminary test work, a flow sheet was developed. It included gravity concentration followed by cyanidation of the gravity tailings using CIP. The flow sheet provides sufficient total gold recovery (91.5%). However, this technology has disadvantages, such as high specific consumption of reagents: 4.5 kg/t NaCN and 13.5 kg/t Ca(OCl)2 the ore and the increased gold grade in the liquid phase of the tails slurry (0.2 g/t). In order to improve cyanidation process parameters, test work on gravity tails processing using ammoniacal cyanidation was carried out. After the test work was completed, ammoniacal cyanidation flow sheet for copper gold-bearing ores was developed. Leaching conditions were optimized using recycled process solutions. Recommendations on gold recovery from the solutions and tails detoxification are given. The proposed flow sheet provides 91.5% gold recovery. In this case, compared to the conventional option, the consumption of cyanide decreases by 3-4 times.INTRODUCTION The technology of precious metals recovery from gold-bearing ores is based on cyanidation. This accounts for up to 90% gold recovery and the significant portion of silver (Lodeischikov, 1999). However, there exists the category of so called refractory ores. They are not amenable to direct cyanidation (without using additional expensive processes), or they are characterized by low indices of metals recovery and high consumption of reagents. The latter also include copper gold ores. Their deposits can be found extensively both worldwide and in Russian Federation. A feature of these ores is that they contain not only gold but also copper. It is considered not only as a valuable component but also as a harmful mineral impurity that hinders gold cyanidation, gold precipitation from the solutions by cementation onto zinc dust and adsorption onto activated carbon (CIL, CIP-processes), detoxification of cyanide bearing effluents."

Jan 1, 2018

By Bruna Goulart Bartosiaki

A fabricação de aços com elevada qualidade interna esta correlacionada diretamente ao entendimento de como inclusões não-metálicas se comportam ao longo de cada etapa do processo. Neste estudo, amostras de aço foram coletadas em uma planta industrial, logo após o vazamento e ao final do tratamento em forno-panela, e submetidas à análise via MEV/EDS automatizado. A evolução da composição química das inclusões nas amostras foi representada sob a forma de diagramas ternários e remetida as suas morfologias. A análise automatizada permite a obtenção de dados estatísticos das inclusões varridas, que compreendem faixas de tamanho, número de inclusões e composição química média. Verificou-se que, dependendo dos desoxidantes utilizados e da oferta de oxigênio no banho, ocorrem diferentes morfologias de inclusões. Inicialmente, as inclusões formadas encontram-se na faixa de composição rica em alumina e, à medida que o banho é submetido à agitação, há a modificação da sua composição química para faixas ricas em CaO e SiO2. Durante esta etapa ocorre a redução na população de inclusões, já que inclusões aluminosas são ricas em fase sólida, o que facilita sua remoção, além disso, a agitação do banho favorece a interação entre as próprias inclusões. O comparativo entre a caracterização das inclusões e os parâmetros do processo, durante o refino secundário, permitiu verificar como cada variável contribui para o controle inclusionário.

Jul 30, 2018

By James F. Kemp

Discussion of the paper of D. Foster Hewett, Bulletin To. 27, March, 1909, pp. 291 to 310. JAMES F. KEMP, New York, N. Y.:-Mr. Hewett's paper is one of exceptional interest, because it not only adds an important contribution regarding one of the rarer, valuable elements, but also because it introduces compounds hitherto unknown and in associations no less novel. While we have occasionally dis¬covered and recorded asphaltite in metalliferous deposits, for example in the Joplin and Granby districts, we have not seen a metallic ore in a deposit essentially asphaltite. The source and method of introduction afford a subject well worth serious reflection. Vanadium was first discovered and recognized as a distinct element in the slags obtained in smelting the titaniferous magnetites at Taberg, Sweden. For a long time, therefore, we looked upon the titaniferous magnetites as its hone. Analyses proved, years ago, that it was present in the ores of this type in New Jersey and in the Adirondacks. It was quite rarely determined, but when looked for it was, I think, invariably found, although the Amount seldom exceeded 0.5 per cent. of V,05., In just what combination it exists in the titaniferous ores is uncertain. One might imagine V2O3 replacing some of the Fe2O3 of magnetite; or, since in the lead series vanadates and phosphates are closely akin, one might wonder if a lime-vanadate could take the place of apatite. Yet no lime-vanadate has been found in nature, and apatite itself is usually rare in the titaniferous ores. When percentage-curves are plotted for a series of analyses of the ores, the line of vanadic oxide shows a curious sympathetic behavior with the line of chromic oxide;' but the data are somewhat limited, and no compound has sug¬gested itself which throws light on the matter. Dr. W. F. Hillebrand has discussed the occurrence and dis-

Oct 1, 1909

By C. S. Barrett, C. T. Haller

Twinning in magnesium is known to occur profusely under certain conditions, and when it occurs in polycrystalline materials it brings about a partial or even a complete change in the preferred orientation. The amount of research on this subject, however, has not been in proportion to its importance as a mechanism of deformation and reorientation. Much of the research has been limited to twinning in single crystals. The present study1 concerns polycrystalline sheet, and is an investigation of the twinning produced by plastic deformation as a function of the following variables: 1. Direction and type of deformation. 2. Amount of deformation. 3. Speed of deformation. 4. Temperature of deformation 5. Composition and temper of the sheet. 6. Twins previously produced. 7. Twins previously produced, then annealed. By proper control of these variables it is shown that, on a laboratory scale, samples can be produced that are free from preferred orientations. The materials used were samples of commercial magnesium-alloy sheets with nominal compositions given in Table I. X-ray diffraction was used in most of this work to detect the twins and to estimate the amount of twinning. Since twinning on (102) planes causes a re-orientation of the crystal lattice by 86", it is very easy to study with X-ray diffraction patterns, particularly if one notices the diffraction ring from the basal plane— the 002 reflection. By properly directing the X-ray beam, it is possible to produce 002 reflections from twinned material at, say, the 6 and 12 o'clock positions on the 002 ring, with the untwinned material reflecting to 3 and 9 o'clock positions; and by judging the relative intensity of the arcs on the diffraction ring at these positions, it is possible to judge the amount of twinned material relative to the untwinned. This X-ray method of estimating the amount of twinning is generally superior to metallo-graphic observation, for it was found

Jan 1, 1947

By C. S. Barrett, C. T. Haller

Twinning in magnesium is known to occur profusely under certain conditions, and when it occurs in polycrystalline materials it brings about a partial or even a complete change in the preferred orientation. The amount of research on this subject, however, has not been in proportion to its importance as a mechanism of deformation and reorientation. Much of the research has been limited to twinning in single crystals. The present study1 concerns polycrystalline sheet, and is an investigation of the twinning produced by plastic deformation as a function of the following variables: 1. Direction and type of deformation. 2. Amount of deformation. 3. Speed of deformation. 4. Temperature of deformation 5. Composition and temper of the sheet. 6. Twins previously produced. 7. Twins previously produced, then annealed. By proper control of these variables it is shown that, on a laboratory scale, samples can be produced that are free from preferred orientations. The materials used were samples of commercial magnesium-alloy sheets with nominal compositions given in Table I. X-ray diffraction was used in most of this work to detect the twins and to estimate the amount of twinning. Since twinning on (102) planes causes a re-orientation of the crystal lattice by 86", it is very easy to study with X-ray diffraction patterns, particularly if one notices the diffraction ring from the basal plane— the 002 reflection. By properly directing the X-ray beam, it is possible to produce 002 reflections from twinned material at, say, the 6 and 12 o'clock positions on the 002 ring, with the untwinned material reflecting to 3 and 9 o'clock positions; and by judging the relative intensity of the arcs on the diffraction ring at these positions, it is possible to judge the amount of twinned material relative to the untwinned. This X-ray method of estimating the amount of twinning is generally superior to metallo-graphic observation, for it was found

Jan 1, 1947

By A. Pawelczyk, D. Hreniak, E. Zych, W. Strek, K. Grabas, A. Ostrowski

"Mongolia is a country rich in rare earth resources. In the experiments carried out samples of the Mongolian ore were processed to obtain a lanthanide concentrate. The concentrate underwent hydrometallurgical processing. At the same time radioactive elements were removed. The lanthanides were obtained in the form of hydroxides that were further processed in order to get concentrated products. As a result cerium, lanthanum and neodymium-praseodymium concentrates were separated in the process. Also a concentrate of remaining elements: samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium and erbium was obtained. INTRODUCTIONAccording to the assessment of the US Geological Survey, Mongolia possesses 16.77 % of the world total rare earth (RE) resources (Daly, 2011); that is the second largest RE reserve in the world, estimated to be 31 million tonnes in terms of rare earth oxides (REO). In the face of Chinese RE trade restrictions, Mongolia emerged as an important economical partner in mining and exploitation of these critical raw materials. This country is recognized as having more than five large RE deposits in the southern provinces. The most important are Lugeengol (Lugin Gol), Mushgia Khudag, Khotgor and Khalzan Buregtei (Eurasia, 2010). The Mongolian government has taken measures to facilitate western investments, nevertheless the country is economically dependent on China, the basic trading partner, particularly where exports are concerned.In the late 1970s Hydromet Kowary Enterprise, Poland, took up, along with the Wroclaw University of Technology, research and technological study on lanthanides recovery from raw materials of Vietnamese and Mongolian origin and from Indian monazite sands (Kowalczyk, 1990; Kowalczyk & Mazanek, 1987; 1990). For that purpose, a rare earth processing plant had been constructed with the capacity of about 10 t/year of hydroxide concentrate. The facility included several technological operations like grinding, flotation, hydroxide concentrate production in the hydrometallurgical processing, particular RE separation, and production of commercial products in form of CeO2, La2O3, Nd2O3, Pr2O3, and misch metal. Additionally work had been carried out in Kowary on the manufacture of yttrium and europium oxides of high purity, which were intended for color TV picture tube production in Poland."

Jan 1, 2012

A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF TELPHER HANDLING AND BLAST FURNACE EQUIPMENT.The various sections will be described in the following order:(a) Telpher Handling and Storage Bins.(b) Blast Furnaces.(c) Slag Disposal.(d) Bullion Handling to Drossing Kettles.(e) Copper Drossing.(f) Copper Matte Furnace.(g) Bullion Delivery to Refinery.(h) Fume Handling.(a) TELPHER HANDLING.The telpher installation is an all-steel structure designed to carry out the work of assembly and delivery of charge materials to the blast furnaces.To simplify description, the primary telpher installation will be divided into three (3) sections:-No. 1 Section. 395 ft. long, running north and south, parallel to the water front, and so located that coke, which...

Jan 1, 1937

By Simon Lekakh, Von Richards, C. Hank Rawlins, Kent Peaslee

"Batch aqueous leaching and carbonation tests were conducted using industrial steelmaking slags to determine the effect of carbonic anhydrase enzyme as a catalyst. Calcium leaching is a strong function of particle surface area, and the extent can be expressed as a function of time and particle size. Carbonic anhydrase did not affect the calcium-leaching rate, however, it did catalyze calcium carbonate formation to achieve a neutralization time near the theoretical rate. Additionally, carbonic anhydrase modified the precipitate morphology due to accelerated particle nucleation. Time controlled tests in which the pH dropped to ~6 decreased the amount of carbonate produced, and this effect was exaggerated by carbonic anhydrase, while pH controlled tests (>8.5) exhibited the highest rate of carbonation. Because the leaching rate was ~50% faster than the carbonation rate, a further increase in the amount of carbonation may be realized by using carbonic anhydrase however pH must be >10.3.IntroductionSteelmaking slag contains high fractions of alkaline earth oxide based phases (i.e., CaO and MgO) that exothermically form carbonates. Thus, it is being considered as a means of permanent carbon dioxide sequestration. At current U.S. steel production rates, approximately 13-17 million tons/year of slag are generated from basic oxygen furnace (BOF), electric arc furnace (EAF), and ladle metallurgy furnace (LMF) processes [1]. BOF and EAF slag is used as high quality mineral aggregate or cement clinker, while LMF slag, produced at ~15% the rate of BOF and EAF slags, has limited use as blast furnace flux or acid mine neutralization with the majority going to landfill [2]. Based on slag’s chemical nature and immediate availability as a co-product from steel production, the steel industry initiated a project to investigate hydrous carbonate formation in steelmaking slag as a method of sequestering carbon dioxide emitted in steelmaking offgas [3]. The goal of this project is to determine the reactor parameters suitable for the design of an industrial system for treating steelmaking offgas with raw or minimally processed slag."

Jan 1, 2009

By Tiago Evangelista Gomes

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo verificar a influência do Nióbio na trabalhabilidade a quente de um aço inoxidável duplex do tipo UNS S32304 em condições similares às do processamento industrial, utilizando ensaios de torção a quente. Foram fundidas, em forno de indução a vácuo, 4 corridas experimentais: uma com a composição química padrão e as outras objetivando-se teores de Nióbio de 0,2%, 0,4% e 0,8%. Ensaios de torção a quente foram realizados em resfriamento contínuo a partir de 1.200ºC, e ensaios isotérmicos no intervalo de temperaturas de 1.200 a 900ºC. O aumento da fração volumétrica de ferrita em função do aumento da concentração de Nióbio melhorou a trabalhabilidade a quente destas ligas.

Jul 30, 2018

By Leandro Nakamura Alves Vieira

O acirramento da competição no mercado de aço tem exigido esforços de inovação e redução de custos. Por sua vez, as técnicas agrupadas como ICME - Integrated Computational Materials Engineering vêm acelerando o desenvolvimento e a otimização de materiais e processos de fabricação. O emprego destas técnicas tem sido uma ferramenta extra para assegurar a competitividade na indústria. Neste trabalho o uso da termodinâmica computacional no desenvolvimento e processamento de aços elétricos é revisado através da discussão de exemplos. Cálculos de equilíbrios mais relevantes para o processo de fabricação destes aços (tanto de grão não orientado-GNO como orientado-GO) permitem obter informações sobre as transformações de fases, solubilização de precipitados (sulfetos e nitretos) essenciais para a obtenção de texturas cristalográficas ideais. Os cálculos são discutidos e comparados com resultados reais. Discutem-se ainda, cálculos no sistema aço-gás, e os efeitos da composição da atmosfera na formação de óxidos na superfície do aço. Tais cálculos são importantes para descrever previamente as transformações que ocorrem durante as várias etapas de fabricação, assim como os efeitos dos parâmetros de processo sob os aços elétricos. A aplicação da técnica permite otimizar o processamento e o desenvolvimento dos aços elétricos em diversos aspectos. As vantagens e limitações do método, assim como o potencial de outras técnicas de ICME, na área, são discutidas.

Aug 7, 2018

By Dapeng Zhang, Brij Moudgil, Shibo Zheng, Chunhui Feng, Wenyi Song, Wending Xiao, Patrick Zhang

The separation of dolomite from phosphate is the most challenging problem in phosphate mineral processing. More than 50 percent of the phosphate reserve in Florida contains too much dolomite to process using current industry practice. The current way of producing phosphoric acid requires less than one percent MgO in the phosphate concentrate as the feed material. The Florida Industrial and Phosphate Research (FIPR) Institute has collaborated with worldwide experts in the field to address this issue. As a result, the industry is now offered three feasible options. Option I entails three methods for reducing MgO content in the concentrate from the Crago process, including adding a dolomite depressant in the rougher flotation step, dolomite flotation of the cleaner concentrate, and scrubbing the cleaner concentrate in quartz sand, which could reduce MgO content in the final concentrate by 20 to 40 percent. Option II involves the crushing and grinding of high-dolomite phosphate pebbles followed by dolomite flotation at slightly acidic pH using a new collector that does not require phosphoric acid as a phosphate depressant, achieving a final concentrate analyzing less than 0.9 percent MgO at about 87 percent P2O5 recovery. Option III is a gravity separation technique using an innovative separation jig, and its full potential remains to be demonstrated.

By M. Pakala, Z. Fan, Ray Y. Lin

Deposition of hard chromium coatings using electrodeposition is accompanied by emission of hexavalent chromium mists which is a carcinogenic. Hence alternative chromium deposition technologies are being investigated. Sputter deposition is a strong candidate to economically deposit hard chromium coatings in an environmentally friendly way. Chromium coatings of 2-3 µ m thickness were deposited on plain carbon steel coupons using RF magnetron sputter deposition. Depositions were carried out with 0 to 22 vol% nitrogen in the plasma. Structure of the coatings was studied using x-ray diffraction analysis With increasing nitrogen contents, formation of the two nitride phases was observed. The pure chromium phase was detected in coatings with up to 7% nitrogen in the sputtering gas. The solid solution of nitrogen in the pure Cr phase coating was identified by shifts of Cr x-ray diffraction peaks to higher d-spacing. The microhardness of the coatings deposited at a substrate temperature of 200°C showed an increase in hardness with increasing nitrogen content from 600 kgf/mm2 (5.9 GPa) at 0% nitrogen to I250 kgf/mm2 (I2.25 GPa) at 9.5 % nitrogen and a subsequent decrease in hardness to I 100 kgf/mm2 (11 GPa) beyond 9.5 % nitrogen in the sputtering gas. This corresponds to the formation of the hard Cr2N phase, at 9.5 % nitrogen, and CrN phase, at I5.7 % nitrogen. The reported bulk hardness values of Cr2N and CrN are I600 kgf/mm2 (I5.7 GPa) and I 100 kgf/mm2 (11 GPa) respectively. For pure Cr phase coatings, there is a slight increase in hardness for coatings deposited at 7. I % nitrogen from that without nitrogen in the sputtering gas. This could possibly result from the solid solution strengthening of the Cr lattice by nitrogen. For films deposited at 200°C, phases of the deposited films seem to be the overwhelming factor in controlling the microhardness.

Jan 1, 1998

By Sandra Goulart-Santos

Os aços galvanizados são amplamente utilizados devido à sua excelente resistência à corrosão. Além disso, esses aços apresentam alta qualidade superficial, o que é um requisito importante para aplicações exigentes como as da indústria automobilística. Dentre os parâmetros de processo importantes para a qualidade dos revestimentos está o teor de alumínio no banho de zinco. Nesse estudo, foi utilizado o simulador do processo de galvanização a quente (HDPS), para investigar a influência do teor de alumínio efetivo do banho na qualidade superficial do revestimento galvannealed (GA), sendo avaliados os teores de 0,09% e 0,14%. Para acompanhar os estágios de formação das fases Fe-Zn foram realizadas interrupções do ciclo de galvanização ao longo das etapas de imersão no banho e de tratamento térmico de galvannealing. Utilizando a técnica GDOES, foi possível acompanhar as variações da concentração de alumínio ao longo do revestimento durante a formação das fases Fe-Zn. Os resultados das simulações mostraram que o alumínio efetivo mais baixo no banho favoreceu a cinética de formação das fases Fe-Zn durante o tratamento térmico e diminuiu a ocorrência de regiões com aspecto brilhante no revestimento, melhorando a qualidade superficial.

Jul 30, 2018

By Letícia Miranda Alves

Os fluxantes são misturas de minerais que em contato com aço irão fundir e gerar uma escória líquida que irá permitir a troca térmica e favorecer a lubrificação ao longo da interface placa/molde. Durante o processo de lingotamento contínuo de placas parte do filme de escória irá solidificar-se tendendo a formar fases amorfas e/ou cristalinas. O aumento na temperatura de solidificação bem como a formação de camada cristalina reduz a transferência de calor e pode repercutir em uma pele de aço mais fina favorecendo o breakout. Por outro lado, estas condições, como promovem uma solidificação do aço mais cuidadosa reduz a formação de trincas longitudinais a quente, depressões entre outros defeitos. Neste trabalho usando o software Thermocalc® simulou-se a formação de fases para dois tipos de pós fluxantes em função da temperatura. Usando o software FactSage estimaram-se os valores de viscosidade. Através de análise por difração de raios-x, microscopia eletrônica de varredura e análise térmica diferencial, buscou-se estabelecer as relações entre as propriedades e resultados esperados para cada tipo de pó fluxante no processo de lingotamento contínuo de placas.

Jul 30, 2018

By José Carlos D’Abreu, Luiz Cláudio Pinto Oliveira

Os pós ou lamas de aciaria gerados nos sistemas de despoeiramento dos gases de exaustão do conversor LD têm papel relevante entre os coprodutos siderúrgicos devido às suas significativas gerações, dificuldades no manuseio e acondicionamento e expressivo custo para processamento e/ou disposição. Em contrapartida, o elevado teor de ferro que possuem lhes garantem um potencial de substituição dos materiais primários nos processos metalúrgicos. Um método desenvolvido para a reciclagem do pó de aciaria LD foi a aglomeração a frio via briquetagem, para utilização como refrigerante no conversor LD. O efeito refrigerante do minério de ferro é cerca de três vezes superior ao da sucata de aço. Os briquetes de pó de aciaria LD contém ferro em diferentes estágios de oxidação e assim, seu poder refrigerante se situa em uma condição intermediária. Neste trabalho são avaliados, teórica e operacionalmente, o efeito refrigerante dos briquetes de pó de aciaria em comparação com outros refrigerantes. Considerando que a sucata tem um poder refrigerante de 340 kcal/kg, constatou-se que o poder refrigerante dos briquetes é cerca de 1,8 vezes superior ao da sucata e o poder refrigerante das pelotas é 2,8 vezes superior ao da sucata.

Nov 3, 2019

By R. Boom, J. Halder, B. Snoeijer, B. Deo, A. Overbosch

Operational data of BOF and the slag samples for different starting conditions of phosphorus(0.06–0.26 per cent P) and silicon content (0.3–1.2 per cent Si) of hot metal have been analysed. The contribution of parameters that are well known to affect phosphorus distribution at tap, like basicity, temperature, FeO content of slag, slag mass etc., is investigated through the models of ionic theory of slag, optical basicity, regular solution approach and molecular theory of slag. The best overall results are obtained by the model based on molecular theory of slag in which several operational parameters are also incorporated. The investigations of different slag samples, based on optical, SEM, EPMA and X-ray studies, reveal the effect of MgO and Al2O3on slag morphology and phosphorus distribution in different phases. It is important to consider phosphorus distribution ratio in the solid and liquid part of slag. The solid part of slag, which is mostly dicalciumsilicate, can contain up to 5 per cent phosphorus. The phosphorus content of the liquid part of slag may depend upon the phosphorus content of hot metal or phosphorus load of slag. It is found that incorporation of effect of dicalciumsilicate in the model improves the accuracy of prediction. For better process control, the addition of iron ore towards the end of blow must be avoided while treating high phosphorus hot metal or during the production of ultra low phosphorus steels. Keywords: steelmaking, BOF, phosphorus distribution, slag morphology, MgO, Al2O3,dicalciumsilicate, process control, models

Jan 1, 2004

By Gustavo Coelho Feijoo

Técnicas de separação por membranas têm sido consideradas alternativas para recuperação de metais valiosos. Uma destas técnicas é a eletrodiálise, em que o fenômeno da polarização por concentração causa alterações indesejáveis para o mecanismo de transporte iônico. Para evitar este problema, a densidade de corrente limite deve ser analisada. Para tanto, a influência da concentração de Co+2 e do pH na densidade de corrente limite foi estudada por meio de curvas corrente-voltagem. Pulsos de corrente elétrica foram aplicados entre dois eletrodos separados por membranas de troca iônica catiônica (HDX100) e aniônica (HDX200), e a diferença de potencial entre a membrana analisada foi medida em função do tempo. De acordo com os resultados, o aumento da concentração causa um aumento na densidade de corrente limite e menor efeito da polarização por concentração. Por outro lado, o aumento do pH causa uma queda na densidade de corrente limite devido à menor quantidade de íons H+. Os resultados indicaram também a deposição de compostos de cobalto no eletrodo de trabalho.

Oct 30, 2017

By Rafael Sartim

A indústria siderúrgica possui aspectos ambientais associados ao seu processo produtivo ligados em grande parte à emissão de material particulado, efluentes líquidos e geração de resíduos. A emissão de material particulado ocorre durante diversas etapas do processo produtivo, cabendo a estes a aplicação de sistemas para o controle ambiental. Em especial, a planta de sinterização possui como característica emissões primárias ligadas à exaustão da máquina, e secundárias referentes aos sistemas de captações em linhas de peneiramento, retorno de finos e pontos de transferência de correias transportadoras. Para o tratamento das emissões secundárias, a ArcelorMittal Tubarão possui um sistema de despoeiramento. Em virtude de melhorias de processo e alterações na produção, o sistema necessita de uma maior vazão para atendimento à demanda atual. Neste contexto, este trabalho se propôs a avaliar e testar a técnica de supressão de pó em pontos de transferência entre correias transportadoras para verificar sua aplicabilidade. Como conclusão, constatou-se que esta técnica é aplicável em regiões específicas com bons resultados na redução de emissão visível. Além disso, o uso do supressor reduz a quantidade de captações necessárias ao sistema complementando o controle do atual sistema de despoeiramento.

Aug 16, 2017