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By R. J. McLeod

"Grinding at Giant Yellowknife is done in two stages. The first stage consists of two ball mills in closed circuit will: mechanical classifiers, the classifier overflow goes to flotation. The tailings from this flotation circuit are separated into slime and sand portions, the slimes go to an additional flotation circuit while the sand portion goes to the secondary grinding mills.Milltronic automatic sound control units were installed on each of the two primary ball mills and put into operation September 3, 1966. After about two months adjustments to the control units the operators were taken off the grinding circuit on November 1, 1966. The operators duties were taken over by the automatic control units while miscellaneous work was taken over by the helpers in the mill. The labour saving by the installation is approximately $2250.00 per month.After a short period of operation it was apparent there was a slight change in grind. The screen analysis of the primary classifier overflows for the period May to August 1966 averaged 62.23% minus 200 mesh while for the period September to December 1966 averaged 62.0% minus 200 mesh. This is a slight coarsening of the grind. The change in the primary grind has manifested itself also in the screen analysis of the final grind. Before automation the final grind was 80% minus 200 mesh, while after automation it was 7 5% minus 200 mesh. A change of grind was also noted in the flotation concentrates. Before automation the screen analysis of the concentrates was 35% plus 200 mesh and 50% minus 3 25 mesh. A ft er automation it was 35% plus 200 mesh and 47 .5% minus 325 mesh. In other words the grind got coarser or perhaps we should say there was less overgrinding. Another significant change took place in the assays of the slime and sand portion of the primary flotation tailings. It was usual under manual control for the slime portion to assay higher in gold than the sand portion. The reverse is now true."

Jan 1, 1967

By Gordon G. Duncan

Historical Sketch Occurrences of native copper have been known along the Arctic coast of Canada, especially in the vicinity of the. Coppermine river, since the early part of the eighteenth century (See map, Figure 2, insert). In 1769, Samuel Hearne, a clerk of the Hudson's Bay Company at Fort Churchill, was sent to explore the 'copper mines' from which natives had been reported to secure copper for tools, fishing spears, etc. After two successful attempts, he reached the Coppermine river in 1771, accompanied by Indian guides. This hazardous trip was indeed a remarkable feat when one considers the vast distance covered, a great deal of which was barren lands. At Bloody falls, (See Figure 1) on the Coppermine river, Hearne's Indians swooped down on a party of sleeping Esquimaux, who gathered there each summer to fish, and murdered the entire band encamped on that side of the river. Hence the name of the falls. Hearne's knowledge of minerals was undoubtedly limited. He reported having seen the copper mines from which the natives were securing the copper, but he failed to prove the economic possibilities of the copper occurrences or to give an accurate description of any deposit. Sir John Franklin visited the area in 1821. He and other members of his expedition, namely, Richardson, Back, Kendall, and Hood, reported native-copper float to occur in the vicinity of the Coppermine river and Bathurst inlet.

Jan 1, 1931

By Hans E. Madeisky, Bruce W. Downing

The acid rock drainage (ARD) buffering capacity of mine waste is governed by its bulk chemical composition and its mineral assemblage. Conventional acid base accounting (ABA) tests can be used to predict short-term buffering, but should be used with caution to model or predict the long-term ARD buffering capacity of mine waste. ABA data for mine waste samples from four different deposit types: an orthosite-hosted magmatic sul?de nickel, dunite-hosted magmatic sul?denickel, porphyry copper-gold, and volcanic-hosted high sul?dation epithermal silver, were compared with whole-rock geochemical and petrographic data obtained from the same samples. Our objective was to devise and test a method of predicting ARD buffering capacity based on bulk chemistry and modal mineralogy. In other words, we developed a quantitative theoretical method for calculating neutralizing potential, relying on easily obtainable and relatively inexpensive whole-rock and sulfur XRF analyses, which could substitute for conventional ABA procedures in situations where these procedures are either too costly or too time consuming. For each deposit type, models were devised that reasonably approximate the net neutralization potential estimated by the ABA data obtained from laboratory tests. Once an appropriate model has been developed and tested, portable X-ray ?uorescence equipment, already used for grade control at many mine sites, could provide the whole-rock and sulfur analyses required to estimate the ARD potential of the waste material. Although this approach is not intended as a substitute for the legally mandated ABA test procedure, it could facilitate the timely and cost-effective management and mitigation of ARD at a mine site.

Jan 1, 1997

By Hans E. Madeisky, Bruce W. Downing

Abstract-The acid rock drainage (ARD) buffering capacity of mine waste is governed by its bulk chemical composition and its mineral assemblage. Conventional acid base accounting (ABA) tests can be used to predict short-term buffering, but should be used with caution to model or predict the long-term ARD buffering capacity of mine waste. ABA data for mine waste samples from four different deposit types: anorthosite-hosted magmatic sulfide nickel, dunite-hosted magmatic sulfide nickel, porphyry copper-gold, and volcanic-hosted high sulfidation epithermal silver, were compared with whole-rock geochemical and petrographic data obtained from the same samples. Our objective was to devise and test a method of predicting ARD buffering capacity based on bulk chemistry and modal mineralogy. In other words, we developed a quantitative theoretical method for calculating neutralizing potential, relying on easily obtainable and relatively inexpensive whole-rock and sulfur XRF analyses, which could substitute for conventional ABA procedures in situations where these procedures are either too costly or too time consuming. For each deposit type, models were devised that reasonably approximate the net neutralization potential estimated by the ABA data obtained from laboratory tests. Once an appropriate model has been developed and tested, portable X-ray fluorescence equipment, already used for grade control at many mine sites, could provide the wholerock and sulfur analyses required to estimate the ARD potential of the waste material. Although this approach is not intended as a substitute for the legally mandated ABA test procedure, it could facilitate the timely and cost-effective management and mitigation of ARD at a mine site.

Jan 1, 1997

"The outlook for Eastern Canada is decreasing coal production over the next few years; however, a reappraisal of the long-term requirements and increased prices of coal could lead to a revitalizing of the industry. The market for Western coal is expanding and is expected to exceed 50 million tons per year in the metallurgical and thermal power fields. Western coal reserves are currently estimated at 119 billion tons. Technical developments in Eastern Canada include a shearer and gate-end support system to mechanically cut the stall and brushing at the tail-end of a longwall. In Western Canada, the most modern equipment is used in mining, beneficiating and shipping coal. Results to date on the underground hydraulic experiments exceed expectations. The importance of reclamation is recognized and plans have been made to restore and re-vegetate disturbed areas and mine dumps. In Eastern Canada, experiments were started to determine the feasibility of coal reclamation from mine dumps, including one dump that is on fire. The Mining Research Centre, Mines Branch, continued to conduct research work oriented toward solving Canadian mining problems The Western office of the Centre, opened in 1970, was set up primarily to study problems associated with a resurgent coal industry."

Jan 1, 1971

By S. K. Sadrnezhaad, B. Hashemi, Z. A. Nemati, Z. Moghimi

Based on the kinetics relationships of a solid - gas model, a software was developed for the prediction of oxidation. Preliminary prediction of oxidation by the software and experimental results of MgO-C refractories were studied and compared. By using the obtained data from this approach, the effective diffusion coefficient, intermolecular diffusion coefficient and diffusion activation energy in the MgO-C refractories, containing various amount of graphite were obtained at different temperatures. First of all, the prediction by the software was very compatible with experimental results, for different oxidation mechanisms in the MgO-C refractories. The results showed that pore diffusion is the predominant oxidation mechanism in this system. The results indicated that when graphite content was above 10wt%, the intermolecular diffusion coefficient was independent from graphite content, and it was closed to a constant value at each temperature.

Jan 1, 2004

By T. Rigg, J. N. Stone

"The process described has been developed to utilize low-grade scrap -turnings, borings, tin cans and other types of ferrons scrap which currently has been of limited or no use in conventional steelmaking processes. If scrap of this type can be converted into high-purity iron by chemical means then there is a potential saving of several million tons of metal annually in North America.The process is chemically quite simple and consists of dissolving ferrons scrap in hydrochloric acid, followed by evaporation and crystallization of the resultant solution to yield ferrons chloride crystal.s. These crystals are dries, briquetted and converted to non sponge by reduction in hot hydrogen. The HCl produced from the reduction step. is absorbed in water and the hydrochloric acid so produced is returned to the dissolver circuit. The hydrogen produced from the initial dissolution of the scrap is used to reduce the ferrons chloride. Purity is maintained by bleeding off impure chloride solutions from the evaporator-crystallizer circuit, and converting these chlorides to oxides and HCI in a high-temperature spray roaster. The HCl produced in the roaster is absorbed in water and the hydrochloric acid returned to the dissolver."

Jan 1, 1970

By D. B. Smith

DURING the summer of 1953, test work commenced at the Sullivan Concentrator with a view to the modification of filtration practice by the inclusion of wet cyclone classification of the lead concentrates, with separate filtration of the underflow and overflow products. Formerly, practice was conventional and the equipment employed comprised one 50-foot diameter thickener ?with the underflow routed via a 20-foot stock tank to two 8-foot by 12-foot Oliver filters. Heating of the filter feeds to 40° C. and the use of mechanical slappers on the filter drums ?have both been standard features of Sullivan practice for years. Both of these have been retained. Currently (February, 1956), lead concentrates are being classified into sands and slimes by 12-inch cyclones with the underflow, at 75 per cent solids, being fed to No. 1 Oliver filter. The overflow is thickened to 75 per cent solids and filtered separately by a No. 2 Oliver filter . The tonnage split is approximately two of underflow to one of overflow. The overflow contains 75 to 80 per cent of the total minus I 500 mesh slimes in the feed.

Jan 1, 1956

By H. Warren Newcomen, Dennis C. Martin

"This paper describes the investigation of a large, progressive slope failure on the southeast wall of the east pit at Highmont Mine, British Columbia Geotechnical investigation s consisted of geological and structural mapping, assessment of blasthole drilling records, review of rock core information, slope movement monitoring and back analysis of various possible failure modes. Climate records and mining history were also assessed to determine their relationship to slope movement .Analysis of movement monitoring records and geotechnical information indicates that the failure is deep seated. The upper portion of the failure surf ace occurs along clay filled discontinuities. The lower portion of the failure surf ace appears to occur through the highly altered rock mass. High groundwater pressures and mining at the toe of the slope are documented to have had a major influence on stability at various times during the failure. Stability analyses results are presented and possible remedial measures are discussed.IntroductionHighmont Mine is located near Logan Lake in the Highland Valley approximately 50 km southwest of Karnloops, British Columbia (Fig. I). Mining of the porphyry copper and molydenum ore bodies began in 1980. In May, 1983, when mining in the east pit had progressed to a depth of about 60 m (200 feet) , a failure (designated the Southeast Failure) began to develop in the southeast corner of the east pit. Subsequent mining to a depth of 110m (360 feet) was accompanied by frequent and substantial slope movements involving between 500000 and I 000 000 m3 of rock . The slope was monitored extensively to assess short-term movement trends for operational safety. Geological mapping, core logging and rock mechanics testing were used in conjunction with the long-term monitoring information to determine the failure mechanism, conduct stability analyses, assess the effects of instability on pit design and enable design and installation of remedial measures."

Jan 1, 1988

By H. Warren Newcomen, Dennis C. Martin

"This paper describes the investigation of a large, progressive slope failure on the southeast wall of the east pit at Highmont Mine, British Columbia Geotechnical investigation s consisted of geological and structural mapping, assessment of blasthole drilling records, review of rock core information, slope movement monitoring and back analysis of various possible failure modes. Climate records and mining history were also assessed to determine their relationship to slope movement.Analysis of movement monitoring records and geotechnical information indicates that the failure is deep seated. The upper portion of the failure surf ace occurs along clay filled discontinuities. The lower portion of the failure surf ace appears to occur through the highly altered rock mass. High groundwater pressures and mining at the toe of the slope are documented to have had a major influence on stability at various times during the failure. Stability analyses results are presented and possible remedial measures are discussed.IntroductionHighmont Mine is located near Logan Lake in the Highland Valley approximately 50 km southwest of Karnloops, British Columbia (Fig. I). Mining of the porphyry copper and molydenum ore bodies began in 1980. In May, 1983, when mining in the east pit had progressed to a depth of about 60 m (200 feet) , a failure (designated the Southeast Failure) began to develop in the southeast corner of the east pit. Subsequent mining to a depth of 110m (360 feet) was accompanied by frequent and substantial slope movements involving between 500000 and I 000 000 m3 of rock . The slope was monitored extensively to assess short-term movement trends for operational safety. Geological mapping, core logging and rock mechanics testing were used in conjunction with the long-term monitoring information to determine the failure mechanism, conduct stability analyses, assess the effects of instability on pit design and enable design and installation of remedial measures."

Jan 1, 1988

By D. E. Keeley

Introduction Gunite is a mixture of sand and cement applied to any surface by being shot by compressed air through a nozzle, where it is wetted just before leaving the orifice. The mixture is transported through a hose from a machine called a 'cement-gun'(l). Guniting of rock surfaces has been standard practice at the Mcintyre Porcupine Mines, Limited, for several years. Where used on walls and backs of cross-cuts; shaft stations, and other rock openings, as an air seal, gunite has eliminated the necessity of constant scaling to keep rock from falling from these places, and, under worse conditions, it has been used in place of timber supports. This has been of definite help in reducing costs, promoting safety, and minimizing fire hazards. During the past year guniting has been quite extensively used here in the rock head-works of the new internal shaft, No. 12, sunk from the 3,875-foot level. Gunite is at present being applied to the stations of that shaft well below a mile from the surface. This paper describes the method of guniting as carried out at the McIntyre, and illustrates how, by the adoption of this process, mining problems connected with scaling and loose ground have been completely solved. It is hoped that the information presented may stimulate discussion and assist in the use of gunite in this and other mines. The guniting method of applying cement was first developed by Carl E. Akeley (2), Curator of the Field Museum, Chicago, in 1907, and was exhibited in New York at the Cement Show in 1910. The museum was located in one of the old World's Fair buildings, built of roughcast and in bad repair. Mr. Akeley, who was a man of inventive nature, set about devising means of applying cement to repair the walls. The cement-gun was the result. Mr. Akeley was a taxidermist of note, a sculptor, and also the inventor of the Akeley camera. In his work, he was in the habit of using fast setting materials to build up foundations for statues, etc.

Jan 1, 1934

By B. Haugrud, E. McConaghy, M. Collins, G. Smith

"Laterite ore processed by the Ambatovy joint venture in Madagascar is primarily limonitic in nature, containing approximately 40–45 wt.% Fe and 1.1 wt.% Ni. The process selected for treatment of this ore considered the behaviour and deportment of iron in each step of the commercial flowsheet. Such considerations included nickel and cobalt recoveries, reagent consumptions, liquid-solid separation characteristics, and intermediate and final product purities. In this paper, the results for the first three years of commercial operation at Ambatovy are compared with the design parameters, with emphasis on the behaviour of iron.RÉSUMÉ Le minerai latéritique traité par l’entreprise commune Ambatovy au Madagascar contient principalement de la limonite, composée de 40–45 % en poids (wt%) de fer (Fe) et de 1,1 wt% de nickel (Ni). Le procédé choisi pour le traitement de ce minerai tenait compte du comportement et du maintien du fer à chaque étape du schéma de traitement commercial. Parmi les facteurs pris en compte figuraient les récupérations de nickel et de cobalt, les consommations d’agents réactifs, les caractéristiques de séparation des liquides-solides ainsi que la pureté des produits semi-fini et final. Cet article compare les résultats des trois premières années d’exploitation commerciale à Ambatovy aux paramètres d’étude, en insistant notamment sur le comportement du fer.INTRODUCTIONThe main component of nickeliferous laterite ore is iron, and the Ambatovy deposit in Madagascar is no exception. Ambatovy ore is primarily limonitic in nature, containing approximately 40–45 wt.% Fe and 1.1 wt.% Ni. The nickel content of the ore is approximately 1/40th that of the iron content by weight; therefore, successful recovery of nickel depends on close control of the behaviour of iron in the selected process.The Ambatovy area is located 80 km east of Antananarivo, the capital of Madagascar. Exploration dates back to 1960, when the Malagasy Service Géologique carried out a limited pitting and auger-drilling program. Phelps Dodge Corporation (now Freeport-McMoRan Copper & Gold, Inc.) was granted the mining rights to the property in 1995 and carried out significant resource definition, environmental assessment, and engineering studies between 1995 and 2001 (Chou, Rooke, Williams, & Hanks, 2000). In 2003, Dynatec Corporation, which was formed in 1997 by the merger of Dynatec International Ltd. and Sherritt International Consultants Inc., signed a joint venture agreement with subsidiaries of Phelps Dodge to evaluate the Ambatovy nickel project. Dynatec became extensively involved in the development of the project, including process selection and pilot plant testing in Fort Saskatchewan, Alberta (Collins et al., 2004, 2005; Collins & Vardill, 2005; Collins, Buban, Holloway, Masters, & Raudsepp, 2009). Dynatec acquired 100% of the project in 2005 and a joint venture between Dynatec, Sumitomo Corporation, Korea Resources Corporation (KORES), and SNC-Lavalin Inc. (SLI) was formed shortly thereafter to provide funding for further development. SLI was responsible for engineering, procurement, and construction management of the commercial facilities. Sherritt International Corporation reacquired Dynatec Corporation, including 40% ownership in the Ambatovy nickel project, in 2007. The current Ambatovy joint venture consists of an integrated nickel and cobalt mining, processing, refining, and marketing enterprise between subsidiaries of Sherritt (40% owner and mine and plant operator), Sumitomo Corporation (32.5% owner), and KORES (27.5% owner)."

Jan 1, 2017

By W. A. Gow, G. M. Ritcey, M. C. Campbell

"Uranium is a unique commodity. It is both a metal and a fuel, It has both commercial and military uses. It yields ""clean energy "" but presents environmental concerns. All of these factors have an impact on the commerce of uranium.Being a metal, uranium is extracted from ore like many other metallic minerals. As a fuel, it is subject to the vagaries of energy commodity market forces. The history of uranium in the first nuclear weapons has led to nation al governments carefully controlling production and sale of uranium. The spectre of radioactive contamination of the environment adds further to the public concern over the disposal of low-level radioactive wastes from uranium processing and use.There have been a number of excellent reviews on the commercial aspects of the uranium industry. In this discussion, these aspects will be briefly summarized to provide a general picture of the strengths of the Canadian uranium industry and the pressures to which it is being subjected currently. The principal thrust of this paper will be to outline Canada's resource strength and to identify some factors which will affect Canada's ability to continue holding a sizeable share of the world uranium market."

Jan 1, 1985

By C. M. Kleemann

The paper describes the present milling practice at Western Mining Corporation Limited's new nickel mine at Kambalda in Western Australia. It details the crushing, autogenous grinding, flotation and spray drying circuits for the production of a nickel concentrate. It also indicates some of the metallurgical problems which have been encountered in concentrating this ore.

Jan 1, 1973

By J. M. B. Scarborough

This paper deals with measures taken to maintain effective operation of heavy-duty equipment in open-pit mining. at Pine Point, N.W.T., during periods of extreme cold weather. The points covered include equipment modifications designed to improve cold-weather performance, effective lubrication of machinery that is vulnerable to extreme cold and operating procedures designed to prevent equipment damage.

Jan 1, 1966

By A. R. Sheik, A. A. Baba, M. K. Ghosh, K. Sanjay, R. B. Bale, A. G. F. Alabi, F. A. Adekola, L. Ibrahim

"This paper studies the characterization and dissolution of a Nigerian pyrolusite ore, reporting the results of ore physicochemical analyses and detailed ore characterization before and after leaching at optimal conditions. Ore dissolution rate increased proportional to acid concentration and temperature, but decreased with ore particle size. In a 4 M H2SO4 solution at 80°C with a particle size of –90+75 µm and moderate agitation, ore dissolution rate reached 78.7%. Unleached residue produced under optimal leaching conditions consisted of silica with admixtures of cristobalite and stishovite. The calculated activation energy supported the proposed diffusion control mechanism for the process.RÉSUMÉ Le présent article étudie la caractérisation et la dissolution d’un minerai de pyrolusite du Nigeria, il donne les résultats des analyses physicochimiques du minerai et de la caractérisation détaillée du minerai avant et après la lixiviation sous des conditions optimales. Le taux de dissolution du minerai augmentait proportionnellement à la concentration de l’acide mais décroissait avec la taille des particules. Dans une solution 4 M H2SO4 à 80 °C, avec une granulométrie de –90+75 µm et une agitation modérée, le taux de dissolution du minerai a atteint 78,7 %. Les résidus produits sous des conditions optimales de lixiviation étaient constitués de silice avec un mélange de cristobalite et de stishovite. L’énergie calculée d’activation supportait le mécanisme de contrôle de la diffusion proposé pour le procédé."

Jan 1, 2016

By Louise Corriveau

A Targeted Geoscience Initiative transect in the eastern Grenville Province reveals an extensive VHMS-style cupriferous hydrothermal system among rhyolitic pyroclastic rocks of the Wakeham Group at La Romaine, Québec. The volcanic rocks outcrop sporadically along a < 10 km-wide by about 100 km-long belt correlated with the south-eastern extension of the Wakeham Group. This belt occurs among voluminous, magnetite-bearing, granitic gneiss. At Lake Musquaro, 1.51 Ga metarhyolitic to dacitic lapillistones and flows, locally with aluminous nodules and veins, are intruded by 1.49 Ga feldspar porphyries. This volcanic package was deposited on typical Wakeham Group arenite (< 1.52 Ga) interbedded with nodular, muscovite- and fibrolite-bearing gneiss, and minor marble hosting finely layered garnetiferous hornblendite, garnetite and magnetite-bearing coticule. The latter are interpreted as meta-exhalite and with the associated albitite (sodic alteration), aluminous veins (hydrothermal leaching) and magnetite-rich granitoids, they are key elements in the search for concealed mineral deposits in this area. At La Romaine, to the south, 1.5 Ga lapillistones outcrop structurally above metasediments and below a composite amphibolite unit of uncertain origin (lava or sills) with magnetite-rich (BIF?) units. An extensive zone of aluminous gneiss, with lapilli textures, provide evidences for severe hydrothermal leaching of the volcanic rocks prior to metamorphism. An adjacent siliceous vein-textured unit likely represent a zone of intense silicification (74 wt.% SiO2), while aluminous, hematite to magnetite-bearing veins in adjacent felsic gneiss (tuff?) preserve evidences for the sequence of alteration events. Despite granulite-facies metamorphism, the main characteristics of the amphibolite unit persist along the entire belt. This competent unit likely served as a cap rock; the garnetite, diopsidite and hornblendite it hosts provide effective guides to the sites of fluid discharge and mineralization. A number of Cu showings, modest in size, were discovered in this unit. Their systematic occurrence, in a structural-stratigraphic sense, indicates that this setting is attractive for mineral exploration despite high-grade metamorphism and deformation. Late-stage veins laden with fluorite crosscut these alteration zones, and are themselves metamorphosed, indicating that hydrothermal activity was polyphased. SHRIMP U-Pb ages obtained on detrital zircons (1 arenite) and on igneous zircons (5 volcanic rocks, 1 porphyry and 6 granitoids), pervasive arc-type geochemical signatures and presence of in situ rafts of barium-rich garnetite in the granitoids indicate that sedimentation and volcanism occurred between 1.52 and 1.49 Ga coevally with hydrothermal activity and emplacement of a sub-volcanic 1.5 Ga granitic batholith with early, 1.53 Ga tonalite intrusion. Such a geological context can sustain large-scale hydrothermal cells and development of VHMS, Cu-Fe oxides or SEDEX deposits.

May 1, 2003

By J. M. Whiting

"North America has entered a period when greatly increased attention must be given to energy .supply and demand by government, industry and individuals. Such increasing concern about energy will be a long-term phenomenon, accompanied by continuing examination of future resource development and utilization. Those engaged in or associated with mining, a major energy consumer, are likely to experience a variety of problems which are associated with the end of an era of low-cost, virtually unlimited energy supply. Their efforts, furthermore, may be subjected to escalating public and government scrutiny, involvement and control. However, ever-growing recognition of the real and urgent necessity to systematically develop new energy supplies within Canada and the United States will provide unusual challenges and opportunities for those companies and individuals with mining expertise. The vast deposits of coal, tar sands and oil shale provide a relative certainty of supply which only stands to gain in attractive ness with time. In order to benefit from this aspect of certain supply, nevertheless, synthetic fuels will have to be produced at a tolerable cost. This will always require excellent process design and engineering. As synfuels development expands to any significant production level, however, and Jess than ideal reserves are scheduled, the usual geologic-productivity complexities encountered in making ore out of low-value rock will tend to become of prime concern. It is for this reason that the services of experienced mining personnel will be in growing demand in energy production."

Jan 1, 1973

By F. Prescott, D. Hiam-Galvez, J. Hiam

Mines are frequently located in remote areas with little conventional employment and few opportunities for the existing population. The development and operation of the mines results in several years of intense activity followed by a near-complete reduction in employment and opportunities after the mines are closed. Designing Sustainable Prosperity (DSP) is a method for rectifying this situation by designing for long-term growth in areas that host mines. This process involves the participation of local and national governments, local community, mining companies, investors, academics and those with sector expertise. The mines will be the catalyst for regional sustainable development. If successful, long-term economic and environmental prosperity should be the result for the areas affected by mining and, in some instances, promoting the regions as centres of excellence for a particular industry. This paper will describe how the concept works using the copper producing region of Peru and Chile as an example. Designing sustainable prosperity starts by looking at regions based on the natural resources and skills available, the infrastructure and possible energy sources. Integrated natural resource models and innovative market studies, followed by education and skills requirements, are then established to determine the potential for the region and what needs to be done to realise the possibilities. INTRODUCTION Industry 4.0, or i4.0, dubs the fourth and current industrial revolution. Where previously they have been founded on ever-increasing consumption and production, i4.0 distinguishes itself by its partial focus on reducing resource intensity; lightweighting, energy efficiency, sensors and automation to improve resource efficiency. Industry 4.0 is an era of artificial intelligence, genome editing, biometrics, renewable energy, 3D printing, autonomous vehicles and the Internet of Things (Lu, 2017). These drivers represent key opportunities for the economic future of nations and regions.

Jan 1, 2019

By H. Rozovsky

This paper deals with the large iron ore concentrating plant owned by the Iron Ore Company of Canada. The plant is part of the Carol Project, which is being developed in the Wabush area of western Labrador. The mining and milling operations were officially opened in July of this year. The handling of fine material has always been considered a serious operational problem. The crushing, grinding and sizing of 50,000 tons of iron ore per day, in a dry state, could present sizeable problems in maintenance and orderliness. The operation, as a whole, embraces many recent developments in the iron ore industry. Mining operations include the latest techniques of jet piercing and blasting. Primary crushing involves a single crusher, which handles the complete production. Grinding of the ore includes the latest concepts of dry autogenous grinding in air-swept mills. The actual concentration of the ore is per-formed, in the wet state, by the use of spiral concentrators, with provision for possible flotation or magnetic separation, if required. The upgraded concentrates are either stored or pelletized, prior to shipment by rail to Seven Islands.

Jan 1, 1962