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Successful restoration of Ballarat region alluvial gold workings to Box-Ironbark forest requires realistic evaluation of techniques. A stocking level threshold of 68 percent is used to rate the success of 'broadcast' seeding of E. microcarpa, E. Melliodora and E. Leucoxylon.Failure necessitates follow-up enrichment planting with tubestock, which is considered undesirable, interalia, due to pathogen, spacing and economic problems.

Jan 1, 1992

By Arbuthnot IM

It is the commonly held belief that, because the separation of liquids from solids takes place considerably faster in high rate thickeners than in conventional thickeners, high rate thickeners (HRT's) must use more flocculant than conventional thickeners. Data collected from a wide range of thickener users in Australasia and data presented in the literature is analysed. In addition, pilot plant data, with direct comparisons between HRT's and conventional thickeners, is presented. It is concluded that the flocculant consumption for both thickener types is in the same range.

Jan 1, 1991

This paper will provide an overview of the coal mining industry operating in the Wollongong area, covering: the history and heritage of mining in the Illawarra region;unique features affecting mining in the region û opportunities and threats;current mining operations in the area;challenges facing coal mining in the region, including managing environmental impacts and seeking community support for mining approvals; andthe future for coal mining in the region. The paper aims to showcase the size and history of the coal mining industry around Wollongong and to emphasise the specific benefits and challenges that are faced by companies operating coal mines in such close proximity to urban and environmentally sensitive areas.

Jan 1, 2008

The current insurance market has been brought about by a number of pressures, including: collapsing investment returns; growing losses, both normal and catastrophic; and reserve strengthening. This is impacting most classes of insurance coverage, with the traditional characteristics of higher pricing and greater levels of retention, however it is now translating into a lack of capacity and reduced coverage. This presentation will explain how the market has arrived at this situation and will challenge whether this is the traditional insurance cycle or a structural correction. It will also address the anticipated time of correction.

Jan 1, 2003

Spectacular high-temperature hot springs (æblack smokersÆ) on the deep ocean floor are producing economic concentrations of base and precious metals. Mining these seafloor massive sulfide (SMS) deposits is about to become a reality in 2010, subject to the timely issuance of permits. Three Australia-based private companies and two government agencies inJapan and Korea have exploration licenses or applications covering vast areas of the seabed in the western Pacific targeting SMS deposits. Technological and financial challenges for recovery of seafloor sulfide deposits are being met and mining these may be less environmentally deleterious than mining on land. An EXTENDED ABSTRACT is available for download. A full-length paper was not prepared for this presentation.

Jan 1, 2008

The Rum Jungle mine was operated by Territory Enterprises Pty Ltd who mined uranium on behalf of the Australian Government with operations spanning the period from 1953 to the final closure of the mine in 1971. In addition to the extraction of uranium from the open cut pits, copper, manganese and lead were mined and processed at Rum Jungle. During the latter part of the operation, and after the closure of the mine, environmental studies were carried out which were aimed at determining the causes of the pollution at Rum Jungle and identifying a rehabilitation strategy for the mine site. These studies identified sources of heavy metal and acid pollution and proposed a rehabilitation strategy which consisted of 1. recontour, construct impervious covers and controlled surface drainage on, and revegetate three overburden heaps,

Jan 1, 1984

Twenty years of effort in developing the use of computers in the design and control of mineral treatment circuits has resulted in a sound base for future widespread application of the techniques.. The intent of this paper is to speculate to some extent about future applications of computer related techniques in the mineral extraction industries. The use of simulation methods for the analysis and design of circuits is discussed. In the area of process control, computers have been largely devoted to process monitoring and reporting tasks. The application of computers for the total control and optimization of complete plants is considered. Finally, the role of computer based modelling studies for definitions of optimum treatment flowsheets is suggested.

Jan 1, 1985

It is no longer possible to establish a quarry on the most convenient hill then abandon the site, leaving a scar if the stone or sand in the deposit is found to be unsatisfactory. Before approval is given to operate a new quarry, the relevant authorities require a detailed plan of operations from commencement to final rehabilitation. To prepare this plan, a thorough know- ledge of the quality and size of the deposit is required. To obtain this information, the industry must use the most modern techniques available. Many examples can be given showing problems which have affected the smooth operation of a quarry for many years because the initial exploration was poorly carried out. The factors which must-be considered when exploring a deposit are detailed in this Paper.

Jan 1, 1979

Economic mathematical methods have been developed and applied in the design, planning, development and managing stages in the mining industry. Economic and technological efficiency is achieved with the aid of a large range of probability models, which are used to enable decisions to be made progressively during the different stages. The entire operation is considered as a total system made up of sub- systems and the models representing these are consecutively interrelated with each other. Algorithms and programmes representing the economic mathematical models for all the stages involved were tested and were found to be applicable to the various important mines in the Donetsk basin. Currently, these models are accepted and widely used.

Jan 1, 1977

By Dalmijn WL, Valk HJLvd

At the Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, the Department of Raw Materials Technology, a mathematical model has been developed to predict the porosity distribution in an uniform jig bed. If the porosity distribution in an uniform jig bed is known, it is possible to correlate this to the settling velocity of particles with a density different from the density of the bed grains and thus model the stratification in a jig. For measuring the porosity distribution in the jig bed a method has been developed based on light absorption techniques.

Jan 1, 1993

By Watson D. F

P S B Stewart has rightly pointed to a possible obscurity in our paper on drilling patterns, viz. in comparing the improvement of a triangular drilling pattern over a square one, we used percentage improvements without always making clear their base. We hope, however, that other readers, like Stewart, have been able to understand the particular meaning from the context.Although different methods of estimation of an ore deposit will have different local bias (Philip and Watson, 1985), the critical relationship affecting the reliability of estimation of an unsampled location is the scale of local variation of the variable being estimated in comparison with the density and isotropy of sampling. This relationship overrides all other considerations.

Jan 1, 1985

By Gluch KD

The current Mining Act has been the mechanism for administering and encouraging the State's mining industry through the 1970's up to the present. Although it has been subjected to considerable amendment there continues to be judicial challenge as well as criticism in relation to ambiguity of interpretation. Expansion of the mining industry and pressures placed upon "it by the ever increasing interaction with other land users have highlighted deficiencies in the current legislation and the need for a strong and progressive Act covering the rights and obligations of miners and their relationships with those outside the industry. - It is considered that the most positive results can be achieved by a complete redrafting of Queensland's mining administrative legislation.

Jan 1, 1987

By T S. Fayram

The successful application of flotation is now over one hundred years old. However in a practical industrial sense, it still remains predominantly an art rather than a quantifiable science. Moreover, the laboratory testing, interpretation and application of the technology can still be tedious, time consuming and costly. This paper outlines the use of proven statistical design of experimentation software for rapid optimisation of flotation testing with limited representative sample utilisation. This results in less costly required testing, a more thorough understanding of results and the ability to simultaneously optimise several variables and outcomes at once. At the Center for Advanced Mineral and Metallurgical Processing, this testing methodology has been used successfully in many metallurgical development and plant optimisation projects thereby confirming its real world utility and application.

Jan 1, 2005

By C Rees, M Predebon, J Denney

It has been said on many occasions that æthe future of the mining industry of Australia, and indeed the world, lies in the hands of the studentsÆ. As a student, this can be a daunting, yet very exciting, statement. If nothing else, it is a direct challenge to the student body of the mining industry to take responsibility for its direction æafter 2000Æ. However, for the students to embrace this challenge, some responsibility must be borne by the universities and the industry itself to provide some direction and encouragement. Perhaps, therefore, the real challenge is to find the right balance between students, industry and education to best prepare the students for a career in the mining industry. The future industry will demand students who are capable and willing to adapt to change and technology and able to exert the vision and leadership required to ensure the mining industry continues to thrive well into the next century.

Jan 1, 2000

There is no good news! The market environment for raising capital for resource projects is getting tougher. The regulatory and accounting environment is fast becoming more difficult and the hurdles to successfully raising debt, lease, equity or hybrid finance are now considerably higher. As ever, well structured companies and capital issues can and will survive, if not thrive. An outline of the market and regulatory environment for successful issues is set out below, followed by some comparison of stockmarket values of resource assets compared to more technical appraisals.

Jan 1, 1990

Whether you are an employee, contractor or consultant working in the mineral industry, there are pressures to deliver the best possible performance. Technical professionals are usually driven by an internal desire to perform to a high standard because of personal pride in their profession, but there are an increasing number of external requirements to demonstrate that the actions taken were based upon reasonable grounds and that the work conformed to current best practice. People expect these best practice procedures to be followed and governments are now requiring those tendering for contracts to be registered in some way and to be participants in quality assurance schemes. One is not immune to these pressures just because you are working in a less legislatively sophisticated developing country in the circum-Pacific rim (Pacrim) region.

Jan 1, 1995

This paper intends to give an insight into what is often considered to be a poor relation of the mining industry but is in fact an integral part of any community. Aggregate production accounts for more than half of the world production of minerals by weight. In New Zealand production of aggregates runs at around five tonnes per capita per year, making it a significant industry. The industry in this country is dominated by smaller operations close to the market due to the widespread population and relative abundance of aggregate. The Logan Point quarry is one of the largest quarries in the South Island with an annual production of around 250 000 tonnes. The market is mainly based around roading and building in the Dunedin area with some higher quality specialist aggregates being used allover Otago. The quarry has been owned and operated by Palmer and Son Ltd for 106 years with a fifth generation family member the current quarry manager.

Jan 1, 1992

This paper will review the experiences of both big and small exploration/mining companies (local and foreign investors), including the impediments to exploration and project development in Indonesia since the Contract of Work was first introduced there (1967 Minerals, 1981 Coal). This is seen through the eyes of a person who has been employed in a managerial capacity in large and small concerns, and more recently as an independent consultant. Comment will be made on the political, legislative and social constraints imposed by the presence of a large group of disparate artisans (illegal miners) who now form a significant component of the Indonesian mining industry; the Bre-X debacle; the impact of the recent Regional Autonomy legislation; and changes to the Mining, Forestry and Environmental Acts. An overall view (including statistics) will be presented as to how recent Indonesian developments have affected international confidence in investing in its mineral sector over the past decade and it will be placed in an international competitive context.

Jan 1, 2004

Most Geologists have a well rounded knowledge of the exploration phase and those who have worked as mine geologists have an understanding of the production phase. Few have had exposure to the development and the construction phases. Even fewer have had the experience of closing a mine, disposing of the plant and equipment, carrying out the final cleanup and making the area safe and environmentally acceptable.During the various phases of exploration, the geoscientist gains a wealth of non-geological information which can be of considerable value to engineers and technicians in the feasibili-ty, development, operation phases and finally the closure of a project. Such basic controls as surveys, adopted assay sample lengths and the location of items of infrastructure during exploration, may continue to affect the project through its entire life. Thus the geologist's responsibilities extend well beyond the explo-ration phase of a project.

Jan 1, 1990

By Robson L. C

The developing countries whether they be in Africa, Asia or the Pacific, are a potentially vast market for the technologies of the more developed countries.Conducting business in the less developed countries however requires a keen understanding of their culture. A keystone of the culture of the Pacific Island Nations is kinship with the land. Without an appreciation of the implications of the land rights debate, a business venture into these countries is likely to be delayed or even doomed to failure.The European heritage, with its notions of private ownership of land, have frequently been a stumbling block to a proper understanding of the concepts of customary lands. According to our laws, ownership of land confers a number of definite rights: principally the right to use the land, the right to exclude others from its use, the right to transfer it and the right to receivF income from the property independent of use.

Jan 1, 1990